[Protective glasses. Personal eye protection for professional use]. / Schutzbrille. Persönlicher Augenschutz für den beruflichen Einsatz.

Several activities in the occupational environment or in leisure time implicate an increased risk of eye injuries. Many injuries could be prevented by wearing adequate eye protection devices; however, the selection of appropriate eye protection devices requires considerations of different attributes in order to achieve a maximum of protection efficiency. This article provides an overview on the three basic types of eye protection device, introduces the classification regarding optical and protective properties and gives some additional advice on the selection of protective eyewear beyond the current standard regulations.

Photochromic dynamics of ophthalmic lenses.

We describe and characterize a straightforward test setup for characterizing temporal and spectral dynamics of photochromic spectacle materials. Three measurement examples of contemporary silicate and organic photochromic spectacles are provided. The setup showed a good absolute accuracy of ≤5% of the luminous transmittance (τ(v)) and repeatability of better than 3%. The samples showed different fading times. The sample with the highest dynamic range was the slowest and showed a noticeable change in the transmission spectra during deactivation. The silicate had the lowest dynamic range but also the most homogeneous transmission spectra throughout activation and deactivation. The proposed test device provided accurate results for spectral and temporal dynamics of photochromic materials under realistic conditions.

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: dental management considerations.

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism (OCA), platelet dysfunction, and ceroid storage. It is common among the Puerto Rican population and is expected to spread within the United States and other countries. Due to the platelet deficiency, these patients are of major concern to pediatric dentists. The purpose of this article is to explain in detail the characteristic triad of this syndrome and to propose an adequate approach to perform dental treatment, using appropriate protection recommendations for HPS patients. Recommendations for dental treatment are considered. They include the use of: (1) eyeglasses with 99 UV filter to protect them from the unpleasant dental light stimulus; (2) an extra-soft toothbrush and conservative brushing technique; (3) medication with antifibrinolitic agents; and (4) local measures to achieve hemostasis.

Improving nighttime mobility in persons with night blindness caused by retinitis pigmentosa: A comparison of two low-vision mobility devices.

This study compared the effectiveness of the ITT Night Vision Viewer with the Wide Angle Mobility Lamp (WAML) as low-vision mobility devices for people experiencing night blindness due to retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Both engineering bench testing and functional evaluations were used in the assessments. Engineering evaluations were conducted for (1) consistency of the manufacturer's specifications, (2) ergonomic characteristics, (3) modifications of devices, and (4) pedestrian safety issues. Twenty-seven patients with RP conducted rehabilitation evaluations with each device that included both clinical and functional tests. Both devices improved nighttime travel for people with night blindness as compared with nighttime travel with no device. Overall, the WAML provided better travel efficiency-equivalent to that measured in daytime. Recommendations have been developed on ergonomic factors for both devices. Although some participants preferred the ITT Night Vision Viewer, overall most participants performed better with the WAML.

The FUBI system for solar rating nonprescription eyewear.

BACKGROUND: In an effort to develop a comprehensive method of rating nonprescription eyewear for its ability to protect the eye against solar damage, the FUBI (Fashion, Ultraviolet, Blue, and Infrared) System is presented. The system presents a numeric value, from Oto 100, for each of the three known harmful portions of the solar spectrum: ultraviolet UV), blue/violet (B), and infrared (IR). A fourth value was determined for the fashion (F) of the eyewear as it relates to protection of the eye against reflected or scattered radiation that is not transmitted through the eyewear. METHODS: The numeric value of the system for UV, B, and IR was derived by taking the average transmittance of radiation through each tested lens and weighting it by multiplying that value by a relative toxicity factor (RTF) for each waveband of solar radiation tested. The RTF was derived by multiplying the approximate level of radiation reaching a specified anatomic part of the eye at sea level for each wavelength tested (Elambda) by the inverse of the value of its action spectrum (sensitivity, Slambda) on that part of the eye. This weighted average transmitted percentage of radiation was then deducted from 100 to derive the FUBI value for the UV, B, and IR range. The numeric value for F was derived by measuring the scattered or reflected light from five known sources of luminance at a fixed distance around opacified lenses on each tested frame. RESULTS: The FUBI values for six known commercial products of nonprescription eyewear are presented for comparison. CONCLUSIONS: The FUBI system presents a comprehensive, scientifically valid means of rating nonprescription eyewear for solar protective value. The system will provide consumers of nonprescription eyewear with more useful, comparative information about the protective qualities of eyewear against solar radiation.

Avaliaçäo de proteçäo ocular em feixes de elétrons / Evaluation of eye shield for electron beams

Nos tratamentos por radiaçäo, nos quais a regiäo ocular é exposta ao campo de tratamento, uma proteçäo é colocada entre a pálpebra e o globo ocular para proteger as estruturas oculares mais sensíveis à radiaçäo. Isto é importante, pois uma dose de 500 cGy na córnea pode provocar catarata. A efetividade de uma proteçäo ocular construida em chumbo e uma outra proteçäo comercial (Ace Medical Supply Co., New York) foi avaliada para feixes de elétrons de 5,4 MeV e 3,7 MeV. Na avaliaçäo do efeito de concavidade, verificou-se que o formato côncavo desse tipo de proteçäo permite que o dobro de radiaçäo seja transmitida, comparada a uma proteçäo plana. A proteçäo comercial testada apresentou proteçäo suficiente para o feixe de 3,7 MeV/ entretanto, para o feixe de 5,4 MeV a dose na interface proteçäo-material absorvedor foi 56 por cento da dose na profundidade de dose máxima, dmax, sem a proteçäo. A espessura encontrada para uma dose transmitida de aproximadamente 5 por cento da dose em dmax`, para uma proteçäo desse tipo, para este último feixe, foi de 3mm em chumbo. Um aumento significativo da dose na interface externa da proteçäo ocorre devido ao efeito de retroespalhamento dos elétrons. Para que este efeito seja reduzido a um nível de dose próximo à dose em dmax, espessura mínima de 3mm de poliestireno é necessária para ambos os feixes testados

[Protective eyeglasses]. / Lunettes de sécurite.

Reminder of the materials used for the manufacture of corrective lenses. Belgian statistics concerning eye accidents at work and European legislation concerning the prevention of eye accidents, personal protective equipment, P.P.E. Eye protection for sports.

Protección visual-facial / Eye and face protection

Entre los elementos de protección personal tienen mucha importancia aquellos que protegen los ojos, dado que los accidentes en los mismos significan la pérdida total o parcial de la visión y numerosos días laborales perdidos (AU)

Protección visual-facial / Eye and face protection

Entre los elementos de protección personal tienen mucha importancia aquellos que protegen los ojos, dado que los accidentes en los mismos significan la pérdida total o parcial de la visión y numerosos días laborales perdidos

The effect of test chart design and human factors on visual performance with night vision goggles.

In an effort to increase flight safety, it is imperative to learn as much as possible about the man-goggle interrelationship. This study was undertaken to see if type of goggle or other covariates might affect visual acuity (VA). We tested the VA of 103 aircrew with both the AN/PVS-5 and Aviator's Night Vision Imaging System (ANVIS) goggles using a Snellen vision testing chart and the new Night Vision Goggle (NVG) Resolution (Grid Type) Chart. Average VA's using ANVIS (Snellen = 20/38, Grid = 20/45) were significantly better (p < 0.01) than VA's using AN/PVS-5 (Snellen = 20/54, Grid = 20/58). Snellen VA's were better on average than Grid VA's (p < 0.001). Neither age, gender, nor NVG experience affected average VA at the 0.05 level. Average VA was significantly better (p < 0.05) for non-spectacle wearers using ANVIS goggles and for non-smokers using AN/PVS-5 goggles. Visual acuity is better with ANVIS than with AN/PVS-5 goggles, and may be affected somewhat by wearing spectacles, and by smoking.

Estudo e avaliaçäo dos meios de biossegurança para o cirurgiäo-dentista e auxiliares contra doenças infecto-contagiosas no consultório odontológico / Evaluation of the methods for protection of dental team and prevention from infectious diseases

O presente trabalho visa alertar os cirurgiöes-dentistas para os perigos de transmissäo das doenças infecto-contagiosas no consultório odontológico e corrigir suas técnicas operatórias, visando o controle da infecçäo cruzada. Foram avaliados dispositivos de biossegurança, como máscaras faciais, máscaras retangulares e ovais, óculos e luvas existentes no comércio nacional. As luvas foram avaliadas com relaçäo à incidência de micro-perfuraçöes e localizaçäo dessas por horas de trabalho, e os outros dispositivos foram avaliados em relaçäo à eficiência, visibilidade e comodidade. Todos os dispositivos testados foram aprovados e indicados por serem eficientes