Dermatopathy caused by Tephrosia noctiflora intoxication in cattle.

An outbreak of a disease characterized by emaciation, dermatitis with erythema, alopecia, foul-smelling exudation, crusting, hyperpigmentation, lichenification, and edema of fore- and hindlimbs, chest and dewlap is described affecting cattle in the State of Alagoas, Northeastern Brazil. Microscopically, the main lesions were characterized by diffuse dermatitis with infiltration of lymphocytes, histiocytes, parakeratotic hyperkeratosis and acanthosis. The plant Tephrosia noctiflora, which exhibited signs of consumption, infested the grazing areas of cattle. To test its toxicity, T. noctiflora was harvested, dried in the shade, crushed and sourced at a concentration of 50% mixed with commercial food for three guinea pigs. The main clinical signs in guinea pigs included weight loss and multifocal, moderate to severe areas of alopecia, diffuse erythema of the skin, vaginal edema and hematuria. Microscopically, lymphocytic and histiocytic dermatitis, parakeratotic hyperkeratosis and acanthosis were noted in guinea pigs. This experiment confirms that T. noctiflora is the cause of outbreaks of dermatitis observed in cattle grazing in areas infested by this plant.

Dermatose actínica em cão: relato de caso / Actinic dermatosis in dogs: a cse report

O trabalho tem o objetivo de relatar um caso de Dermatose Actínica em cadela adulta, 8 anos apresentando pele eritematosa. Na avaliação clínica a cadela apresentou os parâmetros normais da espécie, porém devido às lesões observadas foram solicitados exames citológico e parasitológico de pele, que demonstraram a presença de bactérias (cocos), neutrófilos degenerados e fungos dermatófitos além de demodicidose. O tratamento consistiu do uso de inúmeras drogas como itraconazol, amoxicilina com clavulonato de potássio, predinisolona, Sarolaner e imunomoduladores, além de tratamento tópico com cetoconazol shampoo e creme. Geralmente, as piodermites profundas que atingem o folículo de cães e formam feridas ulceradas, causam uma inflamação crônica na pele, por conta de raios-ultravioletas do sol, ou predisposição familiar ou hipersensibilidade microbiana, ou por outras doenças e, normalmente, são reincidentes e não permitem a cura. Entretanto, nesse caso específico, o tratamento permitiu a melhora do animal (~80%).(AU)

The aim of this paper is to report a case of Actinic Dermatosis in an 8-year-old female adult female with erythematous skin. In the clinical evaluation, the animal presented normal parameters for the species, but, due to the lesions observed, cytological and parasitological skin tests were requested, which showed the presence of bacteria (cocci), degenerated neutrophils, and dermatophyte fungi, and demodicidosis. Treatment consisted of the use of numerous drugs such as itraconazole, amoxicillin with potassium clavulonate, predinisolone, Sarolaner, and immunomodulators; in addition to topical treatment with ketoconazole shampoo and cream. Generally, deep pyoderma that reach the follicle of dogs and form ulcerated wounds, cause a chronic inflammation of the skin, due to the sun's ultraviolet rays, or familial predisposition or microbial hypersensitivity, or due to other diseases and, usually, they are recurrent and do not allow healing. However, in this specific case, the treatment allowed the animal to improve (~80%).(AU)

Lúpus eritematoso sistêmico associado a manifestações neurológicas em cadela da raça Border Collie / Systemic lupus erythematosus associated with neurological manifestations in a Border Collie bitch

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an immune-mediated and multisystemic disorder which etiology is believed to be multifactorial. Its clinical signs vary accordingly to affected organs, cutaneous lesions being the most frequently observed. There are few reports of SLE in dogs with neurological manifestations. Therefore, the aim of this report is to describe a case of SLE in a dog with indicative signs of nervous system involvement. Case: A 6-year-old Border Collie bitch was referred to the Veterinary Hospital (HVU) of the University of Uberaba (UNIUBE) with a history of cluster seizures, inappetence and urinary incontinence. Erythema and flaking of nasal plan were noted on physical examination, and splenomegaly on abdominal palpation. Thrombocytopenia and slightly increased ALT were found on blood tests. Ehrlichiosis was suspected and doxycycline was prescribed along with phenobarbital for the control of seizures. In the follow-up visit, the dog was still presenting urinary incontinence, thrombocytopenia and splenomegaly. Also, an ulcer on the nasal mucocutaneous junction was observed. The patient went through a neurological examination which indicated thalamocortical lesion. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were obtained for cytology, culture and canine distemper test, and serology tests for leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis and neosporosis were done. No alterations were found in these exams. The histopathology of the nasal lesion was proceeded and showed results consistent with lupus erythematosus. It was prescribed a 15-day course of prednisolone at immunosuppressive dose. The patient showed clinical improvement with this treatment. Azathioprine was started along with gradual removal of prednisolone. After twenty days of discontinuation of this drug, the dog presented epileptic seizures, urinary incontinence, thrombocytopenia, increased ALT and worsened nasal lesion. Prednisolone at immunosuppressive dose was reintroduced and the dose of phenobarbital, increased. One week past this, the patient showed inappetence and an extensive hematoma in the thoracic region. Lab exams confirmed drug-induced acute pancreatitis. All medications were interrupted, the patient was hospitalized, and treatment for pancreatitis was initiated, but the dog passed away. Discussion: For involving multiple body systems and for presenting varied clinical signs, diagnosing SLE can be challenging in clinical routine. The dog from this report was a Border Collie; this breed is considered to be predisposed to this disease. The animal had a history of being exposed to solar radiation for a large part of the day, had dyspigmentation of nasal plan and had no application of sunscreen, predisposing the occurrence of SLE. Neurological signs are uncommon in SLE, but the seizures and the urinary incontinence were the main reasons for the dog's guardian to look for medical assistance. The suspicion for SLE was raised due to cutaneous manifestations and persistent thrombocytopenia along with splenomegaly. Histopathological findings are essential for diagnosing SLE, as well as antinuclear antibody tests. Nonetheless, due to financial limitations, this last test was not performed. Azathioprine is an immunomodulating drug largely used along with glucocorticoids when treating SLE; however, this medication is prone to induce side effects as the ones presented by the dog from this report. Therefore, it is concluded that SLE should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients showing cutaneous, hematological, systemic and neurological manifestations, considering the variety of signs caused by this disorder.(AU)

Efeito auxiliar do ceruminolítico na terapia tópica de cães (Canis lupus familiaris) com otite externa ceruminosa / Help effect of ceruminolytic in topic therapy of dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) with external otitis ceruminous

Avaliou-se o efeito auxiliar do ceruminolítico em cães com otite externa. Foram estudados cães com otite externa ceruminosa bilateral, cujas orelhas foram avaliadas por palpação, inspeção, otoscopia e cultivos fúngico e bacteriano. Para o tratamento, realizado duas vezes ao dia por 15 dias, os animais foram divididos em dois grupos A e B. Os animais do grupo A foram tratados com ceruminolítico e solução otológica, contendo, respectivamente, ácido salicílico e aminoglicosídeo, e os do grupo B somente com solução otológica. Realizaram-se avaliações clínicas e microbiológicas nos dias 0 e após 15 de tratamento. Foram estudados 20 cães (n=40 orelhas), com no mínimo eritema na otoscopia e cerúmen em quantidade moderada a intensa. Além desaes, foram mais frequentemente observados eritema (n=16 em ambos grupos) e exsudato ceruminoso na concha acústica (n=14 e n=11, respectivamente, grupos A e B) e  prurido (n=13 e n=11, respectivamente, grupos A e B). Aos 15 dias de tratamento, observou-se redução de todos os sinais clínicos, exceto estenose, que não alterou em nenhum dos grupos, e otalgia, que aumentou no grupo A. Também houve redução dos microrganismos Malassezia pachydermatis e Staphylococcus sp. no grupo B com significância estatística. Bactérias foram mais sensíveis à gentamicina. O uso de ceruminolítico associado à solução otológica reduz os sinais clínicos de otite externa, principalmente odor fétido na concha acústica e quantidade de cerúmen na otoscopia, não interferindo na redução de microrganismos.(AU)

We evaluated the help effect of ceruminolytic in ceruminous external otitis in dogs ears. Dogs with bilateral ceruminous external otitis, whose ears were evaluated by palpation, inspection, otoscopy and fungal and bacterial culture were studied. For the treatment, carried out twice a day during 15 days, the animals were divided into two groups, A and B. The animals in group A were treated with ceruminolytic and otological solution, containing, respectively, salicylic acid and aminoglycoside, while the animals in group B were treated only with otological solution. Clinical and microbiologic evaluations were performed on 0 and 15 days of treatment. Twenty dogs (n=40 ears), with at least erythema in the otoscopy and moderate to intense ceruminous exsudate. Besides these, we observed more erythema (n=16 in both groups) and exsudate in the acoustic conch (n=14 and n=11, respectively, groups A and B) and itch (n=13 and n=11, respectively, groups A and B). On the 15th day, we observed reduction of all clinical signals, except stenosis, which did not change in any of the groups, and pain, which increased in group A. The microorganisms Malassezia pachydermatis e Staphylococcus sp. reduced in treatment B with statistical significance. Bacteria were more sensitive to gentamicin. The use of ceruminolytic associated to otological solution reduced the external ottis clinical signals, mainly exsudate and smell in the acoustic conch and the quantity of cerumen in the otoscopy, without interfering in the microorganisms reduction.(AU)

Efeito auxiliar do ceruminolítico na terapia tópica de cães (Canis lupus familiaris) com otite externa ceruminosa / Help effect of ceruminolytic in topic therapy of dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) with external otitis ceruminous

Avaliou-se o efeito auxiliar do ceruminolítico em cães com otite externa. Foram estudados cães com otite externa ceruminosa bilateral, cujas orelhas foram avaliadas por palpação, inspeção, otoscopia e cultivos fúngico e bacteriano. Para o tratamento, realizado duas vezes ao dia por 15 dias, os animais foram divididos em dois grupos A e B. Os animais do grupo A foram tratados com ceruminolítico e solução otológica, contendo, respectivamente, ácido salicílico e aminoglicosídeo, e os do grupo B somente com solução otológica. Realizaram-se avaliações clínicas e microbiológicas nos dias 0 e após 15 de tratamento. Foram estudados 20 cães (n=40 orelhas), com no mínimo eritema na otoscopia e cerúmen em quantidade moderada a intensa. Além desaes, foram mais frequentemente observados eritema (n=16 em ambos grupos) e exsudato ceruminoso na concha acústica (n=14 e n=11, respectivamente, grupos A e B) e  prurido (n=13 e n=11, respectivamente, grupos A e B). Aos 15 dias de tratamento, observou-se redução de todos os sinais clínicos, exceto estenose, que não alterou em nenhum dos grupos, e otalgia, que aumentou no grupo A. Também houve redução dos microrganismos Malassezia pachydermatis e Staphylococcus sp. no grupo B com significância estatística. Bactérias foram mais sensíveis à gentamicina. O uso de ceruminolítico associado à solução otológica reduz os sinais clínicos de otite externa, principalmente odor fétido na concha acústica e quantidade de cerúmen na otoscopia, não interferindo na redução de microrganismos.

We evaluated the help effect of ceruminolytic in ceruminous external otitis in dogs ears. Dogs with bilateral ceruminous external otitis, whose ears were evaluated by palpation, inspection, otoscopy and fungal and bacterial culture were studied. For the treatment, carried out twice a day during 15 days, the animals were divided into two groups, A and B. The animals in group A were treated with ceruminolytic and otological solution, containing, respectively, salicylic acid and aminoglycoside, while the animals in group B were treated only with otological solution. Clinical and microbiologic evaluations were performed on 0 and 15 days of treatment. Twenty dogs (n=40 ears), with at least erythema in the otoscopy and moderate to intense ceruminous exsudate. Besides these, we observed more erythema (n=16 in both groups) and exsudate in the acoustic conch (n=14 and n=11, respectively, groups A and B) and itch (n=13 and n=11, respectively, groups A and B). On the 15th day, we observed reduction of all clinical signals, except stenosis, which did not change in any of the groups, and pain, which increased in group A. The microorganisms Malassezia pachydermatis e Staphylococcus sp. reduced in treatment B with statistical significance. Bacteria were more sensitive to gentamicin. The use of ceruminolytic associated to otological solution reduced the external ottis clinical signals, mainly exsudate and smell in the acoustic conch and the quantity of cerumen in the otoscopy, without interfering in the microorganisms reduction.

Dermatose responsiva ao zinco revisão de literatura / Zinc responsive dermatosis - review

A dermatose responsiva ao zinco é uma doença descamativa rara e nutricionalmente responsiva. É divididaem duas síndromes distintas. As lesões dermatológicas mais comuns são eritema, descamação e formação de crostas que envolvem face, cabeça, escroto e pernas. O diagnóstico presuntivo é realizado por dosagens de zinco, histopatologia, porém o diagnóstico definitivo se dá através da resposta positiva ao tratamento. O diagnóstico diferencial deve ser realizado principalmente com a acrodermatite letal. O tratamento se baseia em melhora nutricional e administração do zinco. (AU)

Zinc responsive dermatosis is a rare desquamative disease with nutritional response. It is divided in two distinctsyndromes. The most common dermatologic lesions are erythema, desquamation and crusts at face, head,scrotum and legs. The presumptive diagnosis can be obtained by zinc measurements and histopathology, butdefinitive diagnosis is based on the positive response to treatment. The differential diagnosis must be donemainly with lethal acrodermatitis. The treatment is based on nutritional improvement and zinc administration. (AU)

Dermatose responsiva ao zinco – revisão de literatura / Zinc responsive dermatosis - review

A dermatose responsiva ao zinco é uma doença descamativa rara e nutricionalmente responsiva. É divididaem duas síndromes distintas. As lesões dermatológicas mais comuns são eritema, descamação e formação de crostas que envolvem face, cabeça, escroto e pernas. O diagnóstico presuntivo é realizado por dosagens de zinco, histopatologia, porém o diagnóstico definitivo se dá através da resposta positiva ao tratamento. O diagnóstico diferencial deve ser realizado principalmente com a acrodermatite letal. O tratamento se baseia em melhora nutricional e administração do zinco.

Zinc responsive dermatosis is a rare desquamative disease with nutritional response. It is divided in two distinctsyndromes. The most common dermatologic lesions are erythema, desquamation and crusts at face, head,scrotum and legs. The presumptive diagnosis can be obtained by zinc measurements and histopathology, butdefinitive diagnosis is based on the positive response to treatment. The differential diagnosis must be donemainly with lethal acrodermatitis. The treatment is based on nutritional improvement and zinc administration.

Eritema multiforme em cão / Erythem a multiforme in a dog

O eritema multiforme é uma doença incomum na prática dermatológica de pequenos animais e se manifesta como uma desordem inflamatória caracterizada por lesões de diferentes apresentações em pele e/ou mucosas. Acredita-se que esta dermatopatia em cães seja mais comumente associada à hipersensibilidade medicamentosa, e, em menor escala, relacionada a neoplasias, infecções e idiopática. O objetivo do presente artigo é relatar um caso de Eritema Multiforme (EM) num canino, fêmea, sem raça definida, com doze anos de idade, apresentando problemas na pele e conduto auditivo durante um período anterior de três meses. As lesões tinham aspectode placas eritematosas com centro mais claro, em forma de alvo, envolvendo pele e mucosas; os condutos auditivos apresentavam secreção purulenta abundante. Após o diagnóstico clínicopresuntivo de EM, foi realizado exame histopatológico que confirmou a suspeita. O animal recebeu corticoterapia sistêmica e medicação otológica tópica apresentando remissão significativa das lesões. (AU)

Erythema multiforme is an uncommon disease in small animal dermatology practice and occurs as an inflammatory disorder characterized by different presentations skin and/or mucousmembranes injuries.It is believed that this skin disease in dogs is usually drug hypersensitivity associated, and to a lesser extent, related to cancer, infections, and idiopathic. This paper aims to report an erythema multiforme case in a female, mixed breed, with twelve years old dog with skin and ear disorders for about three months. Lesionss appearance were erythematous plaques with central ligther-shaped target, involving skin and mucous membranes. The auditive canalhad abundant purulent secretion. After the presumptive clinical diagnosis of Erythema multiforme, histopathologic examination has performed which confirmed the suspicion. The animalreceived oral corticosteroids and topical ear medication that resulted in significant remission of the lesions. (AU)

Eritema multiforme em cão / Erythem a multiforme in a dog

O eritema multiforme é uma doença incomum na prática dermatológica de pequenos animais e se manifesta como uma desordem inflamatória caracterizada por lesões de diferentes apresentações em pele e/ou mucosas. Acredita-se que esta dermatopatia em cães seja mais comumente associada à hipersensibilidade medicamentosa, e, em menor escala, relacionada a neoplasias, infecções e idiopática. O objetivo do presente artigo é relatar um caso de Eritema Multiforme (EM) num canino, fêmea, sem raça definida, com doze anos de idade, apresentando problemas na pele e conduto auditivo durante um período anterior de três meses. As lesões tinham aspectode placas eritematosas com centro mais claro, em forma de alvo, envolvendo pele e mucosas; os condutos auditivos apresentavam secreção purulenta abundante. Após o diagnóstico clínicopresuntivo de EM, foi realizado exame histopatológico que confirmou a suspeita. O animal recebeu corticoterapia sistêmica e medicação otológica tópica apresentando remissão significativa das lesões.

Erythema multiforme is an uncommon disease in small animal dermatology practice and occurs as an inflammatory disorder characterized by different presentations skin and/or mucousmembranes injuries.It is believed that this skin disease in dogs is usually drug hypersensitivity associated, and to a lesser extent, related to cancer, infections, and idiopathic. This paper aims to report an erythema multiforme case in a female, mixed breed, with twelve years old dog with skin and ear disorders for about three months. Lesions’s appearance were erythematous plaques with central ligther-shaped target, involving skin and mucous membranes. The auditive canalhad abundant purulent secretion. After the presumptive clinical diagnosis of Erythema multiforme, histopathologic examination has performed which confirmed the suspicion. The animalreceived oral corticosteroids and topical ear medication that resulted in significant remission of the lesions.

Eritema necrolítico migratório (dermatite necrolítica superficial)em uma cadela diabética: síndorme do glucagonoma? / Necrolitic migratory erithema (superficial necrolytic dermatitis) in a diabetic bitch: glucagonoma syndrome?

O eritema necrolítico migratório é uma síndrome cutânea rara em humanos e cães muitas vezes associadaà presença de tumores pancreáticos produtores de glucagon. Pacientes com esta síndrome apresentamfrequentemente, além das alterações dermatológicas associadas à necrose epidérmica, a perda de peso e o diabetes mellitus, como consequência da hiperglucagonemia. Apenas um caso de síndrome do glucagonoma canino foi relatado até o momento na literatura nacional e aproximadamente dez casosexistem na literatura mundial. Relatamos um caso de eritema necrolítico migratório em uma cadeladiabética da raça Cocker Spaniel com oito anos de idade e quadro clínico compatível com a síndromedo glucagonoma. (AU)

The necrolytic migratory erythema is a rare skin syndrome in humans and dogs often associated with the presence of glucagon-producing pancreatic tumors. Patients with this syndrome develop epidermal necrosis generally associated with weight loss and diabetes mellitus as a consequence of hyperglucagonemia.Only one case of canine glucagonoma syndrome has been reported so far in the nacional literature and there are about ten cases all over the world. We report a case of necrolytic migratory erythema in an eight year-old, female, diabetic Cocker Spaniel dog with a clinical history compatible withthe glucagonoma syndrome. (AU)

Eritema necrolítico migratório (dermatite necrolítica superficial)em uma cadela diabética: síndorme do glucagonoma? / Necrolitic migratory erithema (superficial necrolytic dermatitis) in a diabetic bitch: glucagonoma syndrome?

O eritema necrolítico migratório é uma síndrome cutânea rara em humanos e cães muitas vezes associadaà presença de tumores pancreáticos produtores de glucagon. Pacientes com esta síndrome apresentamfrequentemente, além das alterações dermatológicas associadas à necrose epidérmica, a perda de peso e o diabetes mellitus, como consequência da hiperglucagonemia. Apenas um caso de síndrome do glucagonoma canino foi relatado até o momento na literatura nacional e aproximadamente dez casosexistem na literatura mundial. Relatamos um caso de eritema necrolítico migratório em uma cadeladiabética da raça Cocker Spaniel com oito anos de idade e quadro clínico compatível com a síndromedo glucagonoma.

The necrolytic migratory erythema is a rare skin syndrome in humans and dogs often associated with the presence of glucagon-producing pancreatic tumors. Patients with this syndrome develop epidermal necrosis generally associated with weight loss and diabetes mellitus as a consequence of hyperglucagonemia.Only one case of canine glucagonoma syndrome has been reported so far in the nacional literature and there are about ten cases all over the world. We report a case of necrolytic migratory erythema in an eight year-old, female, diabetic Cocker Spaniel dog with a clinical history compatible withthe glucagonoma syndrome.

Estudo da frequência de Malassezia pachydermatis em cães com otite externa no Rio Grande do Sul / Study of the frequency of Malassezia pachydermalis in dogs with external otitis in Rio Grande do Sul State/Brazil

A otite externa é uma enfermidade comumente observada em cães e gatos encaminhados à clínica veterinária. A etiologia varia em função de combinações entre os fatores predisponentes, primários e perpetuantes responsáveis pela enfermidade. A Malassezia pachydermatis é considerada um habitante normal da microbiota cutânea e ocasionalmente pode se tornar patógena oportunista do meato acústico externo de cães e gatos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo pesquisar a presença de M. pachydermatis em otite externa canina. Para isso foi pesquisada a presença dessa levedura em otite externa de 168 cães encaminhados aos Hospitais Veterinários das Universidades Federais do Rio Grande do Sul e de Pelotas, assim como em clínicas e canis particulares. A colheita das amostras foi realizada com swab estéril umedecido em solução salina, friccionando-o na porção externa do meato acústico. Logo após realizou-se exame direto a partir de esfregaço do material colhido, corado pelo método de Gram e observado emmicroscopia óptica (1.000X). Também se realizou a semeadura em meio ágar Sabouraud dextrose com cloranfenicol e incubados a 32°C por até dez dias, quando se procedeu à identificação das leveduras. Dos 168 casos de otite externa, a M. pachydermatis foi isolada em 139 (82,7%). Neste estudo, verificou-se também que não houve diferença em relação ao sexo e idade dos animais. A frequência de isolamento nas amostras que apresentaram escore positivo no exame direto foi significativamente maior (p<0,05) que nas amostras que apresentaram escore negativo, verificando-se uma probabilidade sete vezes maior de isolar M. pachydermatis a partir de amostras com exame direto positivo. Conclui-se que a M. pachydermatis é frequentemente isolada em casos de otite externa canina, não se observando diferença de isolamento em relação ao sexo e idade dos animais.

External otitis is a common auditory meatus infirmity diagnosed in dogs and cats sent to veterinarian clinics. The etiology varies according to combinations of predisposing, primary and perpetuating factors, responsible for the disease. Malassezia pachydermatis is considered a normal inhabitant of the skin and can occasionally become an opportunistic pathogen of the external patocanal of dogs and cats. This study aimed to investigate the presence of M. pachydermatis in canine external otitis. The presence of yeast in external otitis of dogs sent to 168 veterinary hospitals in the Federal Universities of Rio Grande do Sul and Pelotas, as well as to clinics and private kennels was investigated. The sampling was performed with a sterile swab moistened with saline solution, rubbing it in the ear canal. Direct examination was performed from swabs of the collected material, stained by Gram method and examined under optical microscopy (1000X). It was seeded on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with chloramphenicol and incubated at 32°C for up to ten days when the yeasts were identified. From the 168 cases of external otitis, M. pachydermatis was isolated in 139 (82.7%) cases. In this study, there was no difference regarding gender and age of the animals. The frequency of isolation in samples with positive scores on direct examination was significantly higher (p <0.05) than in samples with negative score. It was verified that there is a seven times-higher probability of isolating M. pachydermatis from samples with positive direct examination. It was concluded that M. pachydermatis is commonly isolated in canine external otitis cases, without significant difference in relation to sex and age. Animals with ear shifts (eg. English Cocker Spaniel) are more affected by external otitis; however, there is no difference in proportion of the number of isolation of M. pachydermatis among the races.