ABSTRACT
La preeclampsia es una patología que surge de forma desconocida comprometiendo el estado de salud del binomio materno neonatal, provocando daño multiorgánico. La característica principal es la relación con múltiples factores de riesgo tales como la hipertensión en familiares de primer grado, obesidad, alimentación, falta de controles obstétricos durante la gestación, entre otros; Objetivo: Validar el cuestionario diseñado para evaluar los factores que influyen en preclamsia, Determinar los factores de riesgo que influyen en su incidencia. Materiales y métodos: Se aplico una metodología cuanti cualitativa, corte transversal, exploratorio; la validación se efectuó a través del juicio de expertos, utilizando dos tipos de instrumentos uno para cada tipo de investigación, se valoran por separado, en el plan piloto se utiliza parte de la muestra seleccionada para la investigación macro. En el caso de la cualitativa se utiliza una técnica de entrevista a saturación, con una investigación de tipo fenomenológica, organizada por categorías. Resultados: El instrumento cuantitativo obtiene un puntaje 93% de confiabilidad, con un alfa de crombach de 0,7, el instrumento cualitativo 95%, dentro de los factores de riesgo se distingue los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo, se asocia con un espectro de gravedad que va desde la hipertensión leve inducida por el embarazo hasta la eclampsia. Conclusión: Durante el estudio piloto se obtiene los datos con rapidez y efectividad, no existen conflictos en su comprensión, su confiabilidad garantiza el trabajo científico, la validación de instrumentos justifica el proceso, de inicio resultó conflictivo por la ausencia de instrumentos para medir los factores que influyen en esta patología, se encuentran los valores causales y en especial en las vivencias de cada uno de los actores e involucrados, La preeclampsia es un fenómeno frecuente cuya patología conlleva graves complicaciones para la madre y el feto con este tipos de estudio se aporta a su control y erradicación(AU)
Preeclampsia is a pathology that arises in an unknown way, compromising the health status of the maternal-neonatal binomial, causing multi-organ damage. The main characteristic is the relationship with multiple risk factors such as hypertension in first degree relatives, obesity, diet, lack of obstetric controls during pregnancy, among others; Objective: to validate the questionnaire designed to evaluate the factors that influence preeclampsia, to determine the risk factors that influence its incidence. Materials and methods: A quantitative, qualitative, cross-sectional, exploratory methodology was applied; The validation was carried out through the judgment of experts, using two types of instruments, one for each type of research, they are valued separately, in the pilot plan part of the selected sample is used for the macro research. In the case of qualitative, a saturation interview technique is used, with a phenomenological type investigation, organized by categories. Results: The quantitative instrument obtains a 93% reliability score, with a crombach alpha of 0.7, the qualitative instrument 95%, within the risk factors distinguishes hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, it is associated with a spectrum of severity ranging from mild pregnancy-induced hypertension to eclampsia. Conclusion: During the pilot study the data is obtained quickly and effectively, there are no conflicts in its understanding, its reliability guarantees scientific work, the validation of instruments justifies the process, initially it was conflictive due to the absence of instruments to measure the factors that influence this pathology, are the causal values ââand especially in the experiences of each of the actors and involved, Preeclampsia is a frequent phenomenon whose pathology entails serious complications for the mother and the fetus with this type of study is provided to its control and eradication(AU)
Subject(s)
Pre-Eclampsia/pathology , Risk Factors , Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced , Eclampsia/pathology , Health Services Programming , Research , Pilot Projects , Incidence , Data Collection , FetusABSTRACT
Brain computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography were performed in five eclamptic patients. Three of them had HELLP syndrome. The findings on the imaging studies showed bilateral lesions affecting regions of the brain, such as cortico-subcortical either posterior and anterior circulation territories, white matter, talamic or mesencephalic-protuberancial areas. No vasospasm in middle size arteries were observed with magnetic resonance angiography. Although visual disturbance and occipital lobe involvement were correlated, no other mentioned lesions had clinical manifestations.
Se estudiaron cinco pacientes con eclampsia mediante tomografía computarizada, resonancia magnéticanuclear y angio-resonancia. Tres de ellas cursaron con síndrome HELLP. Se apreciaron lesiones bilaterales que involucraron áreas córtico-subcorticales dependientes de ambos territorios vasculares, centro oval, talámicas y mesencéfalo-protuberanciales. La angio-resonancia descartó la presencia de imágenes compatibles con vasoespasmo en arterias de mediano calibre. Con excepción de alteraciones visuales coincidentes con el compromiso del lóbulo occipital, otras lesiones descriptas carecieron de expresión clínica.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Cerebrum , Eclampsia , Cerebrum/pathology , Cerebrum , Eclampsia/pathology , Eclampsia , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , HELLP Syndrome/etiology , HELLP Syndrome/physiopathology , HELLP Syndrome , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Brain computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography were performed in five eclamptic patients. Three of them had HELLP syndrome. The findings on the imaging studies showed bilateral lesions affecting regions of the brain, such as cortico-subcortical either posterior and anterior circulation territories, white matter, talamic or mesencephalic-protuberancial areas. No vasospasm in middle size arteries were observed with magnetic resonance angiography. Although visual disturbance and occipital lobe involvement were correlated, no other mentioned lesions had clinical manifestations.
Subject(s)
Brain , Eclampsia , Adult , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Brain/pathology , Eclampsia/complications , Eclampsia/diagnostic imaging , Eclampsia/pathology , Female , HELLP Syndrome/complications , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Pregnancy , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Brain computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography were performed in five eclamptic patients. Three of them had HELLP syndrome. The findings on the imaging studies showed bilateral lesions affecting regions of the brain, such as cortico-subcortical either posterior and anterior circulation territories, white matter, talamic or mesencephalic-protuberancial areas. No vasospasm in middle size arteries were observed with magnetic resonance angiography. Although visual disturbance and occipital lobe involvement were correlated, no other mentioned lesions had clinical manifestations.(AU)
Se estudiaron cinco pacientes con eclampsia mediante tomografía computarizada, resonancia magnéticanuclear y angio-resonancia. Tres de ellas cursaron con síndrome HELLP. Se apreciaron lesiones bilaterales que involucraron áreas córtico-subcorticales dependientes de ambos territorios vasculares, centro oval, talámicas y mesencéfalo-protuberanciales. La angio-resonancia descartó la presencia de imágenes compatibles con vasoespasmo en arterias de mediano calibre. Con excepción de alteraciones visuales coincidentes con el compromiso del lóbulo occipital, otras lesiones descriptas carecieron de expresión clínica.(AU)
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Cerebrum , Eclampsia , Cerebrum/pathology , Cerebrum/diagnostic imaging , Eclampsia/pathology , Eclampsia/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , HELLP Syndrome/etiology , HELLP Syndrome/physiopathology , HELLP Syndrome/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To know the alterations in the microcirculation of the placenta, umbilical cord, as well as the immune and hemorrheologic disorders in preeclampsia-eclampsia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two groups were conformed, 30 patients each, all of them with pregnancy of more than 24-week gestation. Group A included patients with preeclampsia-eclampsia and group B (control group) included women with normal pregnancy. In all patients determinations of levels of platelets, fibrinogen, antinuclear antibodies, IgG and IgM anticardiolipin, VDRL were made; clotting times were determined, and histopathologic analyses (placenta, umbilical cord and uterus-placenta membranes) were performed. RESULTS: Platelet levels in the group A were normal in 40% and low in 60%. In group B they were normal in 83.3% and low in 16.7%. with p < 0.05. In group A fibrinogen was normal in 10% and high in 90%; in the group B it was normal in 62.1% and high 37.9%, with p < 0.05. In group A prothrombin time (PT) was normal in 40% and high in 60%; in group B it was normal in 76.7% and low in 23.3%, with p < 0.05. in group TPT was normal in 36.7% and high in 62.1%, with p > 0.05. VDRL was negative in the 100% of the women of group A and positive in the 3.3% of the controls with p > 0.05. The antinuclear antibodies were positive in 6.7% in group A, and in 23.3% in group B, p < 0.05. IgG anticardiolipin antibodies were negatives in the 100% in both groups and IgM antibodies were negative in 96.7% in the group B and 3.3% in group A, p > 0.05. Analysis of histopathologic and immune changes did not show statistic significance when comparing both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Statistical and clinical significance was observed only in the hemorrheologic changes (PT, TPT, fibrinogen and platelets) and in the newborn weight.
Subject(s)
Eclampsia/physiopathology , Placenta/blood supply , Pre-Eclampsia/physiopathology , Uterus/blood supply , Adolescent , Adult , Antibodies, Anticardiolipin/blood , Antibodies, Antinuclear/blood , Blood Coagulation Tests , Cardiolipins/blood , Cholesterol/blood , Eclampsia/blood , Eclampsia/immunology , Eclampsia/pathology , Extraembryonic Membranes/pathology , Female , Fibrinogen/analysis , Gestational Age , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Microcirculation , Parity , Phosphatidylcholines/blood , Placenta/pathology , Platelet Count , Pre-Eclampsia/blood , Pre-Eclampsia/immunology , Pre-Eclampsia/pathology , Pregnancy , Umbilical Cord/pathologyABSTRACT
La hipertensión inducida por el embarazo es la principal causa de muerte materna y fetal en nuestro hospital. La literatura describe diferentes patrones hemodinámicos que oscilan desde bajo gasto cardíaco y resistencia sistémica elevada; hasta más recientemente, alto gasto cardíaco y resistencia sistémica disminuida en un estadio subclínico. El objeto de este estudio es identificar el patrón existente al momento del ingreso a la unidad de ciudados intensivos (UCI) para establecer la diferencia, si la hay, entre los patrones entre pacientes sobrevivientes y los que fallecieron y aclarar la correlación entre los parámetros de llenado ventricular. Se revisó la hemodinamia de 15 pacientes eclámpticas enviadas a la UCI para apoyo hemodinámico y/o ventilatorio. Se registraron el índice sistólico (IS), índice de trabajo ventricular (ITV), presión pulmonar media (PPM), índice de resistencia sistémica (IRS), índice de resistencia pulmonar (IRP)(truncado 2500 caracteres)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Eclampsia/epidemiology , Eclampsia/pathology , Eclampsia/physiopathologySubject(s)
Pregnancy , Female , Humans , Eclampsia/diagnosis , Eclampsia/pathology , Eclampsia/therapyABSTRACT
La necrosis hemorrágica hepatocelular se encontró en 11 casos, que corresponden a 55 por ciento de 20 casos fallecidos por enfermedad hipertensiva del tercer trimestre del embarazo: eclampsia;81.8 por ciento fue difusa, 18.1 por ciento focal; se presentó desde los 18 años hasta los 38 años de edad, a los 25.5 años de edad promedio; 36.3 por ciento fueron primíparas, 36.3 por ciento multíparas. El hematoma hepático subcapsular se encontró en cinco casos: 60 por ciento con cápsula conservada y 40 por ciento con cápsula rota. De los cinco casos: 60 por ciento fueron multíparas; 80 por ciento se desarrolló durante el tercer trimestre del embarazo, 20 por ciento durante el segundo trimestre; 80 por ciento cursaron con dolor asociado a vómito; 80 por ciento evolucionaron hacia la eclampsia. Estos cinco casos de hamatoma hepático subcapsular, en principio, desarrollaron un síndrome de hematoma hepático subcapsular, posteriormente con el desarrollo del cheque se constituyó el síndrome de hematoma hepático subcapsular con ruptura de la cápsula. Consideramos a la necrosis hemorrágica hepatocelular, al hematoma hepático subcapsular con cápsula de Glisson conservada y al hematoma hepático con cápsula rota, tres estadios de una misma enfermedad
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Middle Aged , Eclampsia/complications , Hematoma/etiology , Biopsy , Eclampsia/pathology , Hematoma/pathology , Hemorrhage/pathology , Liver/pathology , Pregnancy Complications/mortalityABSTRACT
An analysis is made of the hepatopathies characteristic of pregnancy according to the latest research and from experience of the Pathology Department of the Hospital Central of San Luis Potosí. Such entities are the fatty liver, the hyperemesis gravidarum, the preeclampsia and eclampsia and the cholestasis of pregnancy. It is estimated that the eclamptic state is capable of showing clinical, structural and laboratory manifestations which vary absolutely and which bring us to consider as dependent upon the fatty liver, the HELLP syndrome and some cases of cholestasis. Also, cholestasis of pregnancy, determined genetically, must be distinguished from that which is associated with eclampsia or determined by drugs or other causes. Similarly, hyperemesis gravidarum may be primary, although rarely so, or be due to neurological causes; it is also capable of causing slight liver dysfunction. Finally, the above-mentioned ailments are correlated within the classic physiopathological grid of jaundice.
Subject(s)
Liver Diseases/complications , Pregnancy Complications/etiology , Cholestasis/complications , Cholestasis/etiology , Eclampsia/etiology , Eclampsia/pathology , Fatty Liver/complications , Fatty Liver/diagnosis , Female , Hepatomegaly/complications , Hepatomegaly/pathology , Humans , Hyperemesis Gravidarum/etiology , Liver/pathology , Liver Diseases/pathology , Liver Diseases/therapy , Middle Aged , PregnancyABSTRACT
Se realiza un estudio longitudenal restrospectivo con el objeto de determinar la tasa de mortalidad materna en el IMNA de La Paz. Revisando los libros de archivo y partes diarios de atenciòn se obtiene el nùmero total de defunciones maternas, partos, cesàreasy recien nacidos vivos entre 1981 a 1990. Relacionando el nùmero de muertes maternas con el nùmero total de recièn nacidos vivos, encontramos una tasa de mortalidad materna de 28o/ooo. Se señalan tambièn las diferentes patologias que ocasionaron el deceso, concluyendose las Toxemias y la Eclampsia, luego estàn las Hemorragias e Infecciones. Se concluye remarcando la disminuciòn de la mortalidad materna, con respecto a la anterior dècada, haciendo alguna consideraciones que expliquen este hecho
Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Eclampsia/diagnosis , Eclampsia/embryology , Eclampsia/pathology , Hemorrhage/embryology , Hospitals, Maternity/statistics & numerical data , Infections/embryology , /statistics & numerical data , Pre-EclampsiaABSTRACT
Foi aplicado prospectivamente, entre agosto de 1985 e dezembro de 1990 na Clinica Obstetrica da Faculdade de Medicina da USP, um abrangente protocolo de tratamento da eclampsia. O protocolo baseou-se na obediencia a uma sequencia ordenada de recursos terapeuticos: 1. oxigenacao; 2. sulfato de magnesio; 3. avaliacao materna e fetal; 4. tratamento anti-hipertensivo; 5. correcao de disturbios funcionais; 6. conduta obstetrica e 7. assistencia da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Foram estudados 63 pacientes, a maioria primigestas, tendo feito irregularmente pre-natal em outros servicos. As pacientes foram classificadas a admissao em nao complicados (27), complicadas (34) e descompensadas (2). Os resultados gerais de mortalidade materna e perinatal verificados foram 1,5 por cento e 11,1 por cento. Quando discriminadas conforme a classificacao empregada, foram respectivamente: casos nao complicados 0 e 13,0 por cento; casos complicados 2,9 e 18,5 por cento, e casos descompensados 0 e 50,0 por cento. Conclui-se que apesar da gravidade das pacientes assistidas, os resultados obtidos com a aplicacao deste protocolo se equivalem aos melhores relatados na literatura.
Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Humans , Female , History, 20th Century , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Eclampsia/therapy , Perinatal Mortality , Brazil , Critical Care , Eclampsia/complications , Eclampsia/history , Eclampsia/pathology , Maternal MortalityABSTRACT
Para o sucesso do tratamento da eclampsia e fundamental que os metodos terapeuticos adequados sejam aplicados no momento exato. A padronizacao e memorizacao de um roteiro terapeutico facilita o desempenho de medicos e enfermeiras que trabalham com eclampsia. E apresentado e discutido um roteiro sequencial de medidas terapeuticas, com enfase a seus aspectos praticos, baseando-se em: 1. oxigenacao; 2. sulfato de magnesio; 3. avaliacao materna e fetal; 4. tratamento anti-hipertensivo; 5. correcao de disturbios funcionais; 6. conduta obstetrica; e 7. assistencia em unidade de terapia intensiva.