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1.
Acta amaz ; 48(3): 191-196, July-Sept. 2018. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1455368

ABSTRACT

The relationship between the indices of thermal comfort and internal temperature in lactating cows was evaluated inRondônia, western Amazonia in a 2 × 2 crossover trial carried out with eight Girolando cows, ½ Holstein × ½ Gyr (n=4) and Holstein × » Gyr (n=4), grazing palisade grass supplemented with or without soybean oil concentrates. Data logger thermometers adapted to intravaginal devices (hormone free) were used to measure internal temperatures (IT) every 10 min over 48 h. Concomitantly, environmental parameters (air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation) were collected for the estimation of the temperature-humidity index (THI), equivalent temperature index (ETI), and predicted respiratory rate (PRR). Supplementation with soybean oil did not affect the internal temperature of the cows. IT varied significantly between the genetic groups, with the highest mean observed at night in the Holstein × » Gyr cows, compared with that in the ½ Holstein × ½ Gyr cows (39.54 °C vs 39.06 °C, respectively). THI, ETI, and PRR were significantly and positively correlated with the IT of the Girolando cows; however, the PRR was not found to be adequate in indicating the night-time heat stress in cows.


A relação entre índices de conforto térmico com a temperatura interna de vacas lactantes foi avaliada em Rondônia, na Amazônia Ocidental, em um ensaio crossover 2x2 utilizando oito vacas Girolando, ½ Holandês x ½ Gir (n=4) e Holandês x » Gir (n=4) pastejando capim-marandu suplementadas com concentrados contendo ou não óleo de soja. A temperatura interna (TI) dos animais foi aferida com termômetros eletrônicos adaptados em dispositivos intravaginais (livres de hormônio) a cada 10 minutos durante 48h. Concomitantemente, dados climáticos (temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar, velocidade do vento e radiação solar) foram coletados para cálculo dos índices de temperatura e umidade (ITU), índice de temperatura equivalente (ITE) e o índice de frequência respiratória predita (PFR). A suplementação com óleo de soja não afetou a temperatura interna das vacas. A TI variou significativamente entre os grupos genéticos, com a maior média observada à noite nas vacas Holandês × » Gir em relação às ½ Holandês × ½ Gir (39,54 °C vs 39,06 °C, respectivamente). ITU, ITE e PFR tiveram correlação significativa e positiva com a TI de vacas Girolando, mas o PFR não foi adequado para indicar estresse térmico em vacas no período da noite.


Subject(s)
Female , Animals , Cattle , Body Temperature , Heat Stress Disorders/veterinary , Environmental Statistics/analysis , Soybean Oil/adverse effects
2.
Med. segur. trab ; 63(249): 319-330, oct.-dic. 2017. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-173303

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: En anatomía patológica, existen variedad de agentes químicos que deben ser controlados. Por su potencial cancerígeno destacan el Formaldehído (CH2 O), Xileno y los Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles (COVs). Objetivo: Valorar la eficacia del uso de purificadores mediante la fotocatalización y los sistemas de friocongelación, para el control de los niveles de exposición a CH2 O, Xileno y COVs. Objetivo Secundario: Comparar mediciones de Formaldehído con otros 3 hospitales de la Comunidad de Madrid. Metodología: Se realizaron 26 mediciones ambientales en Anatomía Patológica del Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada (HUF), en febrero del año 2017 y en marzo del mismo año, posterior a la instalación de los purificadores y sistemas de friocongelación, en las áreas de laboratorio y sala de tallado. Se valora Xileno y COVs con el método PID (detector de fotoionización, PID por sus siglas en inglés, PhotoIonization Detector) y de CH2 O a través de un Sistema de Detección de Gas. Como criterio para valorar la exposición a COVs se tomó como gas de referencia el isobutileno con un VLA-EC de 100 ppm. Para el Xileno se compararon los resultados con el VLA-EC 100 ppm y para el CH2 O con el VLA-EC de 0,3 ppm, establecidos en la guía de «Límites de Exposición Profesional para Agentes Químicos» del Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo. Resultados: Los niveles de exposición previos no superaban los valores límites. Se observó que tras la implantación de las medidas preventivas colectivas estos valores disminuyeron, obteniéndose resultados estadísticamente significativos: COVs (p= 0.0002; IC 95% 2.393- 5.506), Xileno (p= 0.0002; IC 95% 1.021- 2.359) y CH2 O (p= 0.0004; IC 95% 0.210-0.350). Conclusiones: El sistema integral de friocongelación y purificación mediante fotocatalización optimizan el control de la exposición a dichos agentes químicos, anulando las fuentes de emisión


Background: In anatomical pathology, there are a variety of chemical agents that must be controlled due to their carcinogenic potential, such as formaldehyde (CH2 O), Xylene and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness use of purifiers by photocatalysis and freezing systems for the control of exposure levels to CH2 O, Xylene and VOCs. Secondary Objective: To compare the Formaldehyde measurements among other 3 hospitals in the Community of Madrid. Methodology: 26 environmental assessments were performed in the Anatomical Pathology Department at the Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada (HUF, Madrid), in February 2017 and in March of the same year, after installing the purifiers and the freezing systems in the laboratory and room carved areas. Xylene and VOCs are evaluated using the PID method (Photo-Ionization Detector) and CH2 O through a Gas Detection System. As a criterion for assessing exposure to VOCs, isobutylene was used as a reference gas with a VLA-EC of 100 ppm. For Xylene the results were compared with the VLA-EC 100 ppm and for the CH2 O with the VLA-EC of 0.3 ppm, established in the guide of "Occupational Exposure Limits for Chemical Agents" from the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. Results: Previous exposure levels did not exceed the limit values. It was observed that these values decreased after the implementation of collective preventive measures, obtaining statistically significant results: VOCs (p = 0,0002, 95% CI 2,393-5,506), Xylene (P = 0,0002, 95% CI 1,021-2,359) and CH2 O (p = 0,0004, 95% CI 0,210-0,350). Conclusions: The integrated system of freeze-thawing and photocatalytic purification optimize the exposure control to these chemical agents, canceling emission sources


Subject(s)
Humans , Containment of Biohazards/analysis , Formaldehyde/isolation & purification , Xylenes/isolation & purification , Volatile Organic Compounds/isolation & purification , Respiratory Protective Devices , Pathology Department, Hospital/organization & administration , Medical Waste/analysis , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Process Optimization/methods , Environmental Statistics/analysis
3.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 44(3): 138-144, mar. 2012.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-97606

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Conocer las cifras de fumadores pasivos, los lugares donde con más frecuencia se produce la exposición al humo de tabaco (HT), la opinión de fumadores y no fumadores sobre estos espacios y la influencia que pueden ejercer sobre el tabaquismo. Diseño: Estudio observacional descriptivo y transversal de una muestra de conveniencia. Emplazamiento: Multicéntrico, centros de salud (CS) españoles. Participantes: 9.733 mayores de 16 años usuarios y trabajadores de los CS que en abril de 2008 acudieron a dichos centros. Mediciones principales: Condición de fumador, sexo, profesión y opinión que les merece la exposición al HT. Resultados: Se consideran fumadores pasivos en lugares públicos el 42,4% de los encuestados y en lugares cerrados el 96,8%. El 91,8% consideran que el HT es perjudicial para los no fumadores, el 70,3% que los espacios libres de humos de tabaco (ELHT) son buenos para no empezar a fumar y el 71,8% para dejar de fumar. El 81,1% prefieren ELHT. Están más expuestos al HT en el coche (79,8%) y cafeterías (34,7%). Son los no fumadores, tanto hombres como mujeres, los que significativamente comparten estas opiniones (p<0,05). Conclusiones: En conjunto, los encuestados se consideran fumadores pasivos, piensan que los espacios sin humo disminuyen la incidencia de tabaquismo, favorecen que se deje de fumar y además, los prefiere para vivir. Esto hace recapacitar sobre la necesidad de instar a los gobiernos a establecer medidas legislativas que promuevan ELHT, dadas las preferencias de la mayor parte de la población(AU)


Objective: To determine the number of passive smokers, the environments where exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) is higher, the opinion of smokers and non-smokers with regard to these spaces and their influence on smoking. Design: Descriptive and cross-sectional observational study of a convenience sample. Location: Multi-centre, Spanish Health-care Centres. Participants: A total of 9733 people older than 16 years who were seen or were working in Spanish Health-care Centres in April 2008. Main measurements: Smoker condition, gender, profession and their opinion with regard to second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure. Results: A total of 42.4% of participants considered themselves second-hand (passive) smokers in public places and 96.8% in indoor areas. Almost all of them (91.8%) considered SHS exposure harmful for non-smokers, Smoke-free environments were considered to be good for discouraging people from starting to smoke (70.3%), and for quitting smoking (71.8%). Smoke-free environments were preferred by 81.1%. They felt more exposed SHS inside a car (79.8%) and in cafes (34.7%). Non-smokers, both men and women, shared these opinions significantly (P<.05). Conclusions: Altogether, those surveyed considered themselves as second-hand smokers and think that smoke-free environments reduce the impact of smoking and help in quitting smoking. Besides, they prefer living in those environments. Considering the preferences of most of the population, this stresses the need to urge governments to establish legislative measures promoting smoke-free environments(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Attitude , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/statistics & numerical data , Public Opinion , Environmental Statistics/analysis
4.
Rev. argent. salud publica ; 1(4): 6-13, sept. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597387

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN. Se trata de una investigación ecoepidemiológica que aplica métodos y teorías de la antropología social para comprender la relación hombre-ambiente en ocasión de un brote epidémico de Leishmaniasis Tegumentaria Americana (LTA) en 2004. OBJETIVOS: estudio micro social que se propone indagar en la contribución que puede hacer la antropología social al enfoque ecoepidemiológico, a partir del conocimiento de prácticas y representaciones sociales de los pobladores locales sobre la enfermedad. MÉTODO: el método se diseñó a partir de un análisis crítico de artículos publicados recientemente sobre aspectos sociales de la LTA en la región. Consistió en dos etapas: 1) Entrevistas en profundidad (informantes clave, enfermos de LTA y residentes en el barrio rural “2.000 ha”) y observación participante (Feria Franca). 2)Entrevista semi-estructurada aplicada a todas las unidades domésticas ubicadas a menos de 300 m del borde que separa “2.000 ha” de una reserva natural selvática. RESULTADOS: el lugar de estudio fue colonizado espontánea y conflictivamente. La transmisión prevaleció por contacto con vegetación primaria. Sin embargo, los productores organizados refirieron mayoritariamente al origen urbano de la enfermedad. Entre quienes residen en el límite con la selva, el 18% atribuyó el origen de la enfermedad al monte y un insecto, pero se representan viviendo en un espacio libre de riesgo (aun cuando el 77% mora a menos de 100 m de la reserva). CONCLUSIONES: la información social recabada se considera crítica para planificar acciones de prevención, vigilancia y control con participación comunitaria.


INTRODUCTION: The human-environment understanding in a American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) outbreak was approached both from the field methods and the theory of social anthropology. OBJECTIVE: this micro-social research on local inhabitants practices and representations about illness was analyzed to inquire about the social anthropology contribution to ecoepidemiological studies. METHOD: the field design was based on a critical analysis of recently published papers about ATL in Latin America. It was developed in two stages. 1) In deep interviews with cue informants (public health and ATL and patients) and participant observation (local market).2) semi-structured interview to all domestic units settled less than 300 m “2.000 ha” from the natural reserve border. RESULTS: “2.000 ha” is a chaotic and controversial settlement. Disease transmission prevails by contact with primary forest. In spite of this, among farmers gathered by rural projects, the urban origin of the disease was the prevalent idea. Among the people settled in the forest edge, 18%involved the forest and an insect with ATL origin, but they represented them selves living in a risk free area (77% living less than 100 m from the forest). CONCLUSIONS: The information obtained is critical to design participative strategies of surveillanceand control.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anthropology , Data Collection , Environmental Hazards , Interviews as Topic/methods , Environmental Statistics/analysis , Health Workforce , Health Surveys , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/epidemiology , Evidence-Based Medicine/statistics & numerical data , Risk Groups
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