Iron deficiency anemia as a risk factor for pulp disease in children from the central Peruvian jungle: a case‒control study.

AIM: To investigate iron-deficiency anemia as a risk factor for dental pulp disease in children from the central Peruvian jungle. METHODOLOGY: A case-control study was carried out with 270 children, of which 90 referred to cases and 180, to controls. Patients with pulp disease were diagnosed according to the criteria of the Association of Endodontists and the American Board of Endodontics. A specific questionnaire was used to assess ferrous sulfate consumption, maternal education level, maternal age, occupation, and household income. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and a binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Iron deficiency anemia offers a risk factor for pulp disease in children (OR 7.44, IC 95% 4.0-13.8). According to multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression, ferrous sulfate consumption (OR 13.8, IC 95% 5.6.33.9), maternal education level (OR 2.4, IC 95% 1.1-5.3), maternal age (OR 7.5, IC 95% 2.9-19.4), household income (OR 4.0, IC 95% 1.6-9.6), and caries (OR 10.7, IC 95% 4.5-25.7) configured independent factors that were statistically associated with pulp disease. CONCLUSION: Iron deficiency anemia, ferrous sulfate consumption, maternal education level, maternal age, household income, and dental caries were positively associated with pulp disease in children.

Necesidad y tratamiento en la población infantil y juvenil durante la pandemia COVID-19 / Needs and treatment in children and youths population during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objetivos: analizar y describir los requerimientos de atención quirúrgica y no quirúrgica de urgencia en la población infantil y juvenil en un servicio de urgencias de Argentina durante el aislamiento social preventivo y obligatorio (ASPO). Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional y descriptivo de análisis retrospectivo durante el período inicial de 93 días de ASPO, comprendido entre 20 de marzo de 2020 hasta el 20 de junio de 2020. Se registraron los pacientes menores de 17 años que acudieron al servicio de urgencias del Hospital Odontológico de la Universidad de Buenos Aires y se caracterizó aquellos que requerían distintos tipos de tratamientos. Resultados: se atendieron 4654 pacientes durante el periodo estudiado, de los cuales 116 eran menores de 17 años. Se realizaron 142 prestaciones. A 63 piezas dentarias se les realizó la exodoncia. A otras 63, algún tipo de tratamiento endodóntico. 11 piezas requirieron de restauraciones directas, y en 5 se realizaron otros tipos de tratamientos. Conclusión: fue importante la presencia de recurso humano calificado en el área de la cirugía bucal y pediátrica en los servicios de guardia, considerando el incremento sustancial de necesidad de tratamiento suscitado durante el ASPO (AU)

Objective: to analyse and describe the requirements for emergency surgical and non-surgical care in the paediatric population in an emergency department in Argentina during Preventive and Mandatory Social Isolation. Materials and Methods: an observational, descriptive, retrospective study was conducted during the initial period of 93 days of Preventive and Mandatory Social Isolation, from March 20, 2020 to June 20, 2020. Patients under 17 years of age who attended the emergency department of the Dental Hospital of the University of Buenos Aires were registered and those requiring different types of treatment were characterised. Results: 4654 patients were seen during the period studied, 116 of whom were under 17 years of age. A total of 142 services were performed. Sixty-three teeth were exodontically extracted. A further 63 underwent some form of endodontic treatment. 11 teeth required direct restorations and 5 required other types of treatment. Conclusion: the presence of qualified human resources in oral and paediatric surgery in the on-call services was important, considering the substantial increase in the need for treatment during the ASPO (AU)

The Impact of COVID-19 Related Lockdown on Dental Practice in Central Italy-Outcomes of A Survey.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected lives and professions worldwide. We aimed to determine the behavior of dentists during the lockdown in Central Italy through an online survey. We demonstrated that the most frequent of urgencies, not otherwise manageable through telemedicine, was dental pulp inflammation. Although a statistically significant increase in the use of some of the personal protective equipment (PPE) from pre to during lockdown was shown, dentists were afraid of being infected during the dental procedures. Moreover, we showed that digital dentistry, telemedicine, use of the rubber dam, distancing of the appointments and further structural changes at the dental office are necessary to reduce the contagion among dentists and patients. No significant differences were shown between gender.

Dentist-related factors influencing the use of vital pulp therapy: a survey among dental practitioners in China.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate dentist-related factors associated with the use of vital pulp therapy (VPT) for the treatment of pulp exposures in permanent teeth. METHODS: This survey-based study sent an online questionnaire to collect data on the demographics of the respondents, the use of VPT and the choice of materials for VPT, to all members of the Society of Endodontology of Guangdong, China. RESULTS: A total 183 of 380 members responded (48.2%). The majority (89.6%; 164 of 183) had performed direct pulp capping (DPC) while 55.2% (101 of 183) had performed partial pulpotomy (PP) at least once. The most-cited reason for not performing VPT was unfamiliarity with the technique. Mineral trioxide aggregate was the most commonly used material for both DPC (67.1%; 110 of 164) and PP (73.3%; 74 of 101). Endodontists, compared with general practitioners, preferred to perform DPC and chose calcium silicate materials (CSMs) for VPT (odds ratios 5.81 and 8.07, respectively). DPC and CSMs for VPT were also favoured more by respondents who had practised for > 5 years. Senior respondents were more likely to use PP. CONCLUSIONS: Speciality, years of practise and age of dentists influenced the decision making and the choice of materials for VPT. Continuing education is essential to promote the clinical use of VPT.

Prevalence and Reasons for Extraction of Endodontically Treated Teeth in Adult Nigerians.

AIM: Teeth extraction is an important problem in elder patients. Although some of these teeth have been endodontically treated, many of them may be subjected to extraction. The reasons for extraction are important for prevention planning in further patients. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and important reasons for extraction of endodontically treated teeth in adult Nigerians. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study involved a retrospective examination of 2,000 case files in the archives of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital. Out of the 2,000 case files, 650 concerned endodontically treated teeth. RESULTS: The prevalence of extractions in the population was 21.5%. This was more often in the mandible (67.9%) than in the maxilla (32.1%). In both jaws, more molars were extracted (57.1%), followed by premolars (27.1%) and anterior teeth (15.7%). Extractions occurred 57.1% of times in females. However, the rate of extraction decreased with age but peaked in the 51-60 year age band. CONCLUSION: The association between age and extraction was proven. Caries, vertical root fracture and endodontic reasons accounted for the commonest cause of extraction in the mandible; while in the maxilla, endodontic reasons and cusp fracture caused extractions most often. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The reasons for extraction of endodontically treated teeth are different between maxilla and mandible.

Culture-dependent approaches to explore the prevalence of root canal pathogens from endodontic infections.

Endodontic infections are considered to be caused by the presence of various microorganisms within the root canal system. Recognition of this microbiota contributes to the successful treatment of infected root canals. This study investigated the microorganisms associated with primary and secondary endodontic infections via culture methods, biochemical tests, and molecular approaches in an Iranian population. Microbial specimens were collected from 36 patients with primary endodontic infection and 14 patients with a history of root canal therapy. Advanced microbiological culture techniques were used to isolate microbiota; subsequently, biochemical tests and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing were performed to identify the microorganisms. Within the total 218 cultivable isolates, Veillonella parvula (20.6%) was found to occur with the highest frequency in primary endodontic infection, followed by Porphyromonas gingivalis (14.1%), and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (9.2%). Enterococcus faecalis (36.6%) was the most predominant microorganism in secondary endodontic infections, followed by Candida albicans, Propionibacterium acnes, and V. parvula with frequencies of 20%, 2%, and 2%, respectively. It was concluded that V. parvula and E. faecalis was most frequently found in primary and secondary endodontic infections, respectively.

Caracterización de las enfermedades inflamatorias pulpares en pacientes atendidos por urgencia / Characterization of inflammatory pulp diseases in patients treated urgently

Introducción: varias dolencias bucales llevan a los pacientes a acudir a una consulta de urgencias, sobre todo las enfermedades pulpares. Objetivo: caracterizar las enfermedades inflamatorias pulpares en pacientes atendidos por urgencias. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo de serie de casos a pacientes mayores de 15 años, que acudieron a consulta de urgencias de la Clínica Estomatológica, perteneciente al Hospital Celia Sánchez Manduley, en el periodo comprendido de febrero de 2016 a julio de 2017. El universo estuvo constituido por 150 pacientes; se aplicó un formulario que incluyó las variables: edad, sexo, tratamientos previos recibidos, grupos de dientes afectados, causas del origen del proceso, diagnóstico, se utilizaron medidas estadísticas como números absolutos y porcentuales. Resultados: las enfermedades se presentaron en la población estudiada sin predilección por el sexo; el grupo más afectado fue el de 35 a 44 años, con 43,3 por ciento causada por caries dental en un 39,3 por ciento; los dientes más afectados fueron los molares inferiores con 12 por ciento; la enfermedad pulpar más frecuente fue la pulpitis irreversible aguda con 56 por ciento; la mayoría de los pacientes recibió como tratamiento previo la obturación (36,6 por ciento). Conclusiones: las enfermedades pulpares inflamatorias no manifestaron predilección por el sexo; el grupo de edades más afectado fue de 35 a 44 años; la causa fundamental fue la caries dental en molares inferiores; la enfermedad pulpar con mayor frecuencia fue la pulpitis aguda irreversible; las obturaciones fueron el tratamiento previo recibido en los dientes afectados(AU)

Introduction: several oral ailments lead patients to an urgent consultation, especially pulp diseases. Objective: to characterize the pulp inflammatory diseases in patients treated by urgencies. Method: a prospective descriptive study was carried out in a series of cases in patients older than 15 years, who attended an emergency visit to the Celia Sánchez Manduley Hospital in the period from February 2016 to July 2017. The universe consisted of 150 patients; a form was applied that included the variables: age, sex, previous treatments received, groups of affected teeth, causes of the origin of the process, diagnosis, using statistical measures as absolute and percentage numbers. Results: the diseases were presented in the studied population without predilection for sex; the group most affected was 35 to 44 years, with 43.3 percent caused by dental caries in 39.3 percent; the most affected teeth were the lower molars with 12 percent; the most frequent pulp disease was acute irreversible pulpitis with 56 percent; the majority of patients received obturation as a pre-treatment (36.6 percent). Conclusions: the inflammatory pulp diseases showed no predilection for sex; the age group most affected was 35 to 44 years; the underlying cause was dental caries in lower molars; the most frequent pulp disease was irreversible acute pulpitis; the seals being the pre-treatment received in the affected teeth(EU)

Culture-dependent approaches to explore the prevalence of root canal pathogens from endodontic infections

Abstract: Endodontic infections are considered to be caused by the presence of various microorganisms within the root canal system. Recognition of this microbiota contributes to the successful treatment of infected root canals. This study investigated the microorganisms associated with primary and secondary endodontic infections via culture methods, biochemical tests, and molecular approaches in an Iranian population. Microbial specimens were collected from 36 patients with primary endodontic infection and 14 patients with a history of root canal therapy. Advanced microbiological culture techniques were used to isolate microbiota; subsequently, biochemical tests and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing were performed to identify the microorganisms. Within the total 218 cultivable isolates, Veillonella parvula (20.6%) was found to occur with the highest frequency in primary endodontic infection, followed by Porphyromonas gingivalis (14.1%), and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (9.2%). Enterococcus faecalis (36.6%) was the most predominant microorganism in secondary endodontic infections, followed by Candida albicans, Propionibacterium acnes, and V. parvula with frequencies of 20%, 2%, and 2%, respectively. It was concluded that V. parvula and E. faecalis was most frequently found in primary and secondary endodontic infections, respectively.

Caracterización de las enfermedades pulpares en pacientes pertenecientes al Área II del municipio Cienfuegos / Characterizacion of pulpal diseases in patients from area II of the Cienfuegos Municipality

Fundamento: Las enfermedades pulpares adquieren cada día más importancia debido a su sintomatología dolorosa y a que frecuentemente son el motivo de consulta de urgencia estomatológica.Objetivo: caracterizar las enfermedades pulpares en pacientes pertenecientes al área II del municipio Cienfuegos.Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, transversal, en el periodo comprendido de abril a diciembre de 2015. Se trabajó con 329 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. El registro primario de datos se obtuvo mediante la observación y la recolección de la información a través de historia clínica individual, previo consentimiento informado. Las principales variables fueron: edad, sexo, enfermedades pulpares, tratamiento realizado y grupo dentario.Resultados: se observó un predominio del sexo masculino y del grupo de edad de 35 a 59 años. La necrosis pulpar fue la enfermedad más frecuente, con un 40,73 por ciento de pacientes afectados. La exodoncia fue el tratamiento que se aplicó en mayor cantidad de casos, sobre todo en el grupo de 20 a 34 años. Los primeros molares inferiores fueron los más afectados por enfermedades pulpares.Conclusión: se concluye que la necrosis pulpar fue la que predominó entre todas las enfermedades pulpares, lo cual se corresponde con que es uno de los motivos de consulta más frecuentes en las clínicas estomatológicas. Por ello, se debe seguir encaminando el trabajo a prevenir estas afecciones estomatológicas(AU)

Foundation: Pulpal diseases acquire a great importance due to their painful manifestations and they frequently the chief complain in dental emergency consultation.Objectives: To characterize pulpal diseases in patients from Area II of the Cienfuegos Municipality.Methods: A descriptive observational cross study was carried out from April to December 2015. A number of 329 patients was included in the study who complied with the requirements of inclusion and exclusion. Data primary registration was obtained through observation and information collection from the individual clinical record, previous informed consent. The main variables were: Age, sex pulpal diseases, treatment and dental group.Results: It was observed male sex predominance and the 35 to 59 age group. Pulpar necrosis was the most frequent disease, with 40.73 percent affected patients. Exodontic treatment was applied to most of the patients mainly in the 20 to 34 year old group. Inferior first molars were the most affected by pulpal disease.Conclusion: It is concluded that necrosis was predominant among all pulpal diseases, which corresponds to that it is one of the most frequent chief complains in dental clinics. That is the reason why it is necessary to continue working on preventing these dental conditions(AU)

Prevalence of endodontic diseases: an epidemiological evaluation in a Brazilian subpopulation

Aim: To determine the prevalence of pulp and periradicular diseases in a Brazilian subpopulation, correlating the prevalence with sex, age and most affected teeth. Methods: Data collected from medical records of patients treated at the Clinic of Specialization in Endodontics of the Federal University of Pernambuco between 2003 and 2010. The following variables were recorded for each patient: sex, age, affected teeth and diagnosed endodontic disease. Using Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, the collected data analysis was set at a 5% significance level. Results: From all the treated teeth, 57% were diagnosed with pulp diseases, with the symptomatic irreversible pulpitis being the most prevalent (46.3%), while among the diagnosed periradicular diseases (43%), chronic apical periodontitis was the most prevalent (81%). Pulp diseases were detected in men and women in an unequal mode (p=0.008). Subjects under 40 years old had higher prevalence of pulp disease (p=0.286), and patients over 50 years were most affected by periradicular diseases (p=0.439). Maxillary incisors and mandibular first molars were the most affected teeth by endodontic diseases. Conclusions: In the evaluated subpopulation, the endodontic diseases were more prevalente in the maxillary incisive, affected indiscriminately individuals of different age groups and chronic apical periodontitis was the most prevalent diagnosed disease (Au)

[Clinical analysis for systemic complications of patients in the dental emergency room].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical features of oral emergency patients in general health, and to guide the oral emergency patients in the treatment, and prevention of accidents. METHODS: The retrospective study was performed on the day visits to the emergency department in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from February to November 2013.The basic information of the newly diagnosed adult, their overall health status, American society of anesthesiologists(ASA) classification and oral diagnosis information were analyzed and summarized. RESULTS: The cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases(6.4%), hypertension(13.4%), endocrine system diseases(4.2%)were most common in the patients. With the increase of age, the associated systemic diseases had increased in number and in ASA classification. Periapical disease(24.6%), dental pulp disease(24.4%), and periodontal disease(18.0%) accounted for about 2/3. CONCLUSION: The general health status of patients with oral emergency worsened with the increase of age. Oral surgeons should make risk assessment before treatment. ASA classification system can help doctors predict the patient risk, take corresponding measures in advance, and help to reduce the occurrence of accidents.

Prevalence of treponema species detected in endodontic infections: systematic review and meta-regression analysis.

INTRODUCTION: This systematic review and meta-regression analysis aimed to calculate a combined prevalence estimate and evaluate the prevalence of different Treponema species in primary and secondary endodontic infections, including symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. METHODS: The MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Scielo, Web of Knowledge, and Scopus databases were searched without starting date restriction up to and including March 2014. Only reports in English were included. The selected literature was reviewed by 2 authors and classified as suitable or not to be included in this review. Lists were compared, and, in case of disagreements, decisions were made after a discussion based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. A pooled prevalence of Treponema species in endodontic infections was estimated. Additionally, a meta-regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: Among the 265 articles identified in the initial search, only 51 were included in the final analysis. The studies were classified into 2 different groups according to the type of endodontic infection and whether it was an exclusively primary/secondary study (n = 36) or a primary/secondary comparison (n = 15). The pooled prevalence of Treponema species was 41.5% (95% confidence interval, 35.9-47.0). In the multivariate model of meta-regression analysis, primary endodontic infections (P < .001), acute apical abscess, symptomatic apical periodontitis (P < .001), and concomitant presence of 2 or more species (P = .028) explained the heterogeneity regarding the prevalence rates of Treponema species. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that Treponema species are important pathogens involved in endodontic infections, particularly in cases of primary and acute infections.

Endodontics and the ageing patient.

Patients are living longer and the rate of edentulism is decreasing. Endodontic treatment is an essential part of maintaining the health and well-being of the elderly. Retention of natural teeth improves the quality of life and the overall health and longevity of ageing patients. Also, teeth that might be otherwise extracted may be strategically valuable to retain a prosthesis, and elderly patients are more likely to have medical complications that may prevent dental extractions from being safely performed. The technical goals of endodontic treatment in the elderly are the same as those for younger patients. However, the pulpo-dentinal complex undergoes calcific changes over time, which may pose challenges for the clinician. The purposes of this review are to discuss age changes in the pulp and the challenges posed by diagnosing, treatment planning and treating the elderly endodontic patient.

Clinical consequences of untreated dental caries and toothache in preschool children.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to assess the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries related to the occurrence of toothache among Brazilian preschool children. METHODS: A random sample of 540 two- to five-year-olds underwent a clinical oral examination for the assessment of early childhood caries (ECC) using the dmft (decayed, missing and filled primary teeth) index and pufa (carious lesions with pulpal involvement [p], ulceration of the mucosa due to root fragments [u], fistula [f], and abscess [a]) index to score consequences of dental caries in soft tissues. Parents/guardians were asked to answer a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic characteristics and toothache experience in the children. Descriptive analysis and hierarchically adjusted Poisson regression models were employed. RESULTS: The prevalence of ECC and pufa (≥1) was approximately 50 percent and 12 percent, respectively. A total of 25 percent of the children had toothache experience. Toothache was significantly associated with: an older age (prevalence ratio [PR]=3.70; 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.09-6.58); carious lesions with pulpal involvement (PR=3.93; 95% CI=3.09-5.01); ulceration of the mucosa due to root fragments (PR=2.73; 95% CI=1.52-4.89); fistula (PR=2.91; 95% CI=1.89-4.49); and abscess (PR=4.43; 95% CI=3.78-5.19). CONCLUSION: Toothache experience in preschool children was associated with untreated cavitated dentin lesions and their consequences.

Hospital-based emergency department visits with dental conditions among children in the United States: nationwide epidemiological data.

PURPOSE: To provide nationally representative estimates of hospital-based emergency department visits (ED) for dental caries, pulp and periapical lesions, gingival/periodontal lesions, and mouth cellulitis occurring among patients who were 21 years old and younger. METHODS: Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) for the year 2008 was used. All ED visits with dental conditions were included. Discharge patterns, demographics, disposition following ED visit, and hospital charges, were examined. NEDS is a uniform, stratified dataset, and can be projected to the national level. RESULTS: A total of 215,073 ED visits with dental conditions occurred among children. These visits included diagnosis of dental caries (50 percent of visits), pulpal and periapical conditions (41 percent), gingival (15 percent) and periodontal diseases (five percent), and mouth abscess/cellulitis (three percent). Forty-two percent were covered by Medicaid, and 32 percent were uninsured. Mean charge per visit was $564, and total ED charge across the United States (US) was $104.2 million. Among those hospitalized following ED visits, total hospitalization charge across US was $162 million. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial amount of hospital resources are spent treating dental conditions in the ED. A total of 43 percent of ED visits were covered by Medicaid, and 32 percent were uninsured.

A panoramic survey of air force basic trainees: how research translates into clinical practice.

INTRODUCTION: The purposes of this study were to examine the following in young adults residing in the United States: (1) the prevalence of teeth with root canal therapy (RCT) and teeth in need of RCT, (2) how frequently treatment practices associated with success as cited in the literature are found in posterior teeth with RCT, and (3) which treatment practices are associated with periradicular pathology. METHODS: Panoramic radiographs taken of all basic trainees entering the US Air Force in 2011 were evaluated in a 2-part review. A general survey of all radiographs was performed to determine the prevalence of teeth with and teeth in need of RCT. All panoramic radiographs that showed a posterior tooth with RCT were evaluated in detail to consider the presence and quality of cuspal coverage restorations, the quality of RCT, and the presence of periradicular pathology. RESULTS: A total of 35,811 panoramic images were evaluated. Ten percent of basic trainees had existing RCT, whereas 5% showed a need for RCT. The total number of posterior teeth with RCT was 3,455. Nearly half of these teeth had either no cuspal coverage or an unacceptable cuspal coverage restoration. Almost one third of the existing RCT was considered inadequate based on best treatment practices. Approximately 25% of teeth with RCT had periradicular pathology present. A strong correlation was found between the quality of RCT and the absence of periradicular pathology. Of RCT teeth deemed hopeless, 97.5% had no cuspal coverage restoration present. CONCLUSIONS: Factors cited in the literature as being associated with success are lacking in the dental treatment of young adults residing in the United States.

Single visit root canal treatment: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim was to determine the success rate of single visit root canal treatment (RCT) and thus encourage clinicians to offer this treatment option appropriately. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a longitudinal clinical study involving all teeth of the secondary dentition except third molars in the upper and lower jaws. Teeth having irreversible pulpitis, pulp necrosis or periapical periodontitis were included in the study. RCT and obturation was done at a single visit. The patients were monitored over 6 months. RESULTS: Forty-five teeth were treated in 21 females and 24 males, aged 18-56 years (34.4+/-12.7). Preoperatively, pain was present in 84.4%, tenderness to percussion in 53.3%, and periapical radiolucency in 24.4% teeth. Forty percent had irreversible pulpitis and 60% had apical periodontitis. Post-operatively, pain reduced to 51.1% on day 1, 15.5% at 1 week, and 0% for the rest of the period. Tenderness to percussion reduced to 15.6% at 1 week and 0% by 1 month. Periapical radiolucency reduced to 9.5% at 6 months. Favorable outcome of 33.3% was recorded on day 1 and increased to 90.5% at 6 months. Six months success rate for teeth which had irreversible pulpitis was 100% and 83.3% for apical periodontitis. The mean time needed to complete a single visit RCT ranged from 77 min for a tooth having one canal to 132 min for one having four canals. CONCLUSION: Single visit RCT is a viable treatment option for teeth having irreversible pulpitis or apical periodontitis irrespective of tooth type or number of canals. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A lot of patients are lost to follow-up visits for teeth requiring RCT once the pulp is extirpated at the first visit due to cessation of pain, subsequently leading to treatment failure. Single visit endodontics eliminates the need for follow-up visits and improves treatment prognosis.

Prevalence of clinical consequences of untreated dental caries and its relation to dental fear among 12-15-year-old schoolchildren in Bangalore city, India.

PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence of clinical consequences of untreated dental caries and its relation to dental fear among public schoolchildren in India. METHOD: A cross-sectional study of 1,452 schoolchildren aged 12-15-years in Bangalore city using a three-stage stratified random sample was conducted. Caries was scored by WHO (World Health Organisation) criteria (1997) and clinical consequences of untreated dental caries using the PUFA index. Dental fear was assessed by a single item dental fear questionnaire. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of caries was 57.9% and of untreated dental caries was 19.4%. Children with high dental fear had 2.05 times the risk of untreated caries as compared to children with low fear. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the prevalence of clinical consequences of untreated dental caries was low, and dental fear was shown to be a significant determinant of clinical consequences of untreated dental caries.

Dental health and treatment needs among children in a tribal community.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the dental health status and treatment needs among children of 'Pardhi' tribal community. METHODS: A total of 185 children were examined over a period of 2 months using WHO proforma. The statistical software namely SPSS version 15.0 and data was analyzed using Student's t-test and ANOVA test at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The mean score for dft and DMFT was 1.87 ± 1.073 and 2.04 ± 1.564 respectively with males subjects were having comparatively more scores. It was also found significant differences between age groups. Most of the children needed one surface filling, i.e. 29.40%, followed by pulp care and restoration (19.30%), two or more surface fillings (15.60%) and extraction (11.70%). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The study subjects were characterized by a lack of dental care services, high prevalence of dental caries and treatment needs. Therefore, implementation of a basic oral health care program for this tribal population is a high priority.

Patología implanto-endodóncica: concepto, tipos, diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención / Endodontic-implant pathology: concept, types, diagnosis, treatment and prevention

La patología implanto-endodóncica (PIE) está descrita en la literatura implantológica como una de las causas de periimplantitis apical, entendida como la lesión osteolítica en la región apical del implante, con normal osteointegración de su porción coronal, provocada por la infección por contigüidad a partir de la lesión periapical del diente adyacente. Pero el concepto de PIE no sólo abarca la periimplantitis retrógrada por contaminación diente-a-implante, sino también los procesos inflamatorios periapicales en dientes adyacentes al implante por contaminación implante-a-diente, cuando la colocación del implante provoca la necrosis del diente adyacente y la consiguiente periodontitis apical. Incluso podríamos incluir dentro de la PIE los casos de periimplantitis apical en implantes postextracción provocada por la infección residual presente en el alvéolo de un diente extraído con periodontitis apical. En definitiva, la PIE incluye las lesiones endodóncicas e implantarias apicales que son el resultado de infecciones residuales o por contigüidad entre diente e implante. En esta revisión bibliográfica se define y clasifica la PIE, repasándose la casuística publicada así como su influencia en el resultado del tratamiento implantológico

The implant-endodontic pathology is described in the literature as a cause of apical periimplantitis, understood to be an osteolytic lesion that appears in the apical region of the implant during the coronal osseointegration normally. This implant-endodontic pathology researches the relation of endodontic and implants apical lesions leading to infection contiguity between teeth and implants. The first way of contamination is implant-tooth, when the implant placement causes necrosis of the adjacent tooth and subsequent contamination of the implant; the second way is tooth-implant, when there is an exacerbation of latent apical lesion in a tooth, root canal or not, after placing an implant adjacent to it, resulting in apical periimplantitis later. In this work we have summoned the cases of occurring periimplantitis by apical residual infection present in the socket of an extracted tooth with apical periodontal pathology and replaced by an implant. This review aims to make an update of the relationship between periimplantitis and endodontics