Republished: Competitive flow diversion of multiple P1 aneurysms: proposed classification.

We report the case of a patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage and three aneurysms arising from the posterior communicating artery (Pcomm)-P1 complex, treated with endovascular coiling and competitive flow diversion. The largest and likely ruptured Pcomm aneurysm was treated with traditional coiling. Two smaller potentially ruptured aneurysms arose from the distal right posterior cerebral artery (PCA) P1 segment. After a failed attempt to treat with conventional flow diversion across the PCA-P1 segment, the P1 aneurysms were successfully treated with competitive flow diversion distal to the PCA-P1 segment from Pcomm to the P2 segment. Over 12 months, competitive flow diversion redirected flow to the right PCA territory via the internal carotid artery-Pcomm-P2, reducing the size of the PCA-P1 segment and obliterating the P1 aneurysms. Competitive flow diversion treatment should be considered for aneurysms occurring at the circle of Willis when traditional methods are not feasible. Herein, we introduce a novel classification for competitive flow diversion treatment.

Comparison of postsurgical clinical sequences between completely embolized and incompletely embolized patients with wide nicked intracranial aneurysms treated with stent assisted coil embolization technique: A STROBE-compliant study.

The technique of stent-assisted coil embolization has been widely used in the clinic, while its efficacy and safety have yet to be evaluated. This study investigates the values of computed tomography angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in evaluating the Enterprise stent-assisted coil embolization in the treatment of intracranial wide-necked aneurysm.A total of 578 intracranial wide-necked aneurysm patients confirmed by MRA + CTA + DSA examinations were included and treated with Enterprise stent-assisted coil embolization in this study. All patients were assigned into complete embolization (CE) group and incomplete embolization (IE) group according to the results of postoperative MRA + CTA + DSA examinations and Raymond grades. Hunt-Hess grades, incidence of complication and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) grades of patients were investigated to assess the therapeutic effect of Enterprise stent-assisted coil embolization in intracranial wide-necked treatment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess risk factors for the therapeutic effect of Enterprise stent-assisted coil embolization in intracranial wide-necked aneurysm.CTA images offered a better and clearer view than MRA and DSA images in both the CE and IE groups. Both the sensitivity and specificity of CTA were apparently higher than those of MRA. Patients in the CE group enjoyed a higher good GOS rate but a lower incidence of complication than those in the IE group. In Enterprise stent-assisted coil embolization treatment, the Hunt-Hess grade, hypertension, and size of artery aneurysm were independent factors affecting the therapeutic effect of Enterprise stent-assisted coil embolization in intracranial wide-necked aneurysm.Compared with MRA, CTA shows a higher value in evaluating the therapeutic effect of Enterprise stent-assisted coil embolization for the treatment of intracranial wide-necked aneurysm, and can thus serve as an important means of predicting the therapeutic effect of endovascular intervention in treating patients with intracranial wide-necked aneurysm.

Medical Devices; Gastroenterology-Urology Devices; Classification of the Prostatic Artery Embolization Device. Final order.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or we) is classifying the prostatic artery embolization device into class II (special controls). The special controls that apply to the device type are identified in this order and will be part of the codified language for the prostatic artery embolization device's classification. We are taking this action because we have determined that classifying the device into class II (special controls) will provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of the device. We believe this action will also enhance patients' access to beneficial innovative devices, in part by reducing regulatory burdens.

Transvenous Coil Embolization of Cavernous Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistula on a Revised Classification.

BACKGROUND: Transvenous coil embolization is an effective method to manage cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas (CSDAVFs). However, some CSDAVFs may be associated with complex angioarchitecture, leading to difficult access. In this article we report our experience with coil embolization of CSDAVFs. METHODS: Over a 5-year period, 70 patients (24 men and 46 women; mean age, 60 years) underwent coil embolization of a total of 73 CSDAVFs at our institution. We retrospectively analyzed and categorized the CSDAVFs based on a revised classification scheme as proliferative type (PT), restrictive type (RT), or late restrictive type (LRT). Outcomes of embolization in each type were evaluated. RESULTS: Pial vein reflux was seen in 2 PT (10%), 10 RT (37%), and 15 LRT (60%) CSDAVFs (P = 0.005). Para-CS fistula components were found in 12 PT (57%), 1 RT (4%), and 0 LRT CSDAVFs. Mean coil length occlusion was 432 cm for PT, 275 cm for RT, and 106 cm for LRT (P < 0.001). Immediate cure was achieved in 12 PT (57%), 23 RT (85%), and 20 LRT (95%) (P = 0.001). No major periprocedural complications were associated with any CSDAVFs. The mean duration of clinical follow-up was 17 months. CONCLUSIONS: Embolization outcomes may depend on the type of CSDAVF. The PT fistulas needed longer coils to achieve better angiographic outcomes. Some LRT fistulas may be difficult to access, and less coil utilization may lead to total fistula occlusion.

Validation of the Modified Raymond-Roy classification for intracranial aneurysms treated with coil embolization.

BACKGROUND: The Raymond-Roy Occlusion Classification (RROC) qualitatively assesses intracranial aneurysm occlusion following endovascular coil embolization. The Modified Raymond-Roy Classification (MRRC) was developed as a refinement of this classification scheme, and dichotomizes RROC III occlusions into IIIa (opacification within the interstices of the coil mass) and IIIb (opacification between the coil mass and aneurysm wall) closures. METHODS: To demonstrate in an external cohort the predictive accuracy of the MRRC, the records of 326 patients with 345 intracranial aneurysms treated with endovascular coil embolization from January 2007 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Within this cohort, 84 (24.3%) and 83 aneurysms (24.1%) had MRRC IIIa and IIIb closures, respectively, during initial coil embolization. Progression to complete occlusion was more likely with IIIa than IIIb closures (53.6% vs 19.2%, p≤0.01), while recanalization was more likely with IIIb than IIIa closures (65.1% vs 27.4%, p<0.01). Kaplan-Meier estimates demonstrated a significant difference in the test of equality for progression to complete occlusion (p=0.02) and recurrence (p<0.01) between class IIIa and IIIb distributions. For the entire cohort, male gender (p<0.01), ruptured aneurysm (p=0.04), intraluminal thrombus (p<0.01), and MRRC IIIb closure (p<0.01) were identified as predictors of recanalization. For aneurysms with an initial RROC III occlusion, MRRC IIIa closure was found to be an independent predictor of progression to complete occlusion (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that the MRRC enhances the predictive accuracy of the RROC.

Embolia de shunt carotídeo temporário para a artéria poplítea / Temporary carotid shunt embolism for popliteal artery

O deslocamento de um shunt para um ramo arterial mais distal, percorrendo um longo trajeto, é uma complicação rara. A ultrassonografia vascular pode se apresentar como uma excelente modalidade diagnóstica para identificar o sítio de embolização de corpos estranhos intravasculares. Os autores relatam um caso raro de migração de um shunt temporário, implantado na carótida comum esquerda, para artéria poplítea esquerda. Descrevem, ainda, a utilização do ecocolor doppler arterial que, além de localizar o ponto de embolização, com uma dermatografia exata, foi fundamental para que a abordagem cirúrgica transcorresse com facilidade através de uma via de acesso restrita e precisa.

The displacement of a shunt to a more distal arterial branch, along a path, is a rare complication. Vascular ultrasound can be presented as an excellent diagnostic modality for identifying the site of embolization of intravascular foreign bodies. The authors report a rare case of temporary shunt migration, implanted in the left common carotid artery, to left popliteal artery. The authors also describe the use of arterial vascular ultrasound to find the point of embolization, with an exact dermatography, that was essential to an easily surgical approach through a restrict and precise access way.

Cardiovascular and neurological devices; reclassification of two embolization devices. Final rule.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a final rule to reclassify two embolization device types from class III (premarket approval) into class II (special controls). The agency is also changing the names and revising the identifications of these devices. The vascular embolization device (previously the arterial embolization device) is intended to control hemorrhaging due to aneurysms, certain types of tumors, and arteriovenous malformations. The neurovascular embolization device (previously the artificial embolization device) is intended to permanently occlude blood flow to cerebral aneurysms and cerebral arteriovenous malformations. FDA is reclassifying these devices on its own initiative on the basis of new information. FDA is taking this action under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act), as amended by the Medical Device Amendments of 1976 (the 1976 amendments), the Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990, the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997, and the Medical Device User Fee and Modernization Act of 2002. Elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, FDA is announcing the availability of the guidance document that will serve as the special control for these devices.

Tratamiento de pseudoaneurismas arteriales yatrógenos con inyección de trombina humana / Treatment of iatrogenic arterial pseudoaneurysms with human thrombin injections

Introducción. La incidencia de pseudoaneurismas yatrógenos ha aumentado debido al mayor número de procedimientos intervencionistas y a la anticoagulación asociada. La búsqueda de tratamientos eficaces frente a la cirugía ha sido un reto en los últimos años. Objetivo. Analizar la eficacia y seguridad del tratamiento con trombina humana (TH) de una serie de 10 pseudoaneurismas y atrógenos. Pacientes y métodos. Ocho pacientes (cinco mujeres y tres varones), de edad media 67 años (46-85), sumaban un total de 10 pseudoaneurismas en la arteria femoral común, secundarios a cateterismo cardíaco (cinco), arteriografía diagnóstica (uno), embolización de aneurisma cerebral (uno) y fibrinólisis intrarterial (uno). La selección para su tratamiento fue: diámetro superior a 15 mm (15-35) y localización anterior respecto a la arteria. Se empleó solución salina de TH (100 U/cm 3, procedente de Tissucol ®) y aguja 22G. Se inyectaron en la cavidad 100-400 U mediante inyección percutánea guiada por ecografía. Dos pacientes estaban anticoagulados durante el procedimiento. Se exploraron índices tobillo/brazo y pulsos, antes y después de la inyección. Se hicieron controles a las 24 horas, 2 y 6 meses. Resultados. La trombosis total de la cavidad se produjo a los pocos segundos, sin cambios en el índice talón-rodilla o pulsos. Sólo hubo una recidiva en un pseudoaneurisma, a las 24 horas. Conclusiones. La inyección percutánea de TH es una técnica efectiva (90 per cent de trombosis primaria), segura (sin dolor ni complicaciones en nuestra serie) y de corta duración para el tratamiento de primera línea de los pseudoaneurismas femorales y atrógenos (AU)

Embolización de arterias uterinas como tratamiento de miomas sintomáticos / Embolization of uterine arteries to treat symptomatic myomas

Objetivos: 1. Medir la eficacia de la embolización de las arterias uterinas en el control del sangrado vaginal a corto y medio plazo, causado por miomas uterinos. 2. Evaluar la seguridad de este procedimiento, analizando las complicaciones del mismo. Material y métodos: La población de estudio consiste en 40 mujeres sometidas a embolización de las arterias uterinas, consecutivamente enviadas desde las consultas de ginecología. Todas tenían miomas uterinos sangrantes, y eran candidatas a histerectomía. Se excluyeron pacientes con deseos de mantener la fertilidad, con miomas mayores de 10 cm de diámetro, con contraindicaciones quirúrgicas o con alergias a contrastes yodados. Las variables principales medidas en relación con los objetivos, han sido, el control del sangrado vaginal postembolización, y la frecuencia y tipo de complicaciones relacionadas con dicha intervención. Resultados: El éxito técnico en cuanto a la embolización de ambas arterias uterinas fue de un 87,5 por ciento (35/40). El éxito clínico, o el cese del sangrado, valorado en 36 pacientes a los seis meses de seguimiento, fue de un 86,1 por ciento (31/36). La complicación más frecuente, durante el procedimiento fue el espasmo de las arterias uterinas 17,5 por ciento (10/40) y el síndrome postembolización 25 por ciento (10/40) en el seguimiento postintervención. Conclusiones: La embolización de las arterias uterinas es un tratamiento seguro, y puede ser una terapia alternativa a la histerectomía, en pacientes con miomas uterinos con sangrado vaginal. (AU)

Clasificación y posibilidades terapéuticas de los aneurismas saculares de arteria renal / Classification and therapeutic possibilities of saccular aneurysms of the renal artery

Introducción. El tratamiento del aneurisma sacular de arteria renal (ASAR) puede abarcar en la actualidad diversas posibilidades, tanto conservadoras, percutáneas como quirúrgicas. Objetivo. Clasificar, tras la revisión de nuestra experiencia, el ASAR, con vistas a facilitar su manejo terapéutico. Pacientes y métodos. El análisis de una base de datos recogidos de forma prospectiva demuestra la existencia de ocho pacientes tratados de ASAR localizado en el tronco principal, primera bifurcación o rama lobular, entre enero de 1978 y junio de 2000. Representan un 30,7 por ciento de todos los aneurismas de arteria renal. Resultados. Se han diferenciado tres tipos de aneurisma sacular, en base a criterios fundamentalmente terapéuticos: tipo I, aneurisma del ostium de arteria renal, generalmente asociado a aneurisma de aorta (dos casos); tipo II, aneurisma sacular pediculado de base ancha (cuatro casos), y tipo III, aneurisma sacular pediculado de base estrecha (dos casos). Conclusión. La clasificación del aneurisma sacular de arteria renal en los tres tipos descritos puede facilitar la decisión sobre las distintas posibilidades terapéuticas. Creemos que los tipos I y II tienen, hoy día, un tratamiento fundamentalmente quirúrgico. Los tipos III pueden tratarse inicialmente de forma percutánea. (AU)