ABSTRACT
Multiplexed analysis has the advantage of allowing for simultaneous detection of multiple analytes in a single reaction vessel which reduces time, labor, and cost as compared to single-reaction-based detection methods. Microsphere-based suspension array technologies, such as the Luminex® xMAP® system, offer high-throughput detection of both protein and nucleic acid targets in multiple assay chemistries. After Luminex's founding in 1995, it quickly became the leader in bead-based multiplexing solutions. Today, xMAP Technology is the most widely adopted bead-based multiplexing platform with over 35,000 peer-reviewed publications, an installed base of approximately 15,500 instruments, and over 70 Luminex Partners offering more than 1300 research use kits as well as custom assay solutions. Because of the open architecture of the xMAP platform it has been implemented in a variety of applications that range from transplant medicine, biomarker discovery and validation, pathogen detection, drug discovery, vaccine development, personalized medicine, neurodegeneration, and cancer research.
Subject(s)
High-Throughput Screening Assays/history , Microspheres , Biomarkers/analysis , Enzyme Assays/history , Enzyme Assays/instrumentation , Enzyme Assays/methods , Enzyme Assays/trends , Flow Cytometry/history , Flow Cytometry/instrumentation , Flow Cytometry/methods , Flow Cytometry/trends , High-Throughput Screening Assays/instrumentation , High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods , High-Throughput Screening Assays/trends , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Immunoassay/history , Immunoassay/instrumentation , Immunoassay/methods , Immunoassay/trends , Magnetic Phenomena , Nucleic Acid HybridizationABSTRACT
ARKRAY, Inc developed the world's first automatic glycohemoglobin analyzer based on HPLC (1981). After that, ARKRAY developed enzymatic HbA1c assay "CinQ HbA1c" with the spread and diversification of HbA1c measurement (2007). CinQ HbA1c is the kit of Clinical Chemistry Analyzer, which uses fructosyl peptide oxidase (FPOX) for a measurement reaction. This report mainly indicates the developmental background, measurement principle, and future of the enzymatic method HbA1c reagent.
Subject(s)
Amino Acid Oxidoreductases/blood , Blood Chemical Analysis/methods , Diabetes Mellitus/blood , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Blood Chemical Analysis/history , Enzyme Assays/history , History, 20th Century , Humans , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic/historyABSTRACT
Fifty years ago, the group of Tony Mathias and Bob Rabin at University College London deduced the first mechanism for catalysis by an enzyme, ribonuclease [Findlay, D., Herries, D. G., Mathias, A. P., Rabin, B. R., and Ross, C. A. (1961) Nature 190, 781-784]. Here, we celebrate this historic accomplishment by surveying knowledge of enzymology and protein science at that time, facts that led to the formulation of the mechanism, criticisms and alternative mechanisms, data that supported the proposed mechanism, and some of the refinements that have since provided a more precise picture of catalysis of RNA cleavage by ribonucleases. The Mathias and Rabin mechanism has appeared in numerous textbooks, monographs, and reviews and continues to have a profound impact on biochemistry.
