Emergence of scientific understanding in real-time ecological research practice.

Scientific understanding as a subject of inquiry has become widely discussed in philosophy of science and is often addressed through case studies from history of science. Even though these historical reconstructions engage with details of scientific practice, they usually provide only limited information about the gradual formation of understanding in ongoing processes of model and theory construction. Based on a qualitative ethnographic study of an ecological research project, this article shifts attention from understanding in the context of historical case studies to evidence of current case studies. By taking de Regt's (Understanding scientific understanding. Oxford University Press, New York, 2017) contextual theory of scientific understanding into the field, it confirms core tenets of the contextual theory (e.g. the crucial role of visualization and visualizability) suggesting a normative character with respect to scientific activities. However, the case study also shows the limitations of de Regt's latest version of this theory as an attempt to explain the development of understanding in current practice. This article provides a model representing the emergence of scientific understanding that exposes main features of scientific understanding such as its gradual formation, its relation to skills and imagination, and its capacity for knowledge selectivity. The ethnographic evidence presented here supports the claim that something unique can be learned by looking into ongoing research practices that can't be gained by studying historical case studies.

Reconciliacion y responsabilidad: acciones de sinergia para la construcción de un pensamiento ecologizante desde la escuela. “incertidumbres semilla.” / Reconciliation and responsibility: actions of synergy for the construction of a green thought from school. “uncertainty seed

Esta artículo, derivado de las discusiones fruto de varias investigaciones realizadas,tiene como objetivo proponer una acción de ruptura respecto a la dinámicadevastadora de la humanidad ante los recursos ambientales y ecosistemas, para lo cual se propone la generación de “incertidumbres semilla” que actúan a modo de acciones pedagógicas de cambio instauradas desde la infancia como registros de acción, retroacción e interretroacción pedagógica-social. Para ello se plantea que la responsabilidad medioambiental y la reconciliación de la humanidad con los ecosistemas, emergen como constructos dialógicos de sentido ecologizante, por lo que deben ser apuntalados en el proceso educativo y (de)construidos en quienes alteran la organización de los sistemas vivos.

This article, derived from the product of several investigations carried out discussions, aims to propose an action of rupture on the devastating dynamics of humanity to environmental resources and ecosystems, which proposes the generation of “uncertainty seeds” that act as a pedagogical actions of change, installed from childhood as records of pedagogical and social action, feedback and inter-feedback. This raises the environmental liability and the reconciliation of humanity with theecosystems, to emerge as dialogic constructs of greening sense, so that it must be underpinned in the educational process and (de) built on those who disrupt the organization of living systems.

Colonización de la naturaleza: una aproximación desde el extractivismo en Colombia / Colonization of nature: an approach from extractivism in colombia

Este artículo de investigación pretende brindar elementos de análisis sobre el complejo tema de la colonización de la naturaleza. En él se hace una argumentación descriptiva basada hallazgos teóricos sobre las relaciones entre el extractivismo, una práctica propia del dispositivo colonial, y lo que aquí denominamos colonización de la naturaleza. El artículo presenta inicialmente un balance del impacto en la configuración de la visión-apropiación ancestral del territorio y su contenido cultural, a raíz de la imposición de una nueva semántica, en referencia al dispositivo de poder colonial. Luego, se analiza la relación del extractivismo con el proceso de colonización de la naturaleza, para finalmente esbozar una reflexión breve vinculando contextos y problemas contemporáneos.

This research paper aims at providing some elements of analysis on the complex issue of the colonization of nature. In it a descriptive argument is carried out based on theoretical findings on the relationships between extractivism, which is a proper practice of the colonial device, and what is here called colonization of nature. The article initially presents an assessment of the impact on the configuration of the ancestral vision and appropriation of the territory and its cultural contents, as a result of the imposition of a new semantics, in reference to the device of the colonial powers. Then, the relationship between extractivism and the process of colonization of nature is analyzed; to finally sketch a brief reflection, by linking contemporary issues and contexts.

Evaluating indices of traditional ecological knowledge: a methodological contribution.

BACKGROUND: New quantitative methods to collect and analyze data have produced novel findings in ethnobiology. A common application of quantitative methods in ethnobiology is to assess the traditional ecological knowledge of individuals. Few studies have addressed reliability of indices of traditional ecological knowledge constructed with different quantitative methods. METHODS: We assessed the associations among eight indices of traditional ecological knowledge from data collected from 650 native Amazonians. We computed Spearman correlations, Chronbach's alpha, and principal components factor analysis for the eight indices. RESULTS: We found that indices derived from different raw data were weakly correlated (rho<0.5), whereas indices derived from the same raw data were highly correlated (rho>0.5; p < 0.001). We also found a relatively high internal consistency across data from the eight indices (Chronbach's alpha = 0.78). Last, results from a principal components factor analysis of the eight indices suggest that the eight indices were positively related, although the association was low when considering only the first factor. CONCLUSION: A possible explanation for the relatively low correlation between indices derived from different raw data, but relatively high internal consistency of the eight indices is that the methods capture different aspects of an individual's traditional ecological knowledge. To develop a reliable measure of traditional ecological knowledge, researchers should collect raw data using a variety of methods and then generate an aggregated measure that contains data from the various components of traditional ecological knowledge. Failure to do this will hinder cross-cultural comparisons.

Ética, Medio Ambiente y Economia / Ethics, environment and economic

En ciertos escenarios académicos, políticos, sociales y ambientales se declara que el modelo económico dominante o los conceptos que lo integran son responsables de que el bienestar económico implique malestar ecológico.Partiendo de este supuesto, una forma de comprender las causas y de contribuir a la solución de la problemática ambiental es dilucidar en qué términos se viene planteando la relación entre ética (1), medio ambiente(2) y economía. En esta investigación histórico-hermenéutica se analizan planteamientos desarrollados en algunas teorías éticas, económicas y ambientales, para optimizar la relación entre el ser humano y el medio ambiente.PALABRAS CLAVE: ética, ética ambiental o ecológica, medio ambiente, ecología profunda, racionalidad económica, sistema de racionalidades, economía ambiental, economía ecológica, desarrollo sostenible.

Ley de protección y mejoramiento del medio ambiente: decreto 68-86 / Law of protection and improvement of the environment: decree 68-86

Apoyado en la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas, celebrada en Estocolmo, Suecia, en el año de 1972, se crea este decreto en 1986, como un instrumento legal especial, para el cuidado del medio ambiente, a través del cual se pretendía que la planificación del desarrollo nacional sea compatible con la necesidad de proteger, conservar y mejorar el medio ambiente. Algunos de los aspectos mencionados son: contaminación atmosférica, el mantenimiento de la cantidad del agua para el uso humano y otras actividades cuyo empleo sea indispensable, la adecuada protección y explotación de los recursos minerales y combustibles fósiles, así como la contaminación por ruido y visual, entre otros. Lo componen 42 Artículos, 10 artículos de los cuales han sido derogados por el decreto 90-2000.