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1.
Psicológica (Valencia, Ed. impr.) ; 32(1): 49-63, 2011. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-84597

ABSTRACT

Los animales que viven aislados en la adultez presentan indicadores conductuales de estrés crónico, ansiedad e hipoalgesia. Si bien existe una amplia gama de tratamientos que evidencian las relaciones entre la frustración, el dolor y la ansiedad, pocos trabajos estudiaron el efecto que podría tener el aislamiento en la adultez sobre las respuestas de los animales ante la devaluación de incentivos. Se evaluaron ratas aisladas (Aislados) y agrupadas (Agrupados) a partir de los 60 días de edad en la sensibilidad al dolor con la prueba de la placa térmica (PT) y en el efecto de reforzamiento parcial sobre el contraste sucesivo negativo consumatorio (ERP-CSNc). En el ERP-CSNc dos grupos de animales (Aislados y Agrupados) recibieron una fase de precambio con ensayos bajo un Programa de reforzamiento continuo (RC, consumo de 32% de solución azucarada) y otros dos grupos (Aislados y Agrupados) en uno de reforzamiento parcial (RP, 50% reforzados con 32% de solución azucarada y 50% no reforzados). En la fase de postcambio los cuatro grupos recibieron soluciones de sacarosa al 4%. Se midió el tiempo que el animal permanecía en contacto con el bebedero (TB). Las ratas aisladas mostraron hipoalgesia en la PT. En el ERP-CSNc, tanto las ratas aisladas como las agrupadas entrenadas en RP mostraron el mismo grado de mayor persistencia de TB durante la fase de postcambio, respecto de los entrenados bajo RC. Estos resultados se discuten en función de trabajos previos y de los posibles mecanismos implicados (AU)


Animals isolated in adulthood present behavioral indicators of chronic stress, anxiety and hypoalgesia. While there is a wide range of treatments that demonstrate the relationship between frustration, pain and anxiety, there are few studies of the effect of isolation in adulthood on the devaluation of incentives. Isolated (ISO) and grouped (Group) rats from 60 days of age were evaluated on the hot plate test (HP) and the effect of partial reinforcement on consummatory successive negative contrast (ERP-cSNC). In the ERPcSNC, two groups of animals (ISO- Group) were given a preshift phase under a continuous reinforcement schedule (CR, 32% consumption of sugar solution) and two other groups (ISO- Group), under a partial reinforcement schedule (PR, 50% reinforced and unreinforced 32%); in postshift phase all groups received a 4% solution. Goal tracking time was measured. ISO rats showed hypoalgesia in HP. In the ERP-CSNC, both ISO and Group rats trained in PR showed greater persistence of goal tracking time during the postshift phase. These results are discussed considering previous research and the possible mechanisms involved (AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Rats , Social Isolation/psychology , Pain/psychology , Loneliness/psychology , Behavior, Animal/physiology , Anti-Anxiety Agents/therapeutic use , Psychology, Social/methods , Psychology, Social/trends , Anxiety/psychology , Motivation , Environmental Incentives and Subsidies , Data Analysis/methods , Analysis of Variance
2.
Eng. sanit. ambient ; 12(3): 317-324, jul.-set. 2007. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-466567

ABSTRACT

Os acidentes em postos e sistemas retalhistas resultam de forma imediata em danos graves à vida de pessoas, na contaminação do solo e da água. O objetivo deste trabalho foi discutir a importância da atuação conjunta dos órgãos ambientais e de saúde e subsidiar a estruturação do Sistema Nacional de Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental. A metodologia consistiu no estudo da literatura nacional e internacional; levantamento dos dados existentes em oito órgãos ambientais estaduais brasileiros sobre atendimentos emergenciais e análise de um caso ocorrido no município de Guarulhos, Estado de São Paulo, em janeiro de 2005. Os resultados revelaram que esses acidentes são importante causa de acidentes ambientais e há grande diferença na atuação dos diversos órgãos ambientais. Também demonstra que a estruturação da vigilância em saúde ambiental deve abordar a interface com outras instituições públicas envolvidas.


The accidents in gas stations and retailing systems result in grave damages to the life of people and contamination of the soil and water. The objective is to discuss the importance of the joint action of environmental and health organs and to subsidize the structuring of the National System of Surveillance in Environmental Health. The methodology consisted of the studying of the national and international literature; to compile the existent data on eight environmental organs about accidents, and analysis of one case occurred in Guarulhos, State of São Paulo, in January, 2005. The results revealed that these accidents are an important cause of environmental accidents and that there is a great difference in the actions of the diverse environmental organs and demonstrates that the structure of surveillance in environmental health should consider the interface with other public institutions.


Subject(s)
Emergency Medical Services , Environmental Health , Environmental Incentives and Subsidies , Fuels , Public Health , Surveillance in Disasters
3.
Eng. sanit. ambient ; 12(1): 52-61, jan.-mar. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-455465

ABSTRACT

Este estudo avalia sistemas de reciclagem e de disposição de resíduos sólidos domésticos que possuem incentivos fiscais definidos pela Lei Estadual nº 13.803/2000 de Minas Gerais. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida por análise de documentação de licenciamento ambiental de aterros sanitários e usinas de reciclagem e compostagem de resíduos financiados pela referida Lei e por visitas às unidades sanitárias, sendo usados os instrumentos metodológicos da agência ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB) que avaliam as condições de instalação e operação desses tipos de empreendimentos. Do estudo, constatou-se que o incentivo de Minas Gerais, definido pela Lei do ICMS Ecológico, traz importantes benefícios ambientais aos municípios, embora ainda seja reduzido o número dos contemplados por esse fomento à gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos. Conclui-se, também, que algumas das unidades estudadas apresentam problemas de natureza ambiental e operacional.


This paper reports a qualitative assessment made at the sanitary landfill, recycling centers and composting units sponsored by the State Law No 13.803/2000, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The analyses of all the documentation used for the environmental licensing process as well as field trips to sanitary landfills and domestic recycle/composting unities were performed. The IQC and IQR indexes from the São Paulo State Environmental Agency (CETESB) were used as quality assessment tools. It is concluded that this State Law (Ecological ICMS Law) has been promoting substantial environmental benefits to the local communities, despite it is still small the number of cities which have been attended by this regulation for solid waste management. On the other hand, it can be noticed that some operational and environmental issues remain to be addressed in the visited facilities.


Subject(s)
Domestic Wastes , Quality Control , Sanitary Landfill , Solid Waste Use , Wastewater Disposal , Environmental Incentives and Subsidies
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