Analysis of PV Systems Installed in Paraná

HIGHLIGHTS Comparative study of the operation of eight real cases of systems installed in Paraná. There is a convergence between the values estimated by the Atlas and the ones calculated. It was possible to identify the cities that presented the greatest figures of merit.

Abstract With the development of renewable energies in the world, there is also an increase in solar photovoltaic systems globally. In Brazil, and in the state of Paraná, there is an exponential growth of this form of energy generation, which causes the necessity to study the performance of the installed systems. Therefore, this article analyzed eight photovoltaic systems installed in the state of Paraná, under the aspect of figures of merit parameters, through calculations of final yield, performance ratio and capacity factor. In addition, the calculated values were compared to the values estimated by the Solar Energy Atlas of the State of Paraná. As a result, the largest average differences in final yield, between the calculations and the Atlas, were found in the cities of Cascavel, while the smallest were observed in Goioerê.

Consumo de energia, macronutrientes e antioxidantes de pacientes com câncer em tratamento clínico: um estudo transversal / Energy, macronutrient and antioxidant consumption of cancer patients in clinical treatment: a cross-sectional study

INTRODUCCIÓN: Entre los tratamientos propuestos para el cáncer, la quimioterapia es el más común. Debido a los síntomas y la toxicidad desencadenados por la quimioterapia, los pacientes sometidos a tratamiento pueden tener una ingesta reducida de alimentos y, en consecuencia, una inmunidad disminuida, una adherencia al tratamiento reducida y una desnutrición calórica proteica. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el consumo de energía, macronutrientes y antioxidantes de pacientes oncológicos en tratamiento clínico y compararlo con las recomendaciones nutricionales, además de establecer la frecuencia semanal de consumo de alimentos de estos pacientes. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal con diseño muestral no probabilístico. Se calculó el consumo de energía, macronutrientes y micronutrientes antioxidantes y se comparó la ingesta con la necesidad nutricional, utilizando un intervalo de confianza del 95%. Se utilizó el cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria para evaluar el consumo semanal de alimentos. Para calcular la cantidad consumida de cada alimento se utilizó la Tabla Brasileña de Composición de Alimentos. Para las pruebas estadísticas, se adoptó un nivel de significancia del 5%. RESULTADOS: Un total de 135 pacientes con cáncer participaron en este estudio (64,4% eran mujeres). El diagnóstico de cáncer de mama fue el más prevalentes (29,6%) y el 45,5% tenía sobrepeso. El consumo de energía y macronutrientes, en ambos sexos, no alcanzó el nivel recomendado, al igual que los antioxidantes vitamina E y selenio. El consumo de zinc también fue inferior al recomendado para los hombres. Frutas frescas (78,5%), verduras (76,3%) y arroz (76,3%) fueron los alimentos consumidos diariamente por la mayoría de los pacientes. CONCLUSIÓN: La ingesta dietética de los pacientes oncológicos evaluados no alcanzó los niveles recomendados de energía, macronutrientes y algunos micronutrientes antioxidantes. El consumo inadecuado genera preocupaciones, ya que son componentes importantes para ayudar en el tratamiento y la recuperación de los pacientes

INTRODUCTION: Among the proposed treatments for cancer, chemotherapy is the most common. Due to the symptoms and toxicity triggered by chemotherapy, patients under treatment may have reduced food intake and, consequently, decreased immunity, reduced adherence to treatment and even protein-caloric malnutrition. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the consumption of energy, macronutrients and antioxidants of patients with cancer in clinical treatment and compare it with the nutritional recommendations, and establish the weekly frequency of food consumption of these patients. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with non-probabilistic sample design. The consumption of energy, macronutrients and antioxidant micronutrients was estimated and the intake was compared with the nutritional need, using a 95% confidence interval. The food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate weekly food consumption. The Brazilian Table of Food Composition was used to calculate the amount consumed of each food. For the statistical tests, a 5% significance level was adopted. RESULTS: In this study, 135 cancer patients participated (64.4% were women). The diagnosis of breast cancer was the most prevalent (29.6%) and 45.5% were overweight. The consumption of energy and macronutrients, in both sexes, did not reach the recommended level, as well as the antioxidants vitamin E and selenium. Zinc consumption was also below that recommended for men. Fresh fruits (78.5%), vegetables (76.3%) and rice (76.3%) were the foods consumed daily by most patients. CONCLUSION: The dietary intake of evaluated cancer patients did not reach the recommended levels of energy, macronutrients and some antioxidant micronutrients. Inadequate intake is a cause for concern, as it is an important component to assist in treatment and recovery of patients

Consumo de energía y nutrientes, pobreza y área de residencia de la población adulta de Perú / Energy and nutrients intake, poverty and residence location of adult population in Peru

INTRODUCCIÓN: El sobrepeso y obesidad han aumentado en países de ingresos medios y bajos como el caso de Perú. La ingesta de nutrientes es determinante en esta problemática. OBJETIVO: Analizar consumo de energía y nutrientes en po blación adulta de Perú, con un enfoque de residencia geográfica y nivel de pobreza. METODOLOGÍA: Se estudió 4 206 individuos de 20 a más años, 2 107 mujeres y 2 099 varones. Se realizó un muestreo por conglomerado estratificado del territorio nacional y se consideraron 5 residencias geográficas: Lima metropolitana, resto de costa, sierra urbana, sierra rural y selva. La condición económica se caracterizó por el método de las Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas (NBI). Se determinó el consumo de nutrientes por el método del Recordatorio de 24 horas con ajustes de estimación intra e interindividual. Los rangos aceptables de adecuación según FAO/OMS. Se utilizó la prueba del Análisis de Varianza (ANAVA) con prueba de comparación múltiple de Tukey. RESULTADOS: El consumo promedio de energía (1 619 kcal/d), aportó 78,74% de las recomendaciones, considerándose adecuación baja. El consumo de hierro, ácido fólico y calcio presentaron adecuación muy baja (<75% de recomendaciones). El consumo de energía y nutrientes presentó diferencias significativas según área geográfica (p < 0,005) y según niveles de pobreza (p < 0,005). Los carbohidratos contribuyen en mayor porcentaje a la energía total de la dieta de pobladores de sierra rural y en los grupos de pobreza extrema. CONCLUSIONES: El consumo de energía presentó baja adecuación. Habitantes de sierra rural y los pobres extremos reportaron ingestas altas en carbohidratos, baja en proteínas y grasa. El estudio contribuye a la información de factores dietéticos en el exceso de peso

INTRODUCTION: Overweight and obesity have increased in middle income countries like Peru. For this situation it has been demonstrated that nutrient intake is a key determinant. OBJECTIVE: Define energy and nutrient intake of Peruvian adults in relation to their residence location and poverty situation. METHOD: Information was considered from 4206 adults older than 20 years, including 2107 female and 2099 male. Five residence locations were defined: Lima city, Coast not including Lima, Andes urban, and Andes rural and Amazonian. Poverty situation was defined using the index of unsatisfied basic needs. Nutrient intake was determined by a 24 hour dietary recall. FAO/WHO adequacy ranges were used for classification. Analysis of variance and Tukey comparison test was used for statistical assessment. RESULTS: Average intake of energy (1619 kcal/day) was only 78.7 % of recommended values. Iron, Folic acid and Calcium were less than 75 % of recommended values. Residence location and poverty situation affected energy and nutrients intake (p < 0,005). Carbohydrates represented the largest percentage of total energy intake for rural Andes population and those of the extreme poverty group. CONCLUSIONS: Energy intake was below required. Adults of rural Andes and extreme poverty ones reported high intake of carbohydrates and low for protein and fat. This study contributes to understand dietarian factors explaining overweight incidence

Forecasting the Electricity Consumption in a Higher Education Institution

Abstract The objective of this paper is to present a mathematical representation by Regression Analysis that enables the projection of electricity consumption according to the built area and population in Higher Education Institutions (HEI) and to define an Indicator that contemplates the most significant variable in consumption. of electric power. The Null Hypothesis -H0 is that in a HEI the most appropriate indicator is the Kilo Watt Hour per square meter (kWh / m2) as proposed by the Ministry of Planning and Management - MP. The research universe is 2,368 HEI, identified in a report from the Ministry of Education (2015). As Sample and case study, data from the thirteen Campi of the Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) are used. As a computational tool we use the IBM SPSS Statistics Base Software for Windows version 23 from SPSS Inc .. For the considered Sample and research design, the conclusion is that the null hypothesis is rejected accepting that the most significant indicator is the kilo. Watt Time per user (kWh / user). This conclusion does not exclude the relationship between constructed area and Energy Consumption, but reveals that it is not as significant as the number of individuals in HEI for this sample.

Inventário de emissões de gases do efeito estufa da cidade do Rio de Janeiro / Inventory of greenhouse gases in gas exhaust of the city of Rio de Janeiro

Os resultados desse estudo apresentam as emissões de dióxido de carbono e metano, de responsabilidade do município, provenientes dos setores de energia, indústria, tratamento de resíduos, transporte, uso do solo e, florestas e agricultura.