Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 65
Filter
1.
Rev. ADM ; 81(2): 114-116, mar.-abr. 2024. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1562736

ABSTRACT

El empiema pleural es una de las complicaciones de las infecciones del tracto respiratorio inferior y se caracteriza por la presencia de pus en la toracocentesis. Raramente Trichomonas hominis está asociada al empiema como agente causal. En este artículo presentamos el caso de una mujer de 39 años que desarrolló un empiema causado por T. hominis, además de una revisión de la literatura disponible de esta rara infección. Hasta donde sabemos, este es el primer caso de empiema pleural causado por Trichomona hominis reportado en México (AU)


Pleural empyema is one of the complications of lower respiratory tract infections and is characterized by the presence of pus on thoracentesis. Trichomonas hominis is rarely associated with empyema as the causative agent. In this article we present the case of a 39-year-old woman who developed an empyema caused by T. hominis, as well as a review of the available literature on this rare infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of pleural empyema caused by Trichomona hominis reported in Mexico (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Trichomonas/pathogenicity , Empyema, Pleural/etiology , Empyema, Pleural/drug therapy , Trichomonas Infections/diagnostic imaging
2.
Cir Cir ; 91(5): 615-619, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37844885

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to present our experience with the vertical musculocutaneous trapezius (VMCT) flap and highlight its utility in the thoracic wall reconstruction in patients with bronchopleural fistula (BPF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present a five case series of patients with long-standing cavities and BPF. The VMCT flap was used, and a direct pathway into the defect was made through a separate posterior thoracotomy shortening the distance between the flap and the defect. RESULTS: In 80% of the cases, the flap succeeded in solving the fistula and filling the defect, quality of life improved, and the need for oxygen decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Management of open window thoracostomy is challenging. Debridement, thoracoplasty, and flap coverage are the mainstream of their treatment, but these patients have scarce available muscle. The VMCT flap represents the major non-affected musculocutaneous unit in the thoracic area after lung surgery. Its dermal component offers a rigid matrix to form a seal over the bronchial stump. Its muscular component adds a good amount of vascularized tissue. No functional impairment has been described after its use.


OBJETIVO: Exponer nuestra experiencia con el colgajo vertical de trapecio y destacar su utilidad en la reconstrucción de la pared torácica en pacientes con fístulas broncopleurales. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Presentamos una serie de cinco pacientes con cavidades y fístulas broncopleurales de larga evolución. Utilizamos el colgajo musculocutáneo vertical de Trapecio, con un redireccionamiento del mismo a través de una ventana costal que permite acortar la distancia entre el colgajo y el defecto. RESULTADOS: La fístula y el defecto fueron solucionados en el 80% de los casos. La calidad de vida mejoró y las necesidades de oxígeno disminuyeron. CONCLUSIONES: El manejo de las toracotomías es un reto. El desbridamiento, toracoplastia y cobertura con colgajo son los pilares de su tratamiento, pero estos pacientes tienen escasa disponibilidad muscular. El colgajo musculocutáneo vertical de Trapecio representa la mayor unidad intacta musculocutánea en el tórax tras cirugía pulmonar. Su componente dérmico ofrece una matriz rígida para sellar el muñón bronquial, su componente muscular añade una gran cantidad de tejido vascularizado. No se han descrito déficits funcionales tras su uso.


Subject(s)
Bronchial Fistula , Empyema, Pleural , Pleural Diseases , Superficial Back Muscles , Humans , Empyema, Pleural/etiology , Empyema, Pleural/surgery , Quality of Life , Surgical Flaps/adverse effects , Pleural Diseases/etiology , Pleural Diseases/surgery , Bronchial Fistula/etiology , Bronchial Fistula/surgery , Pneumonectomy
3.
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex ; 80(4): 265-268, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37703554

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Pleural empyema secondary to a ruptured amoebic liver abscess is a rare complication in the pediatric population. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 13-year-old male with right flank abdominal pain, productive cough with foul-smelling sputum, fever, and respiratory distress. Physical examination revealed breathlessness, decreased vesicular murmur in the right hemithorax, abdominal distension, hepatomegaly, and lower limb edema. Laboratory tests revealed mild anemia, leukocytosis without eosinophilia, elevated alkaline phosphatase, hypoalbuminemia, and positive immunoglobulin G antibodies against Entamoeba histolytica in pleural fluid. He required a chest tube and treatment with metronidazole. After 2 months of follow-up, the abscesses disappeared, and the empyema decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Massive pleural empyema secondary to a ruptured liver abscess is a rare complication. The epidemiological link associated with the symptoms and serological tests can help in the diagnosis.


INTRODUCCIÓN: El empiema pleural secundario a ruptura de absceso amebiano hepático es una complicación poco frecuente en la población pediátrica. CASO CLÍNICO: Se reporta el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino de 13 años que presentó dolor abdominal en flanco derecho, tos productiva con esputo de mal olor, fiebre y dificultad respiratoria. Al examen físico se encontró amplexación y murmullo vesicular disminuido en hemitórax derecho, distensión abdominal, hepatomegalia y edema de miembros inferiores. Los resultados del laboratorio evidenciaron anemia leve, leucocitosis sin eosinofilia, elevación de fosfatasa alcalina, hipoalbuminemia y anticuerpos IgG contra Entamoeba histolytica positivo en líquido pleural. Requirió tubo de drenaje torácico y tratamiento con metronidazol. A los dos meses de seguimiento los abscesos desaparecieron y el empiema disminuyó. CONCLUSIONES: El empiema pleural masivo secundario a ruptura de absceso hepático es una complicación poco frecuente. El nexo epidemiológico asociado con la sintomatología y pruebas serológicas pueden ser de ayuda en el diagnóstico.


Subject(s)
Empyema, Pleural , Liver Abscess, Amebic , Child , Male , Humans , Adolescent , Liver Abscess, Amebic/complications , Liver Abscess, Amebic/diagnosis , Empyema, Pleural/diagnosis , Empyema, Pleural/etiology , Abscess , Abdominal Pain
4.
Clín. Vet. ; 24(141): 40-48, jul.-ago. 2019. ilus
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-21713

ABSTRACT

Piotórax é o termo que denomina o acúmulo de pus na cavidade pleural, muitas vezes associado a dispneia. O presente trabalho relata um caso de piotórax em uma gata, aparentemente provocado pela aspiração de fragmento ósseo ou pela sua migração desde a cavidade abdominal. A paciente apresentava distensão abdominal e dispneia de evolução progressiva. Nos exames complementares observaram-se leucocitose por neutrofilia com desvio à esquerda e linfocitose e exsudato séptico em tórax. Devido ao estado crítico, a paciente veio a óbito cerca de 24 horas após a internação. A necrópsia evidenciou a presença de um pequeno fragmento ósseo nas vias aéreas inferiores, uma causa bastante rara de piotórax, particularmente nessa espécie. Mesmo sendo raro, devemos considerar o corpo estranho como causa de piotórax e sepse na espécie felina.(AU)


Pyothorax is the accumulation of exudate in the pleural cavity. Affected patients are often presented with acute dyspnea. We report a case of pyothorax associated with the presence of abone fragment in the lower respiratory tract of an adult domestic cat. We presume that the bone fragment reached the respiratory tract by either aspiration or migration from the abdominal cavity. The patient presented with abdominal distension and acute dyspnea. Bloodwork revealed neutrophilic leukocytosis with left shift and lymphocytosis. Thoracic fluid analysis confirmed septic exudate. The patient was unresponsive to the treatment and died within 24 hours of admission. Necropsy revealed the presence of a bone fragment in the lower respiratory tract. We suggest that foregin bodies should be considered as a rule-out cause of pyothorax and sepsis in domestic cats.(AU)


El término piotórax define el acúmulo de pus en la cavidad pleural, en muchos casos relacionado con la presencia de cuadros disneicos. El presente trabajo relata un caso de piotórax en una gata que puede haber sido provocado por la aspiración de un fragmento óseo o por su migración desde la cavidad abdominal. La paciente presentaba distensión abdominal y disnea de evolución progresiva. En los exámenes de laboratorio se observó la presencia de leucocitosis, neutrofilia con desvio a la izquierda y linfocitosis, así como también un exudado séptico en tórax. Debido al estado crítico en que se encontraba, la paciente murió 24 horas después de ser internada. Durante la necropsia se observó un pequeno fragmento de hueso en las vías aéreas posteriores, una causa bastante rara de piotórax, particularmente en esta especie. Aún siendo raro, se debe considerar a las cuerpos extrarios como posibles causas de piotórax y sepsis en felinos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Empyema, Pleural/veterinary , Foreign Bodies/veterinary , Bone and Bones , Empyema, Pleural/etiology , Suppuration/veterinary , Fatal Outcome
5.
Clín. Vet. (São Paulo, Ed. Port.) ; 24(141): 40-48, jul.-ago. 2019. ilus
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1481192

ABSTRACT

Piotórax é o termo que denomina o acúmulo de pus na cavidade pleural, muitas vezes associado a dispneia. O presente trabalho relata um caso de piotórax em uma gata, aparentemente provocado pela aspiração de fragmento ósseo ou pela sua migração desde a cavidade abdominal. A paciente apresentava distensão abdominal e dispneia de evolução progressiva. Nos exames complementares observaram-se leucocitose por neutrofilia com desvio à esquerda e linfocitose e exsudato séptico em tórax. Devido ao estado crítico, a paciente veio a óbito cerca de 24 horas após a internação. A necrópsia evidenciou a presença de um pequeno fragmento ósseo nas vias aéreas inferiores, uma causa bastante rara de piotórax, particularmente nessa espécie. Mesmo sendo raro, devemos considerar o corpo estranho como causa de piotórax e sepse na espécie felina.


Pyothorax is the accumulation of exudate in the pleural cavity. Affected patients are often presented with acute dyspnea. We report a case of pyothorax associated with the presence of abone fragment in the lower respiratory tract of an adult domestic cat. We presume that the bone fragment reached the respiratory tract by either aspiration or migration from the abdominal cavity. The patient presented with abdominal distension and acute dyspnea. Bloodwork revealed neutrophilic leukocytosis with left shift and lymphocytosis. Thoracic fluid analysis confirmed septic exudate. The patient was unresponsive to the treatment and died within 24 hours of admission. Necropsy revealed the presence of a bone fragment in the lower respiratory tract. We suggest that foregin bodies should be considered as a rule-out cause of pyothorax and sepsis in domestic cats.


El término piotórax define el acúmulo de pus en la cavidad pleural, en muchos casos relacionado con la presencia de cuadros disneicos. El presente trabajo relata un caso de piotórax en una gata que puede haber sido provocado por la aspiración de un fragmento óseo o por su migración desde la cavidad abdominal. La paciente presentaba distensión abdominal y disnea de evolución progresiva. En los exámenes de laboratorio se observó la presencia de leucocitosis, neutrofilia con desvio a la izquierda y linfocitosis, así como también un exudado séptico en tórax. Debido al estado crítico en que se encontraba, la paciente murió 24 horas después de ser internada. Durante la necropsia se observó un pequeno fragmento de hueso en las vías aéreas posteriores, una causa bastante rara de piotórax, particularmente en esta especie. Aún siendo raro, se debe considerar a las cuerpos extrarios como posibles causas de piotórax y sepsis en felinos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Foreign Bodies/veterinary , Empyema, Pleural/etiology , Empyema, Pleural/veterinary , Bone and Bones , Fatal Outcome , Suppuration/veterinary
6.
Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann ; 26(2): 120-126, 2018 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29383943

ABSTRACT

Background Infectious lung cavities are a common entity for the respiratory physician. Sometimes these lesions require surgical treatment, but surgery is challenging, and complications are common. Methods Patients with infectious lung cavities amenable to surgical treatment were included in a case-control study. The control group included patients with no complications. The cases group comprised patients with any of the following complications up to 90 days after surgery: death, persistence of hemoptysis, empyema, operative blood loss > 500 mL, vascular lesion requiring repair, massive transfusion (>5 units of packed red blood cells per 48 h) or reoperation for bleeding, postoperative mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit stay > 48 h, prolonged air leak, and persistent atelectasis. The potential risk factors for complications analyzed were demographic data, exposure to contaminants, comorbidities, preoperative embolization, surgical indication, spirometry results, and sputum test positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Results Forty-five patients were included in the study and divided into 24 cases and 21 controls. We found a significant difference in the time to removal of chest tubes in favor of the noncomplicated cases (6.45 vs. 4.05 days, p = 0.030), and persistent active infection at the time of surgery tended to be a risk factor for complications (odds ratio = 6.6, 95% confidence interval: 0.7-60, p = 0.061). Conclusion The presence of persistent active infection at the time of surgery could be a risk factor for complications in resection surgery for infectious lung cavities.


Subject(s)
Pneumonectomy/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/surgery , Blood Loss, Surgical , Chi-Square Distribution , Empyema, Pleural/etiology , Erythrocyte Transfusion/adverse effects , Female , Hemoptysis/etiology , Humans , Intensive Care Units , Length of Stay , Male , Middle Aged , Odds Ratio , Pneumonectomy/mortality , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/mortality , Postoperative Complications/therapy , Postoperative Hemorrhage/etiology , Pulmonary Atelectasis/etiology , Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects , Respiratory Tract Infections/complications , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/mortality , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
7.
Pediatr Pulmonol ; 52(6): 757-762, 2017 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28474458

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Pleural empyema is a well-known complication of pneumonia. If treatment is delayed, empyema may increase morbidity and mortality in affected patients. Therefore, the identification of empyema biomarkers in parapneumonic pleural effusion is desirable. Previous research has suggested complement activation products as candidate empyema markers. OBJECTIVE: To compare the levels of complement activation products C3a, C5a, and C5b9 in pleural effusion induced by Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP), or turpentine (control). METHODS: Thirty-nine male Wistar rats (mean weight 414 g; 290-546 g) were allocated as follows: 17 animals in the SA group, 12 in the SP group, and 10 in the control group. Bacteria or turpentine were injected into the pleural space. After 12 hr, intrapleural fluid was collected using ultrasound-guided thoracentesis. Levels of complement activation products were determined using ELISA kits. RESULTS: Two SA and one SP animals died before 12 hr. Mean levels were as follows: C3a: 1066.82 µg/ml (937.29-1196.35 µg/ml) in SA, 1188.28 µg/ml (1095.65-1280.92 µg/ml) in SP, and 679.13 µg/ml (601.29-756.98 µg/ml) in controls (P < 0.001); C5a: 55.727 ng/ml (41.22-70.23 ng/ml) in SA, 520.107 ng/ml (278.92-761.3 ng/ml) in SP, and 5.268 ng/ml (1.68-8.85 ng/ml) in controls (P < 0.001); C5b9: 15.02 ng/ml (13.1-16.94 ng/ml) in SA, 16.63 ng/ml (14.37-18.9 ng/ml) in SP, and 14.05 ng/ml (9.8-18.29 ng/ml) in controls (P = 0.692). ROC analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.987 (95% CI: 0.953-1) for C3a; 1 (1-1) for C5a; and 0.757 for C5b9 (0.523-0.990). CONCLUSIONS: In the present rat model, complement activation fragments C3a and C5a accurately detected infected pleural effusion. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:757-762. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Subject(s)
Complement Activation , Empyema, Pleural/immunology , Pleural Effusion/immunology , Animals , Complement C3a/immunology , Complement C5a/immunology , Complement Membrane Attack Complex/immunology , Empyema, Pleural/etiology , Male , Pleural Effusion/etiology , Pneumococcal Infections/complications , Pneumococcal Infections/immunology , Rats, Wistar , Staphylococcal Infections/complications , Staphylococcal Infections/immunology , Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus pneumoniae
8.
J Pediatr ; 175: 47-53.e3, 2016 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27339249

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors of empyema after acute viral infection and to clarify the hypothesized association(s) between empyema and some viruses and/or the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). STUDY DESIGN: A case-control study was conducted in 15 centers. Cases and controls were enrolled for a source population of children 3-15 years of age with acute viral infections between 2006 and 2009. RESULTS: Among 215 empyemas, 83 cases (children with empyema and acute viral infection within the 15 preceding days) were included, and 83 controls (children with acute viral infection) were matched to cases. Considering the intake of any drug within 72 hours after acute viral infection onset and at least 6 consecutive days of antibiotic use and at least 1 day of NSAIDs exposure, the multivariable analysis retained an increased risk of empyema associated with NSAIDs exposure (aOR 2.79, 95% CI 1.4-5.58, P = .004), and a decreased risk associated with antibiotic use (aOR 0.32, 95% CI 0.11-0.97, P = .04). The risk of empyema associated with NSAIDs exposure was greater for children not prescribed an antibiotic and antibiotic intake diminished that risk for children given NSAIDs. CONCLUSIONS: NSAIDs use during acute viral infection is associated with an increased risk of empyema in children, and antibiotics are associated with a decreased risk. The presence of antibiotic-NSAIDs interaction with this risk is suggested. These findings suggest that NSAIDs should not be recommended as a first-line antipyretic treatment during acute viral infections in children.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects , Empyema, Pleural/etiology , Virus Diseases/drug therapy , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Case-Control Studies , Child , Child, Preschool , Drug Therapy, Combination , Empyema, Pleural/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Infant , Logistic Models , Male , Multivariate Analysis , Risk Factors , Virus Diseases/complications , Virus Diseases/diagnosis
9.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 85(4): 212-219, 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | BVSNACUY | ID: bnu-17877

ABSTRACT

El empiema paraneumónico (EP) es complicación grave y frecuente de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC), causado principalmente por Streptococcus pneumoniae. En Uruguay desde 2008 se incorporaron vacunas conjugadas neumocócicas (PCV), que determinaron disminución en la prevalencia de la enfermedad neumocócica y cambios en los serotipos involucrados. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo para evaluar las características de niños menores de 14 años hospitalizados por EP en el año 2010. Fueron identificados 69 pacientes, que representaron una tasa de 63.4/10.000 egresos. El promedio de edad fue 4 años; 37% de los menores de 5 años tenía 3 dosis de PCV. La presentación inicial fue grave, con 30% de casos que requirieron ingreso a terapia intensiva. El tratamiento recibido fue drenaje toráxico en 96%, instilación de estreptoquinasa intrapleural en 64% y cirugía en 6%. La duración de la hospitalización tuvo un promedio de 18 días. Un porcentaje importante de niños presentó complicaciones; uno falleció. Se identificó germen en 62% de los pacientes, la gran mayoría S. pneumoniae. Los serotipos fueron similares a los identificados antes de la implementación de PCV. No se identificaron fallas vacunales. El EP persiste como enfermedad grave, aunque tras la implementación de PCV disminuyó su prevalencia. No hubo cambios significativos en los serotipos. Es importante continuar la vigilancia del efecto de la implementación de PCV sobre esta patología


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Empyema, Pleural/epidemiology , Empyema, Pleural/etiology , Empyema, Pleural/prevention & control , Pneumococcal Vaccines , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/complications , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/prevention & control , Community-Acquired Infections , Child, Hospitalized , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Uruguay
10.
Lima; s.n; 2014. 45 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-758202

ABSTRACT

Describir las características clínicas y laboratoriales del derrame pleural paraneumónico y del empiema en niños de 1 a 14 años hospitalizados en el Servicio de Pediatría del HNDAC de Enero 2007-Diciembre 2013. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, transversal, en pacientes desde 1 mes de edad hasta 14 años con 11 meses y 29 días, que ingresaron al Servicio de Hospitalización de Pediatría del HNDAC con diagnóstico de derrame pleural paraneumónico y/o empiema, desde el 01 de Enero del 2007 hasta el 31 de Diciembre del 2013. Resultados: En los 7 años de estudio hubo 32 casos (74.4 por ciento del total) de derrame pleural paraneumónico y 11 (25.6 por ciento) de empiema, haciendo una prevalencia de 1.1 por ciento y 0.4 por ciento respectivamente. El compromiso en el empiema fue a predominio izquierdo, y derecho en el derrame. Todos los casos tuvieron más de 4 días de evolución, el rango de fiebre se encontró entre 39 y 40 grados C. Hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el promedio de días de hospitalización, a favor del empiema, asimismo el valor promedio de leucocitos, abastonados y PCR, fue significativamente superior en éstos. En ambos grupos el mayor porcentaje de pacientes presentó leucocitos entre 15000 y 25000, y la mayoría de pacientes presentó PCR superior o igual a 15. El cultivo de líquido pleural resultó positivo en el 50 por ciento de los casos de empiema. El Streptococcus pneumoniae fue el germen aislado con mayor frecuencia. En el empiema el grupo etario de 1 a 2 años fue el más común, mientras que en el derrame pleural paraneumónico lo fue el grupo de 5 a 14 años. Conclusiones: La prevalencia del derrame pleural paraneumónico en niños con diagnóstico de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad fue 1.1 por ciento, mientras que en el empiema, 0.4 por ciento. En el empiema fue más común el compromiso izquierdo, y en el derrame el derecho. Todos los casos tuvieron 5 a más días de tiempo de enfermedad, y presentaron...


To describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of parapneumonic pleural and empyema in children aged 1-14 years hospitalized at the HNDAC Department of Pediatrics from January 2007-December 2013. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study in patients from 1 month of age to 14 years and 11 months and 29 days, admitted to HNDAC Hospitalization Department of Pediatrics diagnosed with parapneumonic pleural effusion and/or empyema, from January 1st 2007 until December 31st 2013. Results: In the seven years of study there were 32 cases (74.4 per cent of total) of parapneumonic pleural effusion, and 11 (25.6 per cent) of empyema, with a prevalence of 1.1 per cent and 0.4 per cent respectively. The location of the empyema was on the left side, and in the effusion was on the right side. All cases had more than 4 days of evolution, fever range was between 39 and 40 degrees C. There was statistically significant difference in the average of number of days of hospitalization for the empyema, also the average value of leukocytes, banded neutrophils and CRP was significantly higher in these. In both groups the highest percentage of patients had leukocytes between 15000 and 25000, and most of the patients had CRP value higher or equal than 15. CRP pleural fluid culture was positive in 50 per cent of cases of empyema. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequently isolated germ. The age group of 1-2 years was the most common in empyema, while in the parapneumonic pleural effusion was the group of 5-14 years. Conclusions: The prevalence of in children diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia was 1.1 per cent, while in empyema, 0.4 per cent. In empyema was more common the left side, and the right side in parapneumonic pleural effusion. All cases had 5 or more days of sickness, and had fever (39.2 degrees C average in empyema, and 39.1 degrees C in parapneumonic pleural effusion), being the range of 39-40 degrees C...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Pleural Effusion/etiology , Empyema, Pleural/etiology , Community-Acquired Infections , Pneumonia , Retrospective Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies
11.
Ann Hepatol ; 12(2): 325-6, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23396745

ABSTRACT

Hepatobiliary conditions should be considered in the differential diagnosis of right pleural effusion. Here we present the illustrative images of thoracic empyema due to migrated gallstones in a woman who was treated for laparoscopic cholecystectomy one year before. The gallstones were obtained unexpectedly during a thoracentesis with aid of an Abrams needle. This rare complication is discussed under current literature review.


Subject(s)
Empyema, Pleural/etiology , Gallstones/complications , Aged , Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic , Empyema, Pleural/diagnosis , Empyema, Pleural/therapy , Female , Gallstones/surgery , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Paracentesis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
12.
Neumol. pediátr ; 8(2): 79-85, 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-701693

ABSTRACT

Complicated pneumonia with pleural effusion or empyema is a condition that its incidence has been increasing in recent years. Its early diagnosis and timely management reduce costs and shorten hospital stays for patients. The optimized diagnostic aids treatments. In recent years the intervention and fibrinolytic substances as VATS surgery have opened a positive outlook in handling controversies exist yet at the time of application. This article reviews these aspects.


La neumonía complicada con derrame pleural o empiema es una patología que ha ido incrementando su incidencia en los últimos años. Su diagnóstico temprano y su manejo oportuno disminuyen los costos y acortan las estancias hospitalarias de los pacientes. Las ayudas diagnósticas optimizan los tratamientos. En los últimos años la intervención con sustancias fibrinolíticas y las intervenciones quirúrgicas como la videotoracoscopia han abierto un panorama positivo en el manejo sin embargo, existen controversias en el momento de su aplicación. Este artículo hace una revisión de estos aspectos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Empyema, Pleural/etiology , Empyema, Pleural/therapy , Necrosis/etiology , Necrosis/therapy , Pneumonia/complications , Pneumonia/therapy , Algorithms , Drainage , Empyema, Pleural/diagnosis , Necrosis/diagnosis , Pneumonia/diagnosis , Radiography, Thoracic , Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted , Thrombolytic Therapy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Ultrasonography
13.
Rev. chil. cir ; 64(1): 32-39, feb. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-627075

ABSTRACT

Background: Pleural empyema still has a dismal prognosis. Aim: To describe features and prognostic factors of patients with pleural empyema subjected to surgical procedures. Material and Methods: Retrospective review of 343 patients with pleural empyema (mean age 52 years, 71 percent males), that were subjected to any type of surgical procedure. Criteria for diagnosis of empyema were a positive culture, a fluid pH of less than 7.2 or a compatible macroscopic appearance of the fluid. Results: Empyema was secondary to pneumonia in 243 patients (71 percent, secondary to surgical procedures in 41 patients (12 percent), secondary to trauma in 19 patients (5.5 percent), secondary to a lung abscess in 10 patients (3 percent), tuberculous in 10 patients (3 percent), neoplastic in two cases (0.6 percent), secondary to pneumothorax in 2 cases (0.6 percent) and of unknown origin in 13 patients (4 percent). A microorganism was isolated from pleural fluid in 89 patients (26 percent). The surgical procedures performed were 251 decortications by thoracotomy (73 percent), 70 pleurotomies (20 percent), 11 video assisted surgeries (3 percent), seven decortications with lung resections and four fenestrations. Complications were recorded in 104 patients (30 percent), 29 patients were re-operated (8.5 percent) and 31 died (10 percent), all due to sepsis. Conclusions: The main cause of pleural empyema is pneumonia. In most patients, microorganisms are not isolated from pleural fluid, thoracotomy with decortication is the most frequent surgical procedure. There is a high rate of complications and mortality.


Objetivos: Describir características, resultados inmediatos y evaluar factores asociados a morbi-mortalidad de Empiema Pleural (EP) con tratamiento quirúrgico. Método: Revisión retrospectiva. Período: enero 2000 - agosto 2006. Se describen características, resultados inmediatos y factores asociados a morbi-mortalidad. Se utilizó programa SPSS 15.0. Se consideró significativo p < 0,05. Resultados: 343 pacientes, 243 (70,8 por ciento) hombres (relación 2,4:1), edad promedio 51,7 años. Etiología: 242 (70,6 por ciento) paraneumónico, 41 (12,0 por ciento) postquirúrgico, 19 (5,5 por ciento) postraumático, 10 (2,9 por ciento) absceso pulmonar, 10 (2,9 por ciento) tuberculoso, 6 (1,7 por ciento) neoplásico, 2 (0,6 por ciento) neumotórax y 13 (3,8 por ciento) desconocido. Se aisló germen en líquido pleural en 89 (25,9 por ciento). Se realizaron: 251 (73,2 por ciento) decorticaciones por toracotomía, 70 (20,4 por ciento) pleurotomías, 11 (3,2 por ciento) cirugías video-asistidas, 7 (2,1 por ciento) decorticaciones con resección pulmonar y 4 (1,2 por ciento) fenestraciones. Presentaron complicaciones 104 (30,3 por ciento) pacientes. Se reoperaron 29 (8,5 por ciento). Fallecieron 31 (9,6 por ciento), todos por sepsis. Se encontraron variables asociadas a morbi-mortalidad. Conclusiones: El EP tiene como causa más frecuente el empiema paraneumónico seguido de los postoperatorios, en la mayoría no se identifican gérmenes en líquido pleural. La toracotomía con decorticación es el procedimiento quirúrgico más frecuente. El EP tiene una considerable morbi-mortalidad. Se identifican variables asociadas a morbilidad y mortalidad.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Empyema, Pleural/surgery , Empyema, Pleural/epidemiology , Thoracotomy/statistics & numerical data , Analysis of Variance , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Comorbidity , Empyema, Pleural/etiology , Empyema, Pleural/microbiology , Empyema, Pleural/mortality , Postoperative Complications , Reoperation , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Thoracotomy/mortality
14.
15.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; Rev. chil. enferm. respir;26(2): 91-94, jun. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-577324

ABSTRACT

Salmonella species are commonly associated with acute gastroenteritis due to ingestion of contaminated food or water. Extraintestinal infections are less frequent, and most of them occur in immunocompromised patients. We report a case of pleural empyema caused by Salmonella typhimurium, without previous diarrhea or fever. The patient evolved favorably after receiving adequate treatment.


El género Salmonella se caracteriza por causar infecciones en el tracto gastrointestinal, debido a la ingesta de alimentos o agua contaminada. También puede causar, con menor frecuencia, infecciones localizadas en diferentes órganos; esto se asocia con inmunodepresión. En este caso se describe un paciente con infección pleuropulmonar por Salmonella typhimurium, que no reportó antecedentes de diarrea previa. Evolucionó favorablemente con tratamiento adecuado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Empyema, Pleural/microbiology , Salmonella Infections/diagnosis , Salmonella typhimurium , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Ciprofloxacin/therapeutic use , Empyema, Pleural/etiology , Empyema, Pleural/drug therapy , Immunocompromised Host , Salmonella Infections/drug therapy , Radiography, Thoracic , Treatment Outcome
16.
Rev. chil. cir ; 62(3): 276-278, jun. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-562729

ABSTRACT

Pleural empyema formation is one of the potential complications of lower respiratory tract infections and it is characterized by bacterial organisms seen on gram stain or the aspiration of pus on thoracentesis. Very rarely empyema can be caused by trichomonas species, of which Trichomonas Tenax appears to be the most common cause. In this article we report the case of a 51-year-old man who developed a pleural empyema caused by trichomonas, and review the available literature of this rare infection of unknown incidence and uncertain pathogenetic significance. Our patient was treated with metronidazole, however complete cure was not achieved and pulmonary decortication was necessary for the successful outcome. As far as we know, this is the first case of pleural empyema caused by trichomonas reported in Chile.


La formación de un empiema pleural es una de las potenciales complicaciones de las infecciones de la vía aérea inferior, y se caracteriza por la observación de bacterias en la tinción de Gram, o la aspiración de pus en la toracocentesis. Muy infrecuentemente el empiema puede ser causado por alguna de las especies de tricomonas, de las cuales Trichomonas Tenax parece ser la causa más común. En este artículo, reportamos el caso de un hombre de 51 años que desarrolló un empiema pleural causado por tricomonas, y revisamos la literatura disponible de esta rara infección, de incidencia desconocida, y significancia patogénica incierta. Nuestro paciente fue tratado con metronidazol, observándose sólo una respuesta parcial, necesitándose decorticación pulmonar para una recuperación completa. Hasta donde sabemos, este es el primer caso de empiema pleural causado por tricomonas reportado en Chile.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Empyema, Pleural/etiology , Empyema, Pleural/therapy , Trichomonas Infections/complications , Trichomonas Infections/therapy , Antitrichomonal Agents/therapeutic use , Drainage , Empyema, Pleural/surgery , Empyema, Pleural/parasitology , Empyema, Pleural/drug therapy , Metronidazole/therapeutic use , Thoracostomy , Trichomonas Infections/surgery , Trichomonas Infections/drug therapy
17.
Rev. chil. cir ; 61(3): 223-228, jun. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-547825

ABSTRACT

Background: Empyema can cause significant medical problems, despite the advances in antimicrobial and surgical treatments. Aim: To compare the results of different therapeutic approaches to empyema. Material and Methods: Retrospective review of medical records of 77 patients with empyema (aged 53 +/- 20 years, 48 males) treated in a clinical hospital between 1994 and 2007. Results: In 74 percent of patients the cause of empyema was pneumonia. Thirty two were initially managed with percutaneous pleurostomy. Seven of these required and additional intervention due to residual empyema. Eleven patients were managed with open thoracotomy and 34 with video assisted thoracoscopy. Complications for percutaneous pleurostomy, open thoracotomy and video assisted thoracoscopy were 34, 36 and 12 percent respectively. The figures for mortality were 25, 0 and 0 percent respectively. Patients subjected to video assisted thoracoscopy required less days with a pleural tube than those subjected to percutaneous pleurostomy or open thoracotomy (5,5-14,3 and 12,4 days respectively). Conclusions: Video assisted thoracoscopy had the best therapeutic results for empyema in this series of patients.


Introducción: Definido como la presencia de infección bacteriana en el espacio pleural, determina una importante morbimortalidad a pesar de los avances en el tratamiento antibiótico y las nuevas técnicas quirúrgicas. Objetivos: Comparar resultados de las distintas estrategias terapéuticas para el Empiema Pleural (EP). Material y Métodos: Revisión retrospectiva de fichas clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de EP manejados en el Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile entre enero de 1994 y junio de 2007. Se consideró significación estadística con p < 0,05. Resultados: De 77 pacientes, 48 fueron hombres y 29 mujeres, con edad promedio de 52,6 +/- 19,9 años. La causa más frecuente de EP fue la neumonía (74 por ciento). En 55 pacientes se realizaron exámenes imagenológicos complementarios a la radiografía de tórax. Treinta y dos pacientes se manejaron inicialmente con pleurostomía percutánea (PP). Siete de ellos requirieron una nueva intervención por empiema residual. Once se manejaron con toracotomía abierta (TA) y 34 con Toracoscopia Vídeo asistida (TVA). La tasa de complicaciones y mortalidad fue: 34,37 por ciento y 25 por ciento para PP, 11,7 por ciento y 0 por ciento para TVA y 36,36 por ciento y 0 por ciento para TA, respectivamente (diferencias significativas). El tiempo de hospitalización promedio fue de 22,8 días, y el de tubo pleural de 9,21 días. Se encontró diferencias significativas entre los días con tubo pleural de los pacientes sometidos a TVA (X = 5,56) respecto de los sometidos a PP (X = 14,24) y TA (X = 12,4). No se observan diferencias en tiempo de hospitalización. Conclusiones: La TVA demuestra obtener mejores resultados que la PP y la TA al evaluar mortalidad, complicaciones y días de tubo pleural.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Child , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Empyema, Pleural/surgery , Empyema, Pleural/mortality , Thoracoscopy , Thoracotomy , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Empyema, Pleural/etiology , Length of Stay , Reoperation , Retrospective Studies , Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted , Thoracoscopy/methods , Thoracoscopy/mortality , Thoracotomy/mortality
18.
Rev. chil. infectol ; Rev. chil. infectol;24(6): 454-461, dic. 2007. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-470678

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El empiema pleural (EP) es una complicación grave de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC). Objetivos: Describir las características de los pacientes hospitalizados por EP en el Servicio de Pediatría del Hospital de la Universidad Católica durante el período 2000-2005. Se identificaron 86 hospitalizaciones por NAC con efusión pleural, practicándose en 59 (70 por ciento), al menos una toracocentesis. Se consideró EP a la presencia de pus, tinción de Gram con bacterias, cultivo positivo o pH < 7,10 en el líquido pleural, siendo las efusiones para-neumónicas los controles. Resultados: Se analizaron 24 EP y 25 controles [promedio 2,9 años (rango: 8 meses - 14,3 años)], 78 por ciento de edad inferior a 5 años con diferencia entre los grupos EP y controles [1,6 vs 3,3 años, respectivamente (p = 0,01)]. El promedio global (días) de síntomas previo al ingreso en los EP fue 7 (rango: 2-21), siendo los más frecuentes fiebre (100 por ciento) y tos (96 por ciento). Se identificó algún microorganismo en 15/24 EP, Streptococcus pneumoniae fue el más frecuente (n: 9). En 48 niños, el manejo inicial fue conservador, requiriéndose cuatro rescates quirúrgicos luego del cuarto día. El promedio (días) de hospitalización fue significativamente superior en el grupo EP vs controles [15 (rango: 5-38) vs 9 (rango: 3-16) (p < 0,01)]. Requirieron drenaje pleural 83 por ciento del grupo EP y 36 por ciento de los controles (p = 0,002). No hubo diferencia en el número de días de empleo de oxígeno [6 vs 4,5 (p = 0,36)] o drenaje pleural [3 vs 2,5 (p = 0,29)]. No se registraron fallecidos. Conclusión: El EP en niños fue una condición respiratoria aguda que se asoció a estadías hospitalarias prolongadas, especialmente en los de menor edad, no requiriéndose, en la mayoría, una intervención quirúrgica de rescate.


Introduction: Pleural empyema (PE) is a serious complication of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Objectives: To describe the clinical profile of hospitalized patients with PE in the pediatric ward of the Catholic University Hospital between 2000-2005. Patients y methods: Retrospectively, all pediatric admission due to CAP and pleural effusion (86 children) were identified. In 59 (70 percent) children > 1 thoracocentesis were performed. We considered PE as the presence in the pleural effusion of pus, and/or a positive gram strain and/ or positive culture, and/or a pH < 7.10. Children with effusions not meeting any criteria were used as controls. Results: Twenty four PE and 25 controls were identified, with a global mean age of 2.9 years (range: 8 months to 14.3 years); 78 percent were < 5 years, with a significant difference between PE and controls [1.6 vs 3.3 years (p = 0.01)]. The mean duration of symptoms in PE patients before admission was 7 days (range: 2-21), and the most frequent symptoms were fever (100 percent) and cough (96 percent). In 15/24 cases a microorganism was identified being Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 9) the most common. In 48 patients management was conservative and in 4 surgical procedures were required. The mean duration of hospitalization was significantly higher in the PE group vs controls group: 15 (range: 5-38) vs 9 days (range 3-16) (p < 0.01). A chest tube was inserted in 83 percent of children with EP compared with 36 percent in the control group (p = 0.002). There were no difference in number of days of oxygen use [6 vs 4.5 (p = 0.36)] or number of chest tubes per child [3 vs 2.5 (p = 0.29)]. No deaths were reported. Conclusion: PE in children represented an acute respiratory event associated with more prolonged hospitalization especially at younger ages; the majority of cases did not require surgical intervention.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Empyema, Pleural/etiology , Pleural Effusion/etiology , Pneumonia, Bacterial/complications , Case-Control Studies , Chile/epidemiology , Community-Acquired Infections/complications , Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology , Empyema, Pleural/diagnosis , Empyema, Pleural/epidemiology , Empyema, Pleural/therapy , Hospitalization , Pleural Effusion/diagnosis , Pleural Effusion/epidemiology , Pleural Effusion/therapy , Pneumonia, Bacterial/microbiology , Retrospective Studies
19.
Rev Chilena Infectol ; 24(6): 454-61, 2007 Dec.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18180820

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Pleural empyema (PE) is a serious complication of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical profile of hospitalized patients with PE in the pediatric ward of the Catholic University Hospital between 2000-2005. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospectively, all pediatric admission due to CAP and pleural effusion (86 children) were identified. In 59 (70%) children > 1 thoracocentesis were performed. We considered PE as the presence in the pleural effusion of pus, and/or a positive gram strain and/ or positive culture, and/or a pH < 7.10. Children with effusions not meeting any criteria were used as controls. RESULTS: Twenty four PE and 25 controls were identified, with a global mean age of 2.9 years (range: 8 months to 14.3 years); 78% were < 5 years, with a significant difference between PE and controls [1.6 vs 3.3 years (p = 0.01)]. The mean duration of symptoms in PE patients before admission was 7 days (range: 2-21), and the most frequent symptoms were fever (100%) and cough (96%). In 15/24 cases a microorganism was identified being Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 9) the most common. In 48 patients management was conservative and in 4 surgical procedures were required. The mean duration of hospitalization was significantly higher in the PE group vs controls group: 15 (range: 5-38) vs 9 days (range 3-16) (p < 0.01). A chest tube was inserted in 83% of children with EP compared with 36% in the control group (p = 0.002). There were no difference in number of days of oxygen use [6 vs 4.5 (p = 0.36)] or number of chest tubes per child [3 vs 2.5 (p = 0.29)]. No deaths were reported. CONCLUSION: PE in children represented an acute respiratory event associated with more prolonged hospitalization especially at younger ages; the majority of cases did not require surgical intervention.


Subject(s)
Empyema, Pleural/etiology , Pleural Effusion/etiology , Pneumonia, Bacterial/complications , Adolescent , Case-Control Studies , Child , Child, Preschool , Chile/epidemiology , Community-Acquired Infections/complications , Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology , Empyema, Pleural/diagnosis , Empyema, Pleural/epidemiology , Empyema, Pleural/therapy , Female , Hospitalization , Humans , Infant , Male , Pleural Effusion/diagnosis , Pleural Effusion/epidemiology , Pleural Effusion/therapy , Pneumonia, Bacterial/microbiology , Retrospective Studies
20.
Cir. & cir ; Cir. & cir;74(6): 409-414, nov.-dic. 2006. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-571245

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el derrame pleural es una entidad clínica frecuente, su estudio y manejo son importantes para resolverlo. El objetivo fue evaluar los resultados inmediatos de los procedimientos diagnósticos y terapéuticos en casos consecutivos de derrame pleural. Material y métodos: durante un periodo de 12 meses, de 787 pacientes hospitalizados, 156 (19.8 %) presentaron derrame pleural. También se evaluaron 22 casos de neumotórax considerados como derrame gaseoso y 10 con empiema crónico. Resultados y discusión: en 23 casos no neoplásicos, la toracentesis diagnóstica y evacuadora resolvió el derrame. El drenaje con sonda intrapleural conectada a sello de agua se practicó en 133: en 109 (81.9 %) se resolvió el derrame y en 24 se practicaron otros procedimientos. En este grupo el derrame fue neoplásico en 35 y no neoplásico en 98, incluidos 36 iatrogénicos; 22 casos de neumotórax se consideraron como derrame gaseoso y fueron tratados con sonda intrapleural; 10 casos de empiema crónico fueron estudiados como secuelas de derrames, no fueron resueltos con los procedimientos mencionados. Hubo diferencia significativa entre derrames neoplásicos y no neoplásicos (p = 0.001), y entre casos manejados con procedimientos de invasión mínima y sonda intrapleural (p = 0.001), por comparación de proporciones. Se comenta la utilidad de la pleurodesis y la toracoscopia en el tratamiento del derrame. En casos crónicos la toracostomía en ventana y mioplastia consecutiva tienen indicación precisa. Conclusiones: el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos del derrame pleural son importantes. La colocación de sonda pleural resuelve la mayoría de los casos (89.9 %). El neumotórax debe ser igualmente manejado. El empiema crónico requiere toracostomía en ventana y mioplastia. Las maniobras descuidadas o inadecuadas provocan derrames de naturaleza iatrogénica.


BACKGROUND: Pleural effusion is a common clinical entity. Proper diagnosis and management are important for successful treatment. We undertook this study to evaluate immediate results of the procedures used in a group of cases with pleural effusion. METHODS: Of 2589 patients at first consultation, 787 were hospitalized and 156 had pleural effusion. Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures used were evaluated. RESULTS: With thoracentesis and evacuation of liquid, 23 nonneoplastic cases had resolution. Chest tube drainage with water seal was performed in 133 patients. This procedure suppressed the effusion in 109 patients, but in 24 patients another approach was necessary. In this group there were 35 neoplastic and 96 nonmalignant cases, the latter 36 were provoked by iatrogenic management. Twenty two cases of pneumothorax considered as gaseous effusion and 10 cases of chronic empyema sequelae of pleural effusions were also studied. Proportion comparison demonstrated significant differences between neoplastic and nonneoplastic effusions (p =0.001) and in cases managed with minimally invasive procedures and chest tube drainage (p =0.001). The performance of pleurodesis and thoracoscopy is discussed. In chronic cases, indications of open window thoracostomy and myoplasty are elucidated. CONCLUSIONS: In pleural effusion, opportune diagnosis and proper management are essential. Drainage tube can solve the majority of cases. Pneumothorax must be treated in the same way. In chronic empyema, open window thoracostomy and myoplasty are indicated. Careless patient management and poor treatment lead to iatrogenic complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Pleural Effusion/surgery , Drainage/statistics & numerical data , Thoracostomy/statistics & numerical data , Chest Tubes/statistics & numerical data , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Pleural Effusion/complications , Pleural Effusion/diagnosis , Drainage/methods , Empyema, Pleural/etiology , Hospitalization , Hemothorax/etiology , Iatrogenic Disease , Pleural Neoplasms/complications , Lung Neoplasms/complications , Prospective Studies , Pleurodesis/statistics & numerical data , Pneumonia/complications , Pneumothorax/etiology , Thoracic Injuries/complications
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL