Effects of different VV ECMO blood flow rates on lung perfusion assessment by hypertonic saline bolus-based electrical impedance tomography.

OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to investigate the effects of different extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) blood flow rates on lung perfusion assessment using the saline bolus-based electrical impedance tomography (EIT) technique in patients on veno-venous (VV) ECMO. METHODS: In this single-centered prospective physiological study, patients on VV ECMO who met the ECMO weaning criteria were assessed for lung perfusion using saline bolus-based EIT at various ECMO blood flow rates (gradually decreased from 4.5 L/min to 3.5 L/min, 2.5 L/min, 1.5 L/min, and finally to 0 L/min). Lung perfusion distribution, dead space, shunt, ventilation/perfusion matching, and recirculation fraction at different flow rates were compared. RESULTS: Fifteen patients were included. As the ECMO blood flow rate decreased from 4.5 L/min to 0 L/min, the recirculation fraction decreased significantly. The main EIT-based findings were as follows. (1) Median lung perfusion significantly increased in region-of-interest (ROI) 2 and the ventral region [38.21 (34.93-42.16)% to 41.29 (35.32-43.75)%, p = 0.003, and 48.86 (45.53-58.96)% to 54.12 (45.07-61.16)%, p = 0.037, respectively], whereas it significantly decreased in ROI 4 and the dorsal region [7.87 (5.42-9.78)% to 6.08 (5.27-9.34)%, p = 0.049, and 51.14 (41.04-54.47)% to 45.88 (38.84-54.93)%, p = 0.037, respectively]. (2) Dead space significantly decreased, and ventilation/perfusion matching significantly increased in both the ventral and global regions. (3) No significant variations were observed in regional and global shunt. CONCLUSIONS: During VV ECMO, the ECMO blood flow rate, closely linked to recirculation fraction, could affect the accuracy of lung perfusion assessment using hypertonic saline bolus-based EIT.

Absolute values of regional ventilation-perfusion mismatch in patients with ARDS monitored by electrical impedance tomography and the role of dead space and shunt compensation.

BACKGROUND: Assessment of regional ventilation/perfusion (V'/Q) mismatch using electrical impedance tomography (EIT) represents a promising advancement for personalized management of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, accuracy is still hindered by the need for invasive monitoring to calibrate ventilation and perfusion. Here, we propose a non-invasive correction that uses only EIT data and characterized patients with more pronounced compensation of V'/Q mismatch. METHODS: We enrolled twenty-one ARDS patients on controlled mechanical ventilation. Cardiac output was measured invasively, and ventilation and perfusion were assessed by EIT. Relative V'/Q maps by EIT were calibrated to absolute values using the minute ventilation to invasive cardiac output (MV/CO) ratio (V'/Q-ABS), left unadjusted (V'/Q-REL), or corrected by MV/CO ratio derived from EIT data (V'/Q-CORR). The ratio between ventilation to dependent regions and perfusion reaching shunted units ( V D ' /QSHUNT) was calculated as an index of more effective hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. The ratio between perfusion to non-dependent regions and ventilation to dead space units (QND/ V DS ' ) was calculated as an index of hypocapnic pneumoconstriction. RESULTS: Our calibration factor correlated with invasive MV/CO (r = 0.65, p < 0.001), showed good accuracy and no apparent bias. Compared to V'/Q-ABS, V'/Q-REL maps overestimated ventilation (p = 0.013) and perfusion (p = 0.002) to low V'/Q units and underestimated ventilation (p = 0.011) and perfusion (p = 0.008) to high V'/Q units. The heterogeneity of ventilation and perfusion reaching different V'/Q compartments was underestimated. V'/Q-CORR maps eliminated all these differences with V'/Q-ABS (p > 0.05). Higher V D ' / Q SHUNT correlated with higher PaO2/FiO2 (r = 0.49, p = 0.025) and lower shunt fraction (ρ = - 0.59, p = 0.005). Higher Q ND / V DS ' correlated with lower PEEP (ρ = - 0.62, p = 0.003) and plateau pressure (ρ = - 0.59, p = 0.005). Lower values of both indexes were associated with less ventilator-free days (p = 0.05 and p = 0.03, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Regional V'/Q maps calibrated with a non-invasive EIT-only method closely approximate the ones obtained with invasive monitoring. Higher efficiency of shunt compensation improves oxygenation while compensation of dead space is less needed at lower airway pressure. Patients with more effective compensation mechanisms could have better outcomes.

Differences of bioelectrical impedance in the development and healing phase of pressure ulcers and erythema in mouse model.

Pressure ulcers (PUs) are economically burdensome medical conditions. Early changes in pressure ulcers are associated with erythema. In this study, bioelectrical impedance was used to measure the differences between PUs and blanchable erythema. We divided 21 ICR mice into three groups: control, 1000 mmHg-1h, and 1000 mmHg-6h. Healthy skin, blanchable erythema, and PUs were induced on the dorsal skin. The results indicated an immediate increase in impedance, resistance, and reactance values in the pressure group after release, followed by a subsequent decrease until two days after release. Compared with the control group, impedance and reactance significantly increased by 30.9% (p < 0.05) and 30.1% (p < 0.01), respectively, in the 6 h-loading group immediately after release. One and two days after release, the 1 h-loading and 6 h-loading groups exhibited significantly different degrees of decline. One day after release, impedance and resistance decreased by 30.2% (p < 0.05) and 19.8% (p < 0.05), respectively, in the 1 h-loading group; while impedance, resistance, and reactance decreased by 39.2% (p < 0.01), 26.8% (p < 0.01), and 45.7% (p < 0.05), respectively, in the 6 h-loading group. Two days after release, in the 1 h-loading group, impedance and resistance decreased by 28.3% (p < 0.05) and 21.7% (p < 0.05), respectively; while in the 6 h-loading group, impedance, resistance, and reactance decreased by 49.8% (p < 0.001), 34.2% (p < 0.001), and 59.8% (p < 0.01), respectively. One and two days after release the pressure group reductions were significantly greater than those in the control group. Additionally, we monitored changes during wound healing. Distinguishing early PUs from blanchable erythema by noninvasive bioelectrical impedance technology may have applications value in early assessment of PUs.

Electrical Impedance Tomography-based Ventilation Patterns in Patients after Major Surgery.

Rationale: General anesthesia and mechanical ventilation have negative impacts on the respiratory system, causing heterogeneous distribution of lung aeration, but little is known about the ventilation patterns of postoperative patients and their association with clinical outcomes. Objectives: To clarify the phenotypes of ventilation patterns along a gravitational direction after surgery by using electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and to evaluate their association with postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) and other relevant clinical outcomes. Methods: Adult postoperative patients at high risk for PPCs, receiving mechanical ventilation on ICU admission (N = 128), were prospectively enrolled between November 18, 2021 and July 18, 2022. PPCs were prospectively scored until hospital discharge, and their association with phenotypes of ventilation patterns was studied. The secondary outcomes were the times to wean from mechanical ventilation and oxygen use and the length of ICU stay. Measurements and Main Results: Three phenotypes of ventilation patterns were revealed by EIT: phenotype 1 (32% [n = 41], a predominance of ventral ventilation), phenotype 2 (41% [n = 52], homogeneous ventilation), and phenotype 3 (27% [n = 35], a predominance of dorsal ventilation). The median PPC score was higher in phenotype 1 and phenotype 3 than in phenotype 2. The median time to wean from mechanical ventilation was longer in phenotype 1 versus phenotype 2. The median duration of ICU stay was longer in phenotype 1 versus phenotype 2. The median time to wean from oxygen use was longer in phenotype 1 and phenotype 3 than in phenotype 2. Conclusions: Inhomogeneous ventilation patterns revealed by EIT on ICU admission were associated with PPCs, delayed weaning from mechanical ventilation and oxygen use, and a longer ICU stay.

Comparación de los métodos de antropometría y bioimpedancia eléctrica a través de la determinación de la composición corporal en estudiantado universitario / Comparison of the Methods of Anthropometry and Electrical Bioimpedance trough the Determination of Body Composition in University Students

Resumen Objetivo: Comparar la composición corporal por antropometría clásica e impedancia bioeléctrica en estudiantado universitario de una universidad peruana. Método: Estudio correlacional, transversal, conformado por 152 estudiantes (77 varones y 75 mujeres) matriculados en el ciclo 2018-II con edad promedio de 20.45 ± 3.63 años. Se calculó para el método de antropometría el índice de masa corporal, mediciones antropométricas y se utilizó la ecuación de Yuhasz (1974) para determinar el porcentaje de grasa corporal, y para el de bioimpedancia eléctrica se utilizó el analizador tetrapolar multifrecuencia de medición segmental directa Inbody 120. Para establecer la correlación se utilizó el coeficiente de Pearson y para la concordancia se utilizó el método gráfico de Bland Altman e índice de estabilidad. Los datos fueron analizados con el programa estadístico IBM SPSS Statistics, versión 27.0. Para todos los análisis se utilizó un nivel de significancia (p<0.05). Resultados: Existe una fuerte correlación estadísticamente significativa (p<0.01y r=0.95) entre los métodos de antropometría y bioimpedancia eléctrica para la determinación del porcentaje de grasa corporal; además, una buena concordancia según el método gráfico de Bland Altman, reforzada con el índice de estabilidad para complemento de la interpretación (IE= 95 %). Conclusiones: Ambos métodos son intercambiables entre sí, por lo que pueden ser usados indistintamente en este tipo de población para determinar el porcentaje de grasa corporal expresado en porcentaje.

Abstract Objective: The aim was to compare the body composition using classical anthropometry and bioelectric impedance in university students of a Peruvian university. Method: a correlational, cross-sectional study with a research sample of 152 students (77 men and 75 women) enrolled in the 2018-II period with an average age of 20.45 ± 3.63 years. The body mass index and anthropometric measurements were calculated for the anthropometric method. The Yuhasz (1974) equation was used to determine the body fat percentage. The electrical bioimpedance method implemented the tetrapolar multi-frequency direct segmental measurement analyzer Inbody 120. Pearson coefficient was used to establish the correlation, and the Bland Altman graphical method and stability index were used for concordance. The data were analyzed using the statistical software application IBM SPSS Statistics, version 27.0. A level of significance (p <0.05) was used for all analyzes. Results: there is a strong statistically significant correlation (p<0.01 and r = 0.95) between the anthropometric and electrical bioimpedance methods to determine body fat percentage. In addition, there is a good agreement according to the Bland Altman graphical method, reinforced by the stability index to complement the interpretation (IE = 95%). Conclusions: Both methods are interchangeable with each other, so they can be used indistinctly in this type of population to determine body fat percentage.

Resumo Objetivo: comparar a composição corporal por antropometria clássica e impedância bioelétrica em estudantes universitários de uma universidade peruana. Método: estudo correlacional, transversal, compreendendo 152 estudantes (77 homens e 75 mulheres) matriculados no ciclo 2018-II, com idade média de 20,45 ± 3,63 anos. Para o método antropométrico, o índice de massa corporal, as medidas antropométricas e a equação de Yuhasz (1974) foram calculados para determinar a porcentagem de gordura corporal; e para o método de bioimpedância elétrica foi usado o analisador tetrapolar multifrequencial com medida segmentar direta Inbody 120. O coeficiente de Pearson foi usado para estabelecer a correlação; o método gráfico Bland Altman e o índice de estabilidade foram usados para a concordância. Os dados foram analisados com o IBM SPSS Statistics, versão 27.0. Um nível de significância (p<0,05) foi usado para todas as análises. Resultados: há uma forte correlação estatística significativa (p<0,01 e r=0,95) entre os métodos de antropometria e bioimpedância elétrica para a determinação da porcentagem de gordura corporal; além disso, uma boa concordância de acordo com o método gráfico Bland Altman, reforçado com o índice de estabilidade para complementar a interpretação (IE= 95%). Conclusões: Ambos os métodos são intercambiáveis entre si, portanto, podem ser utilizados indistintamente nesse tipo de população para determinar a porcentagem de gordura corporal expressa como porcentagem.

Evaluación del ángulo de fase por bioimpedancia vectorial eléctrica en mujeres con cáncer cervicouterino / Phase angle assessment by electrical vector bioimpedance in women with cervical cancer

Introducción: el cáncer cervicouterino es el segundo cáncer más común en las mujeres en el mundo. Se asocia a un índice de masa corporal elevado. Sin embargo, no se ha determinado el ángulo de fase en las mujeres con cáncer cervicouterino. La bioimpedancia vectorial eléctrica está validada para evaluar la composición corporal, el estado nutricional y la integridad de la membrana celular en pacientes con cáncer mediante el ángulo de fase. Objetivo: evaluar el ángulo de fase, la composición corporal por bioimpedancia vectorial eléctrica y el consumo dietético en mujeres con diagnóstico de cáncer cervicouterino usuarias de un hospital de segundo nivel de atención en San Luis Potosí, México. Métodos: estudio observacional, transversal y analítico. Se estudiaron 70 mujeres con diagnóstico de cáncer cervicouterino en el servicio de oncología. Se realizó la medición del ángulo de fase y se aplicó la frecuencia de alimentos del Sistema de Evaluación de Hábitos Nutricionales, así como un cuestionario para medir el nivel socioeconómico. Resultados: el ángulo de fase presentó una media de 4,66° ± 0,87° con un rango de 2,9° a 6,2°. El modelo de regresión lineal múltiple formado para el ángulo de fase como variable dependiente y la evolución del cáncer cervicouterino, el índice de masa corporal, la masa de músculo esquelético, el agua extracelular, la fructosa, los ácidos grasos saturados y los ácidos grasos trans como variables independientes, tuvo un valor de R2 de 0,748 con un valor de p de 0,001. Conclusión: las mujeres con cáncer cervicouterino mostraron daños en la integridad de la membrana celular, con un ángulo de fase menor que el de la población de referencia. (AU)

Introduction: cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women in the world. It is associated with a high body mass index. However, the phase angle has not been determined in women with cervical cancer. Electrical vector bioimpedance has been validated to assess body composition, nutritional status, and cell membrane integrity in cancer patients using phase angle. Objetive: to evaluate phase angle, body composition by electrical vector bioimpedance, and dietary intake in women with cervical diagnosis who are users of a second-level care hospital in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Methods: an observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study. Seventy women with a diagnosis of cervical cancer were studied in the oncology service. Phase angle was measured, and the frequency of food from the Nutritional Habits Assessment System and a questionnaire to measure socioeconomic level were applied. Results: the data of the phase angle in a mean of 4.66° ± 0.87° with a range of 2.9° to 6.2°. In a multiple linear regression model formed for phase angle as a dependent variable, and evolution of the cervical cancer, body mass index, skeletal muscle mass, extracellular water, fructose, saturated fatty acids, and trans fatty acids as independent variables, had an R2 value of 0.748 with a p-value of 0.001. Conclusion: women with cervical cancer have integrity damage of the cell membrane with a lower phase angle than the reference population. (AU)

Efecto del entrenamiento con traje de electroestimulación de cuerpo entero en las adaptaciones neuromusculares en individuos desentrenados - Ensayo clínico aleatorizado, protocolo de estudio / Effect of full body electrostimulation training (WB-EMS) on neuromuscular adaptations in untrained individuals - Randomized clinical trial, study protocol

INTRODUCCIÓN: La electroestimulación es un método de entrenamiento utilizados en el ámbito deportivo que ha demostrado ser efectivo para mejorar manifestaciones de fuerza como la potencia muscular. Actualmente, no se conoce literatura científica en la que se aplique un programa de entrenamiento con traje de electroestimulación. Por ello, este estudio pretende llevar a cabo un programa para ver qué efectos tiene sobre las adaptaciones neuromusculares en sujetos no entrenados. OBJETIVO: estudiar las alteraciones neuronales y musculares que ocurren en el entrenamiento activo de electroestimulación aplicada con traje de cuerpo entero en los músculos extensores de brazos y extensores de la pierna. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizará un estudio controlado aleatorizado entre grupos. El diseño experimental del estudio permitirá analizar las adaptaciones neuromusculares que ocurren con el entrenamiento de electroestimulación aplicada con traje de cuerpo entero y compararlas a las de un entrenamiento de fuerza tradicional. Las variables dependientes medidas serán: actividad electromiografía en test de fuerza isométrica máxima, valor de fuerza máxima, tasa de producción de fuerza, indicadores de adaptación neurales. El programa se llevará a cabo durante 24 sesiones, 2 veces por semana, durante 12 semanas. RESULTADOS ESPERADOS: Se espera conseguir una mayor activación neuromuscular con la combinación de electroestimulación aplicada con traje de cuerpo entero. Independientemente de los resultados obtenidos, sean estos positivos o negativos, el estudio final será publicado

INTRODUCTION: Electrostimulation is a method of training used in sports that has been shown to be effective in improving strength manifestations such muscle power. Currently, there is no known scientific literature in which a training program with electrostimulation suit is applied. Therefore, the aim of this study is to carry out a program to see the effects on neuromuscular adaptations in untrained subjects. OBJECTIVE: to study the neuronal and muscular adaptations that occur in the active electrostimulation training applied with a full body suit on the extensor muscles of the arms and extensors of the leg. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A randomized controlled study between groups. The experimental design of the study will allow us to analyze the neuromuscular adaptations that occur with the electrostimulation training applied with a full body suit and compare them to those of a traditional strength training. The dependent variables measured will be: electromyography activity in maximum isometric force test, maximum force value, force production rate, neural adaptation indicators. The program will be carried out during 24 sessions, twice a week, for 12 weeks. EXPECTED RESULTS: We expect to achieve greater neuromuscular activation with the combination of electrostimulation applied with full body suit. Regardless of the results obtained, the final study will be published

Ângulo de Fase e Estado Nutricional de Crianças em Tratamento Antineoplásico / Phase Angle and Nutritional Status of Children in Antineoplastic Treatment / Ángulo de Fase y Estado Nutricional de los Niños Sometidos a Tratamiento Antineoplásico

Introdução: O câncer infantil gera um grande impacto para a saúde pública. A avaliação da composição corporal pela impedância bioelétrica fornece os valores de ângulo de fase, diretamente relacionados a alterações funcionais na membrana celular e que têm sido usados para avaliar o estado nutricional e o prognóstico. Objetivo: Avaliar a correlação entre o ângulo de fase e os parâmetros do estado nutricional de pacientes oncológicos pediátricos em tratamento. Método: Estudo transversal realizado em um hospital público universitário. O estado nutricional foi verificado por meio das medidas de peso, altura, circunferência do braço, dobra cutânea tricipital, índice de massa corporal e circunferência muscular do braço. O ângulo de fase foi determinado pela impedância bioelétrica. Resultados: Foram incluídos 13 pacientes com média de idade de 103,2±39,7 meses, sendo 61,5% do sexo masculino, com prevalência da leucemia entre os diagnósticos. Constatou-se que a maioria (53,8%) dos pacientes estava em eutrofia. Houve forte correlação do ângulo de fase com os parâmetros de massa magra (r=0,923; p=0,000), massa corporal celular (r=0,911; p=0,000), massa extracelular (r=0,897; p=0,000) e peso corporal (r=0,920; p=0,000). Conclusão: Observaram-se correlações expressivas entre o ângulo de fase e os indicadores antropométricos, reforçando a hipótese de que o ângulo de fase pode antecipar a identificação de alterações na composição corporal, possibilitando uma intervenção nutricional precoce e melhor prognóstico.

Introduction: Child cancer has a major impact on public health. The evaluation of body composition by bioelectric impedance provides the values of phase angle, causally related to functional changes in the cell membrane which have been used to evaluate nutritional status and prognosis. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between phase angle and parameters of the nutritional status of pediatric oncologic patients under treatment. Method: Cross-sectional study performed in a public university hospital. The nutritional status was evaluated by weight, height, arm circumference, triceps skin fold, body mass index and arm muscle circumference. The phase angle was determined by bioelectric impedance. Results: 13 patients were included with a mean age of 103.2±39.7 months, 61.5% males with prevalence of leukemia in the diagnoses. It was found that most (53.8%) of the patients were eutrophic. There was a strong correlation of the phase angle with the parameters of lean mass (r=0.923; p=0.000), cellular body mass (r=0.911; p=0.000), extracellular mass (r=0.897; p=0.000) and body weight (r=0.920; p=0.000). Conclusion: Expressive associations between phase angle and other anthropometric indicators were observed, reinforcing the hypothesis that it can anticipate the identification of changes in body composition, allowing early nutritional intervention and better prognosis.

Introducción: El cáncer infantil tiene un gran impacto en la salud pública. La evaluación de la composición corporal por impedancia bioeléctrica proporciona los valores del ángulo de fase, directamente relacionados con los cambios funcionales de la membrana celular y que se han utilizado para evaluar el estado nutricional y el pronóstico. Objetivo: Evaluar la correlación entre el ángulo de fase y los parámetros del estado nutricional de los pacientes oncológicos pediátricos en tratamiento. Método: Estudio transversal realizado en un hospital universitario público. El estado nutricional se evaluó por peso, altura, circunferencia del brazo, pliegue de la piel del tríceps, índice de masa corporal y circunferencia muscular del brazo. El ángulo de fase fue determinado por la impedancia bioeléctrica. Resultados: Se incluyeron 13 pacientes con una edad media de 103,2±39,7 meses, de los cuales el 61,5% eran hombres con prevalencia de leucemia entre los diagnósticos. Se descubrió que la mayoría (53,8%) de los pacientes eran eutróficos. Hubo una fuerte correlación del ángulo de fase con los parámetros de masa magra (r=0,923; p=0,000), masa corporal celular (r=0,911; p=0,000), masa extracelular (r=0,897; p=0,000) y peso corporal (r=0,920; p=0,000). Conclusión: Se observaron asociaciones expresivas entre el ángulo de fase y otros indicadores antropométricos, lo que refuerza la hipótesis de que puede anticiparse a la identificación de cambios en la composición corporal, lo que permite una intervención nutricional temprana y un mejor pronóstico.

Evaluation of platelet activity by multiple electrode impedance aggregometry in acute coronary syndromes: pilot study in a Brazilian tertiary-care public hospital

There is no definite recommendation for testing platelet aggregation (PA) in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) due to inconclusive evidence on the usefulness of platelet function tests to guide therapy and improve clinical outcomes. The evaluation of PA with multiple electrode impedance platelet aggregometry (MEA) may be useful to manage antiplatelet therapy and possibly influence patient outcome. The primary aim of this study was to measure PA with MEA in Brazilian patients with ACS and evaluate the association between PA and adverse clinical outcomes. Forty-seven consecutive patients admitted with ACS to a Brazilian tertiary-care public hospital were studied and PA was evaluated using MEA. Patients were followed for six months for the occurrence of all-cause death, acute myocardial infarction, or stroke. Suboptimal inhibition of PA was found in 7 patients (14.9%); 5 (10.6%) in response to ASA (acetylsalicylic acid), 2 (5.0%) to clopidogrel, and none to ticagrelor. Inadequate PA inhibition in response to ASA was significantly associated with the composite end point, but there was no significant association for insufficient PA inhibition in response to clopidogrel. This study suggested that the evaluation of PA in ACS using MEA may identify non-responders to ASA. Larger studies are necessary to define, in a public health scenario, the value of MEA in the management of ACS.

Ângulo de Fase e Estado Nutricional em Indivíduos com Câncer Avançado em Cuidados Paliativos / Phase Angle and Nutritional Status in Individuals with Advanced Cancer in Palliative Care / Ángulo de Fase y Estado Nutricional en Individuos con Cáncer Avanzado en Cuidados Paliativos

Introdução: O ângulo de fase (AF) pode estar relacionado ao estado nutricional em indivíduos com câncer. Objetivo: Investigar a correlação entre o AF e o estado nutricional em pacientes com câncer avançado. Método: Estudo transversal com indivíduos de ambos os sexos, idade >20 anos, em seu primeiro atendimento na unidade de cuidados paliativos do Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA). O AF foi avaliado por meio da impedância bioelétrica, sendo considerados como baixos os valores com

Introduction: Phase angle (PA) may be correlated with nutritional status in individuals with cancer. Objective: To investigate the correlation between PA and nutritional status in patients with advanced cancer. Method: Cross-sectional study with individuals of both sexes, aged >20 years, in their first care in the palliative care unit of the National Cancer Institute José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA). The PA was evaluated through bioelectrical impedance, being considered with low the values

Introducción: El ángulo de fase (AF) puede estar relacionado con el estado nutricional en individuos con cáncer. Objetivo: Investigar la correlación entre el AF y el estado nutricional en pacientes con cáncer avanzado. Métodos: Estudio transversal con individuos de ambos sexos, edad >20 años, en su primera atención en la unidad de cuidados paliativos del Instituto Nacional de Cáncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA). El AF fue evaluado por medio de la impedencia bioeléctrica, siendo considerados como bajos los valores

The role of bioelectrical impedance analysis, NT-ProBNP and inferior vena cava sonography in the assessment of body fluid volume in children with nephrotic syndrome / El papel del análisis de impedancia bioeléctrica, la NT-proBNP y la ecografía de vena cava inferior en la evaluación del volumen de líquidos corporales en niños con síndrome nefrótico

Background: Assessment of volume status and differentiating ’underfill ’ and ’overfill ’ edema is essential in the management of patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS). Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate the volume status of NS patients by using different methods and to investigate the utility of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in children with NS. Methods: The hydration status of 19 patients with NS (before treatment of NS and at remission) and 25 healthy controls was assessed by multifrequency BIA, serum N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter, left atrium diameter (LAD) and vasoactive hormones. Results: Renin, aldosterone levels, IVC diameter and LAD were not statistically different between the groups. NT-proBNP values were statistically higher in the attack period compared to remission and the control group (p=0.005 for each). Total body water (TBW), overhydration (OH) and extracellular water (ECW) estimated by the BIA measurement in the attack group was significantly higher than that of the remission group and controls. There were no significant correlations among volume indicators in group I and group II. However, significant correlations were observed between NT-proBNP and TBW/BSA (p=0.008), ECW/BSA (p=0.003) and ECW/ICW (p=0.023) in the healthy group. TBW was found to be higher in patients with NS in association with increased ECW but without any change in ICW. NT-proBNP values were higher in patients during acute attack than during remission. Conclusions: Our findings support the lack of hypovolaemia in NS during acute attack. In addition, BIA is an easy-to-perform method for use in routine clinical practice to determine hydration status in patients with NS (AU)

Antecedentes: La evaluación del estado volumétrico y la diferenciación entre edema «por sobrellenado» y «por infrallenado» es fundamental en el manejo de los pacientes con síndrome nefrótico (SN). Objetivos: Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar el estado volumétrico de los pacientes con SN mediante el uso de diversos métodos y estudiar la utilidad del análisis de impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA) en niños con SN. Métodos: Se evaluó el estado de hidratación de 19 pacientes con SN (antes del tratamiento y en la remisión) y de 25 controles sanos mediante BIA multifrecuencia, valores plasmáticos de la fracción N-terminal del péptido natriurético cerebral (NT-proBNP), diámetro de la vena cava inferior, diámetro de la aurícula izquierda y hormonas vasoactivas. Resultados: La renina, los niveles de aldosterona, el diámetro de la vena cava inferior y el de la aurícula izquierda no fueron estadísticamente diferentes entre los grupos. Los valores de la NT-proBNP fueron estadísticamente más altos en el período de crisis que en el momento de remisión y que en el grupo de control (p=0,005 en cada uno). El agua total corporal (TBW), la hiperhidratación y el agua extracelular (ECW) estimada mediante la medición del BIA en el grupo de crisis fue considerablemente mayor que la del grupo de remisión y los controles. No hubo correlaciones importantes entre los indicadores de volumen en el grupo I y en el grupo II. Sin embargo, se observaron correlaciones considerables entre NT-proBNP y TBW/BSA (p=0,008), ECW/BSA (p=0,003) y ECW/ICW (p=0,023) en el grupo sano. Se encontró que TBW fue mayor en los pacientes con SN relacionado con el aumento de ECW, pero sin ningún cambio en ICW. Los valores de la NT-proBNP fueron más altos en los pacientes durante la crisis aguda que durante la remisión. Conclusiones: Nuestros hallazgos apoyan la falta de hipovolemia en el SN durante la crisis aguda. Además, BIA es un método fácil de utilizar en la práctica clínica habitual para determinar el estado de hidratación en pacientes con SN (AU)

Relación de la variante rs1800777 del gen CETP (proteína transportadora de ésteres de colesterol) con la masa grasa y HDL colesterol, en sujetos obesos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Relation of variant rs180077 of gen cholesterol ester transfer protein variant, with fat mass, HDL-cholesterol in obese subjects with diabetes mellitus type 2

Antecedentes: existe poca evidencia sobre el papel de los polimorfismos de CETP en sujetos obesos diabéticos. Objetivos: evaluar la asociación del polimorfismo (rs1800777) del gen CETP sobre parámetros antropométricos, perfil lipídico y adipocitoquinas en pacientes obesos con diabetes mellitus. Material y métodos: un total de 229 obesos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 fueron reclutados. Una impedancia bioeléctrica, la presión arterial, ingesta dietética, ejercicio y bioquímica fueron analizados. Resultados: un total de 217 pacientes (94,8%) presentaron el genotipo GG y 12 pacientes GA (5,2%) (no se detectó el genotipo AA). El peso (delta: 14,4 ± 2,1 kg, p = 0,01), índice de masa corporal (delta: 2,2 ± 1,1 kg/m2, p = 0,01), masa grasa (delta: 11,2 ± 3,1 kg, p = 0,02), circunferencia de la cintura (delta: 3,9 ± 2,0 cm, p = 0,02), índice cintura-cadera (delta: 0,04 ± 0,02 cm; p = 0,01), triglicéridos (delta: 48,6 ± 9,1 mg / dl, p = 0,03) y leptina (delta: 58,6 ± 15,9 mg/dl, p = 0,02) fueron superiores en los pacientes con el alelo A que en los no portadores del alelo A. El HDL-colesterol fue menor en los portadores de alelo A que los no portadores (delta: 5,6 ± 1,1 mg/dl, p = 0,03). Manteniéndose las diferencias en los análisis multivariantes en los niveles de HDL colesterol, masa grasa y peso. Conclusión: nuestros resultados muestran una asociación del polimorfismo en posición +82 del gen CETP sobre los niveles de HDL colesterol, y parámetros de adiposidad en pacientes obesos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (AU)

Background: There is few evidence of cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) in subjects with obesity and diabetes mellitus. Objectives: We examined the association of the polymorphism (rs1800777) of CETP gene on anthropometric parameters, lipid profile and adipokines in subjects with obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2. Material and methods: A population of 229 obese subjects with diabetes mellitus type 2 was enrolled. An electrical bioimpedance, blood pressure, dietary intake, exercise and biochemical analyses were recorded. Results: Two hundred and seventeen subjects (94.8%) had genotype GG and 12 GA (5.2%) (genotype AA was not detected). Weight (delta: 14.4 ± 2.1 kg, p = 0.01), body mass index (delta: 2.2 ± 1.1 kg/m2, p = 0.01), fat mass (delta: 11.2 ± 3.1 kg, p = 0.02), waist circumference (delta: 3.9 ± 2.0 cm, p = 0.02), waist to hip ratio (delta: 0.04 ± 0.02 cm; p = 0.01), tryglicerides (delta: 48.6 ± 9.1 mg / dl, p = 0.03) and leptin levels (delta: 58.6 ± 15.9 mg/dl, p = 0.02) were higher in A allele carriers than non A allele carriers. Levels of HDL-cholesterol were lower in A allele carriers than non-carriers (delta: 5.6 ± 1.1 mg/dl, p = 0.03). In regression analysis, HDl cholesterol, weight and fat mass remained in the model with the SNP. Conclusion: Our results show an association of this CETP variant at position +82 on HDL cholesterol, levels and adiposity parameters in obese subjects with diabetes mellitus type 2 (AU)

Polymorphism rs3123554 in the cannabinoid receptor gene type 2 (CNR2) reveals effects on body weight and insulin resistance in obese subjects / El polimorfismo rs3123554 en el gen receptor canabinoide tipo 2 (CNR2) se relaciona con el peso corporal y la resistencia a la insulina en obesos

Background: Few studies assessing the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms in CNR2 and obesity or its related metabolic parameters are available. Objective: To investigate the influence of polymorphism rs3123554 in the CNR2 receptor gene on obesity anthropometric parameters, insulin resistance, and adipokines in subjects with obesity. Design: The study population consisted of 1027 obese subjects, who were performed bioelectrical impedance analyses, blood pressure measurements, serial assessments of dietary intake during three days, and biochemical tests. Results: Genotypes GG, GA, and AA were found in 339 (33.0%), 467 (45.5%), and 221 (21.5%) respectively. Body mass index, weight, fat mass, waist circumference, insulin, HOMA-IR, and triglyceride and leptin levels were higher in A-allele carriers as compared to non A-allele carriers. No differences were seen in these parameters between the GA and AA genotypes. There were no statistical differences in dietary intake. Conclusion: The main study finding was the association of the minor allele of the SNP rs3123554 in the CNR2 gene with body weight and triglyceride, HOMA-IR, insulin, and leptin levels (AU)

Antecedentes: Existen pocos estudios que evalúen la relación entre los polimorfismos de un único nucleótidode CNR2 y la obesidad o sus parámetros metabólicos. Objetivo: El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue investigar la influencia del polimorfismo rs3123554 del gen del receptor CNR2 sobre los parámetros antropométricos de la obesidad, la resistencia a la insulina y las adipocitocinas en sujetos con obesidad. Diseño: Se analizó una población de 1.027 sujetos obesos. Se determinó la masa grasa con bioimpedancia eléctrica, se midió la presión arterial, se evaluó la ingesta nutricional durante 3 días y se realizó un análisis bioquímico. Resultados: Del total, 339 pacientes (33,0%) tuvieron el genotipo GG, 467 pacientes GA (45,5%) y 221 pacientes AA (21,5%). El índice de masa corporal, peso, masa grasa, circunferencia de cintura, insulina, HOMA-IR, triglicéridos y niveles de leptina fueron mayores en los portadores de alelo A que en los no portadores. No se detectaron diferencias en estos parámetros entre los genotipos GA y AA. No se detectaron diferencias estadísticas en la ingesta dietética. Conclusión: El principal hallazgo de este estudio es la asociación del alelo menor (A) de rs3123554 SNP del gen CNR2 con el peso corporal y los triglicéridos, HOMA-IR, la insulina y los niveles de leptina (AU)

Dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQs) is associated with bone mass assessed by calcaneal quantitative ultrasound in young women / El índice de calidad antioxidante de la dieta (DAQS) está asociado con la masa ósea evaluada mediante ultrasonido cuantitativo en el calcáneo en mujeres jóvenes

Introduction: Evidence suggests that intake of antioxidants could positively influence bone mass by preventing bone metabolism against oxidative stress. Objective: We aimed to investigate the possible influence of single antioxidant intakes and dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQs) on calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in a population of young adults. Methods: A total of 605 young Spanish adults participated in this study (median age 20.38 ± 2.67). Bone mass was measured by calcaneal QUS to determine broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA, dB/MHz) parameter. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis and dietary intakes were determined using a 72-hour diet recall interview. DAQs was applied to calculate antioxidant nutrients intake. Linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the possible influence of DAQs on calcaneal QUS. Results: Most of young adults showed a low-quality antioxidant intake (only 17.6% of women and 20.3% of men had a score of 4 or 5 in DAQs). A positive correlation between DAQs and BUA was observed in women (r = 0.117; p = 0.024). Linear regression analysis revealed that DAQs was significantly associated with BUA parameter in women after adjusting by body weight, height, calcium intake and physical activity (PA) (p = 0.035). No significant associations between single antioxidant and calcaneus QUS measurement were found. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that high-quality antioxidant intakes could influence bone health in young women. Future studies should further investigate the protective role of antioxidant nutrients against osteoporosis (AU)

Introducción: la evidencia sugiere que la ingesta de antioxidantes podría influir positivamente en la masa ósea mediante la prevención contra el estrés oxidativo del metabolismo óseo. Objetivo: el objetivo fue investigar la posible influencia del consumo de antioxidantes y del índice de calidad antioxidante de la dieta (DAQs) en la masa ósea, evaluada mediante ultrasonido cuantitativo (QUS) en el calcáneo en una población de adultos jóvenes. Métodos: un total de 605 adultos jóvenes españoles participaron en este estudio (mediana 20,38 ± 2,67 años). La masa ósea se evaluó mediante QUS en el calcáneo para determinar el parámetro de atenuación de ultrasonido de banda ancha (BUA, dB/MHz). La composición corporal se determinó mediante bioimpedancia eléctrica y la ingesta dietética se determinó a través del recordatorio de 72 horas. El DAQs se aplicó para calcular la ingesta total de nutrientes antioxidantes. Se realizaron análisis de regresión lineal para investigar la posible influencia del DAQs en QUS en el calcáneo. Resultados: la mayoría de los adultos jóvenes mostraron una ingesta de antioxidantes de baja calidad (solo el 17,6% de las mujeres y el 20,3% de los hombres presentaron una puntuación de 4 o 5 en DAQs). Se observó una correlación positiva entre el DAQs y el BUA en las mujeres (r = 0,117; p = 0,024). El análisis de regresión lineal reveló que el DAQs se asociaba significativamente con el parámetro BUA en las mujeres después de ajustar por peso corporal, altura, ingesta de calcio y actividad física (p = 0,035). No se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre la ingesta de antioxidantes individuales y QUS en el calcáneo. Conclusión: nuestros resultados sugieren que una ingesta de antioxidantes de alta calidad podría infl uir en la salud ósea en mujeres jóvenes. Futuros estudios deben profundizar en el papel protector de los nutrientes antioxidantes contra la osteoporosis (AU)

Cambios de la composición corporal tras un periodo de desentrenamiento deportivo / Body composition changes after sport detraining period

Introducción: la influencia del ejercicio físico en sujetos entrenados tiene efectos beneficiosos en la condición física y la composición corporal. Sin embargo, el desentrenamiento tiene un efecto desfavorable en todas ellas. Objetivo: el propósito del estudio fue analizar los cambios de la composición corporal después de un periodo de desentrenamiento de seis semanas de duración en dos grupos: uno de 43 jóvenes varones jugadores de fútbol (grupo experimental [GE], n = 43), y un grupo control de escolares no activos de la misma edad (grupo control [GC], n = 10). Métodos: las variables de composición corporal fueron evaluadas mediante antropometría, para estimar la masa grasa (MG) y la masa muscular esquelética (MME), y mediciones de bioimpedancia eléctrica, para estimar agua corporal total (ACT), agua extra (AEC) e intracelular (AIC). Las mediciones se realizaron tanto en situación de entrenamiento como de desentrenamiento. Resultados: tras el desentrenamiento, se encontraron diferencias significativas en el ACT (35,5 ± 5,2 vs. 36,7 ± 4,9 kg), el AIC (14,2 ± 1,8 vs. 14,8 ± 1,6 kg) y el AEC (21,5 ± 3,6 vs. 22,0 ± 3,4 kg, p < 0,001 para todas las variables), sin existir diferencias en los ratios AEC/ACT (0,4 ± 0,02 vs. 0,4 ± 0,02) y AIC/ACT (0,6 ± 0,02 vs. 0,597 ± 0,02, ambos p > 0,05). La MG aumentó significativamente (8,6 ± 3,2 vs. 8.95 ± 3,1 kg, p < 0,01); sin embargo, la MME no sufrió modificaciones (21,2 ± 2,5 vs. 22,22 ± 2,8 kg, p > 0,05) Conclusiones: el principal resultado de este estudio fue que en un periodo de desentrenamiento de seis semanas se observaron aumentos del ACT y de su distribución en el grupo de jóvenes futbolistas. La importancia fisiológica de esta desadaptación en el rendimiento deportivo tiene que ser analizada en futuros estudios (AU)

Introduction: The influence of exercise in trained subjects has beneficial effects in the physical fitness and body composition; however, detraining has an unfavorable effect in all of them. Objective: The current study was designed to ascertain the influence of a six week-detraining period on body composition in both well-trained young soccer players (GE, n = 43) and sedentary male adolescents (GC, n = 10). Methods: Forty-three well-trained soccer players and ten sedentary adolescents accepted to participate in the study. Body composition measurements included fat mass and skeletal muscle mass (SMM), which were estimated by anthropometry. In addition, total body water (TBW), intracellular water (ICW) and extracellular water (ECW) were assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) at the end of training and after detraining periods. Results: After the six-week-detraining period, significant increments were found in TBW (35.5 ± 5.2 vs. 36.7 ± 4.9 kg; p < 0.001), ICW (14.2 ± 1.8 vs. 14.8 ± 1.6 kg; p < 0.001) and ECW (21.5 ± 3.6 vs. 22.0 ± 3.4 kg; p < 0.001) in soccer players. Conversely, no changes were observed in ECW/TBW (0.4 ± 0.02 vs. 0.4 ± 0.02; p > 0.05) and ICW/TBW (0.6 ± 0.02 vs. 0.597 ± 0.02; p > 0.05) ratios. Finally, fat mass was significantly increased (8.6 ± 3.2 vs. 8.95 ± 3.1 kg; p < 0.01) in the detrained group. No significant changes were found in SMM (21.2 ± 2.5 vs. 22.22 ± 2.8 kg, p > 0.05). Conclusions: After a six-week detraining period, body composition changed significantly in well-trained adolescents. The main finding of this study was that increments of TBW and water distribution were observed in the soccer group, which reflects an increase of fat free mass compartment. The physiological importance of this miss-adaptation needs to be elucidated in future research. Further studies on this topic are still required to assess its impact on physical performance (AU)

Sensibilidad y especificidad de la adiposidad abdominal con el síndrome metabólico en ancianos / Sensitivity and specificity of abdominal adiposity with metabolic syndrome in the elderly

Objetivo. Se ha reconocido que la adiposidad abdominal está asociada a factores de riesgo cardiovascular, intolerancia a la glucosa, hipertensión y dislipidemia. El objetivo ha sido evaluar la relación de la grasa de tronco y del índice de grasa visceral, con el síndrome metabólico (SM) en sujetos ancianos. Métodos. Participaron, 208 sujetos (130 mujeres y 78 varones) con una edad media de 82,5 años. Se tomaron medidas de obesidad abdominal por antropometría y bioimpedancia. Se realizaron curvas ROC para evaluar la capacidad diagnóstica con respecto al SM. Resultados. Existen diferencias entre sexos en el índice de masa corporal, índice cintura cadera, perímetro abdominal, grasa de tronco y grasa visceral (p<0,05). También se encuentran diferencias de los parámetros antropométricos y de bioimpedancia entre sujetos con y sin SM (p<0,05) y solo existen diferencias en la glucosa, los triglicéridos y colesterol HDL (p<0,05). Se encuentran correlaciones significativas entre la mayor parte de medidas antropométricas y de bioimpedancia abdominal (p<0,05). Las áreas bajo la curva (ABC) del índice cintura altura, perímetro abdominal, diámetro sagital abdominal y grasa de tronco son mayores a 0,8 (todas, p< 0,01) y en mujeres no superan valores de 0,65. Los puntos de corte obtenidos son 26,81 y 23,53kg/m2 para índice de masa corporal, 102 y 91cm para el perímetro abdominal, 22,1 y 20,7cm de diámetro sagital abdominal, 34 y 43,7% de grasa de tronco y 17 y 11,5 de índice de grasa visceral en hombres y mujeres respectivamente. Conclusiones. Existen diferentes niveles de capacidad predictiva del SM, según el género. La grasa de tronco y el índice de grasa visceral presentan una mayor capacidad predictiva del SM en hombres que en mujeres (AU)

Objectives. It is recognised that abdominal adiposity is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, such as intolerance to glucose, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. The objective of the present study was to assess the relationship of trunk fat and visceral fat index, obtained by anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance, with metabolic syndrome (SM) in an elderly population. Methods. The study included 208 subjects (78 men and 130 women) with a mean age of 82.5 years. Abdominal obesity was assessed by anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance. ROC curves were calculated in order to assess the ability of these variables to diagnose metabolic syndrome. Results. There are differences between men and women in body mass index, waist to height ratio, waist circumference, and bioelectrical impedance measurements as trunk fat and visceral fat (p<.05). Also, found differences in anthropometric indices and variables and abdominal bioelectrical impedance between subjects with and without SM (p<.05) and only exist differences in blood glucose, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol (p<.05). There are significant correlations between anthropometric variables and abdominal bioelectrical impedance (p<.05). Areas under the curve (AUC) of waist to height index, waist circumference, sagittal abdominal diameter, and trunk fat were greater than 0.8 (all p<.01), and in women did not exceed values of 0.65. The cut-off points obtained for BMI were 26.81 and 23.53kg/m2, 102 and 91cm for waist circumference, 22.1 and 20.7cm for sagittal abdominal diameter, 34% and 43.7% for trunk fat, and 17 and 11.5 for visceral fat ratio in men and women, respectively. Conclusions. There are different levels of predictive ability for metabolic syndrome according to gender. Trunk fat and visceral fat index and anthropometric measures have higher predictive ability for metabolic syndrome in men than in women (AU)

Evaluación de un modelo de capacitación preclínica en el uso de los localizadores electrónicos del foramen, por alumnos de grado de endodoncia / Evaluation of a preclinical training model of undergraduatestudents in the use of electronic foramen locatorsin endodontics

Objetivo: evaluar la capacitación y los resultados del uso de localizadores del foramen en un curso preclínico destinado a alumnos de grado de la Escuela de Odontología de la Universidad del Salvador / AsociaciónOdontológica Argentina, entre 2005 y 2016. Materiales y métodos: Se emplearon 2053 incisivos, caninos y premolares inferiores y superiores humanos extraídos. Los dientes se montaron de modo tal que sus raí-ces quedasen sumergidas en una solución salina, utilizando dos métodos: a) tubos de plástico, b) modelos que simulan la arcada dentaria. Se realizaron los accesos coronarios al conducto radicular de forma convencional y se prepararonlos tercios cervical y medio. Para determinar la longitud de trabajo, se introdujo una lima tipo K de calibre acorde con el conducto radicular, ajustando en ella el terminal del localizador electrónico del foramen. El terminal labial se sumergió en la misma solución salina en que se encontraban las raíces dentarias. En la mayoría de los dientes se empleó, parala determinación, la técnica de ingreso, y en los restantes, la de regreso. El nivel de penetración se estableció con la señal lumínica y/o sonora de 0,5. Se ajustó el tope del instrumento al borde de referencia y se obtuvo una imagen radiográfica periapical del diente evaluado. Se retiró el instrumento del conducto radicular y se midió desde su punta hasta el tope respectivo. Las medidas obtenidas con los localizadores electrónicos del foramen se compararon con las conductometrías radiográficas, considerando una tolerancia de 0,5 mm. Para la evaluación estadística, se tomó en cuenta el cálculo de intervalo deconfianza (95 por ciento) realizado a partir de la distribución binomial.Resultados: De los 2053 dientes en los cuales se determinó la longitud de trabajo, 1743 (84,9 por ciento) fueron consideradas medidas correctas, y 310 (15,1 por ciento), incorrectas...

Aim: To assess the training process and results of the useof electronic apex locators in an Aim: To assess the training process and results of the useof electronic apex locators in an undergraduate preclinicalcourse for students from the University del Salvador / AsociaciónOdontológica Argentina between 2005 and 2016.Materials and methods: Two thousand fifty threeextracted human incisors, canines, maxillary and mandibularbicuspid teeth were used. The teeth were mounted withthe roots submerged in saline solution using two methods: a) plastic tubes, b) models simulating the dental arch. Conventionalcoronal access to the root canal was performedand the cervical and middle portions of the root canal wereflared. To determine the working length a K-file with a caliberaccording to the root canal was selected for each tooth andintroduced in the root canal with the clip adjusted in the file.The labial clip was immersed in the model saline solution. Inthe majority of the teeth the advanced and withdrawal techniquewas employed. The level of penetration was establishedusing the light and/or the acoustic signal at 0.5. Then, the rubberstop was adjusted to the reference line and a radiographwas obtained. The instrument was removed and measuredfrom its tip to the rubber stop. The measurements obtainedwith the electronic apex locators were compared with thoseobtained from the X rays considering a tolerance of 0.5 mm.For the statistical evaluation, 95% confidence intervals werecalculated using the binomial distribution.Results: Out of 2053 teeth in which the working lengthwas determined, 1743 (84.9%) were considered correct measurementsand 310 (15.1%) incorrects...

BMI, BMIfat, BAI or BAIFels - Which is the best adiposity index for the detection of excess weight? / Índice de masa corporal (IMC), IMC ajustado a la grasa, índice de adiposidad (IA) e IA ajustado (BaIFels). ¿Cuál es el mejor índice de adiposidad para detectar el exceso de peso?

Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance of adiposity indeces body mass index (BMI), body mass index adjusted for fat mass (BMIfat), body adiposity index (BAI) and body adiposity index for the Fels Longitudinal Study sample (BAIFels) and the overweight detection in a sample of the Brazilian population. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 501 individuals (female/male = 387/114), which underwent anthropometric measurements and body composition for subsequent calculation of adiposity indices. Statistical analyzes considered p < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: The averages were: age of 46.94 ± 14.22 years and 48.05 ± 14.40 years, weight 79.5 ± 16, 14 kg and 70.42 ± 16,62 kg, height 172.86 ± 7.6 cm and 159.0 ± 7,35 cm, for men and women, respectively. According to the eutrophic ratings and overweight, the BMIfat ranked 40.3% and 34.0% for men and 21.7% and 65.0% for females, respectively. While the BAI held 47.7% and 62.3% for men and 65.6% and 34.4% for women, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of BMIfat was clearly superior to all other indexes for both men (93.1%) and women (97.8%), respectively. Conclusion: Findings suggest that BMIfat is the index that has better relationship with the prediction of body fat, BAI did not exceed the limitations of BMI. Future studies should seek to expand this study by adopting the gold standard methods such as DXA and it is necessary to extend the investigation of the validity of adiposity indices to different ethnic groups (AU)

Objetivo: comparar el rendimiento diagnóstico de índices de adiposidad: índice de masa corporal (IMC), índice de masa corporal ajustado para la masa grasa (BMIfat), índice de adiposidad corporal (BAI) y el índice de adiposidad corporal para la muestra Fels Longitudinal Study (BAIFels) para detectar en una muestra de la población brasileña. Métodos: estudio transversal con 501 individuos (mujeres/hombres = 387/114), que se sometieron a mediciones antropométricas y de composición corporal para el posterior cálculo de los índices de adiposidad. Se consideró p < 0,05 como estadísticamente significativo. Resultados: los promedios fueron para hombres y mujeres, respectivamente: edad de 46,94 ± 14,22 años y 48,05 ± 14,40 años, peso 79,5 ± 16, 14 kg y 70,42 ± 16,62 kg, altura de 172,86 ± 7,6 cm y 159,0 ± 7,35 cm. De acuerdo con las clasificaciones eutróficos y con sobrepeso, el BMIfat varió entre el 40,3% y el 34,0% en varones y el 21,7% y el 65,0% para las mujeres, respectivamente. Mientras que el BAI estuvo entre el 47,7% y el 62,3% para los hombres y 65,6% y 34,4% para las mujeres, respectivamente. La curva de características operativas del receptor (ROC) de BMIfat fue claramente superior a todos los demás índices, tanto para los hombres (93,1%) como para las mujeres (97,8%). Conclusión: los resultados sugieren que BMIfat es el índice que tiene mejor relación con la predicción de la grasa corporal. El BAI no superó las limitaciones del índice de masa corporal. Los estudios futuros deben tratar de desarrollar este estudio mediante la adopción de los métodos estándar de oro como DXA; es necesario ampliar la investigación de la validez de los índices de adiposidad en diferentes grupos étnicos (AU)