Perfil epidemiológico do trauma facial em um hospital regional do interior da bahia / Epidemiological profile of facial trauma at a regional hospital in the interior of Bahia / Perfil epidemiológico de trauma facial en un hospital regional del interior de Bahia

Introdução:Estudos retrospectivos sobre trauma facial são importantes para quantificar sua demanda para os serviços de saúde, além de contribuir parao planejamento de ações de educação e prevenção. Objetivo:Este estudo teve por objetivo traçar o perfil epidemiológico do trauma facial em um hospital regional do interior da Bahia. Metodologia:Realizou-se um estudo descritivo, transversal, por meio de análise retrospectiva dos prontuários de pacientes vítimas de trauma facial, atendidos no Hospital Geral Prado Valadares, em Jequié-Bahia,Brasil,durante o período de janeiro de 2012 a dezembro de 2014.A análise estatística foi descritiva, sendo calculada em proporções e frequências absolutas e relativas.Para a comparação entre as variáveis foi realizado o teste do Qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fisher.Resultados:Foram analisados 499 prontuários e observou-se que o sexo masculino (81,6%) e a etnia parda (50,3%) foram os mais acometidos pelo trauma facial. A faixa etária de maior prevalência foi de 25 a 34 anos (25,5%).O principal fator etiológico foi o acidente por motocicleta (30,1%) e houve elevada prevalência de traumatismo cranioencefálico (33,5%).Conclusões:No período estudado, verificou-se que indivíduos do sexo masculinoeadultos jovens foram os mais acometidos pelo trauma facial. Os traumas relacionados aos acidentes de motocicletae quedaforam os mais prevalentes (AU).

Introduction:Retrospective studies on facial trauma are important to quantify their demand for health services, in addition to contributing to the planning of education and prevention actions. Objective:This study aimed to trace the epidemiological profile of the facial trauma at a regional hospital in the interior of Bahia. Methodology:A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out through the retrospective analysis of medical records of patients who were victims of facial trauma, attended at the Prado Valadares General Hospital, Jequié-Bahia, Brazil, during the period from January 2012 to December 2014. The statistical analysis was descriptive, being calculated in absolute and relative proportionsand frequencies. The Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used to compare the variables.Results:499 medical records were analyzed and it was observed that males (81.6%) and mixed race (50.3%) were the most affected by facial trauma. The most prevalent age group was 25 to 34 years old (25.5%). The main etiological factor was the motorcycle accident (30.1%) and there was a high prevalence of traumatic brain injury (33.5%). Conclusions:During the study period, it was found that male individuals and young adults were the most affected by facial trauma. Traumas related to motorcycle accidents and falls were the most prevalent (AU).

Introducción: Los estudios retrospectivos sobre trauma facial son importantes para cuantificar su demanda de servicios de salud, además de contribuir a la planificación de acciones de educación y prevención. Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo rastrear el perfil epidemiológico del trauma facial en un hospital regional del interior de Bahía. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, mediante un análisis retrospectivo de las historias clínicas de pacientes con trauma facial atendidos en el HospitalGeral Prado Valadares, en Jequié-Bahia, Brasil, desde enero de 2012 a diciembre de 2014. El análisis estadístico fue descriptivo, siendo calculado en proporciones y frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Para comparar las variables se utilizó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado o la prueba exacta de Fisher. Resultados:se analizaron 499 historias clínicas y se observó que los hombres (81,6%) y mestizos (50,3%) fueron los más afectados por el traumatismo facial. Elgrupo de edad más prevalente fue el de 25 a 34 años (25,5%). El principal factor etiológico fue el accidente de motocicleta (30,1%) y hubo una alta prevalencia de traumatismo craneoencefálico (33,5%). Conclusiones: Durante el período de estudio, se encontró que los hombres y los adultos jóvenes fueron los más afectados por el trauma facial. Los traumatismos relacionados con accidentes de motocicleta y caídas fueron los más prevalentes (AU).

Rehabilitación de trauma facial ocasionado por fuegos artificiales utilizando triamcinolona / Aesthetic and functional rehabilitation using triamcinolone on patient suffered by facial firework injury

Introduction: Facial injuries are a common occurrence at the emergency room. Treatment for this type of trauma is complex in terms of re-establishing good oral and facial function, plus aesthetics. Objective: This paper aims to report a clinical case of aesthetic and functional rehabilitation using triamcinolone in a patient affected on the face by a fireworks explosion. Case report: A 26-year-old man was admitted to the oral and maxillofacial surgery service of the Sergipe Urgency Hospital presenting trauma after the explosion of a "Firework rocket" in his face. The patient had extensive soft tissue injury in gingival mucosa, right labial commissure, and tongue. There was also inferior incisive avulsion and dentoalveolar fracture. His clinical and tomographic evaluation presented comminuted mandibular fracture. After eighteen days he was discharged and sent to the dentistry service of the Federal University of Sergipe for aesthetic and functional rehabilitation of his facial damages. Two months later, the patient attended a University dental service to begin aesthetic and postoperative functional rehabilitation. First, the necrotic bone was removed, following intralesional infiltration of hexacetonide triamcinolone 20mg/mL into the scar of the labial region and the commissure of the lips was performed. Each application was performed after twenty days of interval. Later, lingual frenectomy and glossosplasty were done for improving his lingual mobility and then hexacetonide triamcinolone 20mg/mL infiltrations were also done in the tongue base in the following sessions. Conclusions: After five infiltrations, it was observed an improvement in the scar appearance and texture, which also had a lower contracture, as well as a lingual motricity improvement(AU)

Introducción: Las lesiones faciales son frecuentes en el servicio de emergencia. El tratamiento para este tipo de trauma es complejo en términos de restablecer una buena función bucal y facial, además de la estética. Objetivo: Reportar un caso clínico de rehabilitación estética y funcional a través del uso de hexacetónido de triamcinolona en un paciente afectado por una explosión de fuegos artificiales en su rostro. Caso clínico: Hombre de 26 años ingresado en el servicio de cirugía oral y maxilofacial del Hospital de Urgencia de Sergipe por presentar un traumatismo después de la explosión contra su rostro de un cohete de fuegos artificiales. El paciente tenía una lesión extensa de partes blandas en la mucosa gingival, comisura labial derecha y lengua. También hubo avulsión incisiva inferior y fractura dentoalveolar. A través de la evaluación clínica y de tomografía, fue posible observar fragmentación múltiple ósea en el sitio de la fractura, compatible con fractura mandibular conminuta. Después de dieciocho días fue dado de alta y enviado al servicio de odontología de la Universidad Federal de Sergipe para la rehabilitación estética y funcional de sus daños faciales. Dos meses después, el paciente asistió al servicio dental de la universidad para comenzar la rehabilitación funcional estética y posoperatoria. Primero, se retiró el hueso necrótico, luego se realizó la infiltración intralesional de hexacetónido de triamcinolona 20 mg/mL en la cicatriz de la región labial y se realizó la comisura de los labios; con un intervalo de 20 días entre cada aplicación. Posteriormente, se realizaron frenectomía lingual y glososplastia, para mejorar su movilidad lingual, y luego se realizaron infiltraciones de 20 mg/mL de hexacetónido de triamcinolona en la base de la lengua en las sesiones siguientes. Comentarios principales: Después de cinco infiltraciones se observó una mejora en el aspecto y la textura de la cicatriz, que también tenía una contractura más baja, así como una mejora de la motricidad lingual(AU)

Tratamiento con Pulsed Dye Laser de mancha de vino oporto: seguimiento a 10 años / Treatment with Pulsed Dye Laser of wine stain Porto: 10-year follow-up

Las manchas de vino de oporto son un tipo de malformación capilar que afecta del 0,3 al 0,5% de la población. Están presentes desde el nacimiento como máculas o placas eritematosas en la piel o mucosas. Sin tratamiento, las lesiones tienden a oscurecerse con la edad, tornándose rojizas o color púrpura, y pueden desarrollar engrosamiento nodular o un granuloma piógeno asociado. Los tratamientos con láser proporcionan mejoría mediante la destrucción selectiva de la vasculatura. Se han utilizado una variedad de láseres vasculares selectivos, pero el tratamiento de primera elección es el láser de colorante pulsado. Los mejores resultados se obtienen cuando el tratamiento es instaurado tempranamente. (AU)

Port wine stains are a type of vascular malformation that affects 0.3% to 0.5% of the population. They are present from birth as erythematous macules or plaques on the skin or mucous membranes. Without treatment, these lesions tend to darken with age, becoming reddish or purple and may develop nodular thickening or an associated pyogenic granuloma. Laser treatments might provide an improvement by selective destruction of the vasculature. A variety of selective vascular lásers may be employed, with the pulsed dye laser as the gold standard treatment. Better results are obtained when the treatment is established early. (AU)

Procederes del manejo inicial del politrauma maxilofacial y trauma maxilofacial grave / Procedures for initial management of maxillofacial polytrauma and severe maxillofacial trauma

Introducción: las fracturas faciales constituyen UNA causa común de tratamiento en la urgencia. Objetivo: describir procederes y fallecimientos en el manejo inicial del politrauma maxilofacial y trauma maxilofacial grave en el servicio de urgencia. Métodos: se realizó estudio descriptivo de los procederes y fallecimientos en pacientes atendidos en el servicio de urgencias del Hospital Universitario General Calixto García con politrauma maxilofacial y trauma maxilofacial grave. Las variables fueron cuantitativas y cualitativas. Se confeccionó una planilla de recolección de datos y la información se introdujo en una base de datos. Se emplearon números enteros, porcentajes y tablas estadísticas. Se siguieron principios éticos investigativos. Resultados: al 100 por ciento de los pacientes se les evaluó vía aérea y se buscaron fuentes exanguinantes. Evaluación primaria: 70,3 por ciento requirió algún proceder para la vía aérea y se usó más intubación orotraqueal (10,8 por ciento); en la circulación se empleó más canalización de una vena periférica, administración de volumen y obtención de muestras de sangre para análisis hematológico (17,6 por ciento). Evaluación secundaria: 16,2 por ciento requirió intubación orotraqueal; Y para la circulación 83,8 por ciento demandó algún proceder. El 33,8 por ciento precisó sutura. El TAC fue más usado (41,9 por ciento). Fallecieron 12,2 por ciento de los pacientes y por accidente de tránsito 9,5 por ciento. Conclusiones: a todos los pacientes se les evaluó la vía aérea y se buscaron fuentes exanguinantes. El orden de empleo de los procederes realizados fue variable, no escalonado según complejidad creciente de los procedimientos y no se utilizaron todas las opciones de procederes. Los pacientes que fallecieron fueron mayoritariamente por accidentes de tránsito(AU)

Introduction: facial fractures are a common cause of treatment in emergency services. Objective: Describe procedures used and deaths occurring in the initial management of maxillofacial polytrauma and severe maxillofacial trauma at the emergency service. Methods: a descriptive study was conducted of procedures used and deaths occurring among maxillofacial polytrauma and severe maxillofacial trauma patients cared for at the emergency service of General Calixto García University Hospital. The variables considered were both quantitative and qualitative. A data collection form was developed and the information was stored in a database. Data were expressed in whole numbers, percentages and statistical tables. Ethical research principles were abided by. Results: 100 percent of the patients underwent airway evaluation, and causes of exsanguination were searched for. Primary assessment: 70.3 percent required some airway procedure and more orotracheal intubation was used (10.8 percent); for circulation, more peripheral venous cannulation was performed, as well as volume administration and blood sampling for hematological testing (17.6 percent). Secondary assessment: 16.2 percent required orotracheal intubation; for circulation, 83.8 percent required some procedure. 33.8 percent needed suturing; CAT scanning was more commonly used (41.9 percent). 12.2 percent of the patients died; traffic accidents accounted for 9.5 prcent(AU) Conclusions: all patients underwent airway evaluation, and causes of exsanguination were searched for. The order in which procedures were used was variable, not phased according to the growing complexity of the procedures, and not all procedure options were used. Most deceased patients had been involved in traffic accidents

Factors Associated With the Complexity of Facial Trauma.

INTRODUCTION: Facial fractures have their incidence, etiology, clinical presentation, and features influenced by variables such as economic, cultural, and demographic factors. A large number of these fractures require simple or more complex approaches, and it becomes important to understand their clinical and epidemiological profile and factors associated with the fracture event and surgical indication. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research is to analyze the clinical and epidemiological profile of surgical fractures and their associations with causal factors such as alcohol consumption, day of the incident, and nonuse of helmet for motorcycle accidents. METHOD: A retrospective study was conducted with collection of data from medical records of patients operated for facial fractures at the Hospital Regional of Cariri, state of Ceara, the Northeast of Brazil. Records from 2012 to 2014 were acquired highlighting sex, age, occupation, etiology, anatomical sites of fractures, and surgeries of varying complexities for single or multiple fractures. The day of the event, report or signs of alcohol consumption, and the use of helmets in motorcycle accidents were named associated factors. RESULTS: As a result the authors had a total of 624 cases of surgical facial fractures. Out of these, 546 (87.5%) were male and the majority of them presented between 20 and 30 years of age (40.5%). It was also observed that as an etiological factor motorcycle accidents led to more cases of surgical facial fractures, with 357 cases (62.1%), followed by physical aggression with 72 cases (12.5%). CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that there is a high prevalence of surgical facial fractures in male patients between 20 and 30 years of age, caused by motorcycle accidents, and that there was a strong association between the consumption of alcohol, failure to wear a helmet, and the presence of surgical facial multiple fractures.

Head and Face Injuries in Automobile Accidents and Associated Factors in a city in Northeastern Brazil

Objective: To evaluate the occurrence of head and face injuries and associated factors among victims of automobile accidents in a trauma center. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was developed through the analysis of 9,734 medical records of children and adults hospitalized due to external causes in the Regional Hospital of Emergency and Trauma at Campina Grande, Brazil. Data were analyzed with the SPSS software version 15, also using the Pearson's chi-square test. The significance level adopted was 5 %. Results: Cases of automobile accidents accounted for 25.9% (n = 463) of hospitalizations due to external causes, and 83.8 % of victims were male and 16.2 % were female, representing a sex ratio of 5.1:1. As for age group, most had between 20 and 29 years (38.1%) and with respect to the day of the week, 40.8 % of incidents occurred over the weekend. The occurrence of injury was greater on the face (17.4%) than on the head (7.8%) and most victims had a single injury (58.5%). The existence of bone fractures was observed in 76.9 % of victims and 14.7 % had functional impairment. There was association between variables age (p < 0.001), sex (p < 0.001), day of the week (p < 0.001), presence of bone fractures (p < 0.001) and functional impairment (p = 0.002) with the occurrence of automobile accidents. Conclusion: The most automobile accidents occur on weekends and affect young male individuals, with frequent presence of fractures among victims. The occurrence of injury was greater on the face than on the head. Factors such as age, sex, presence of bone fractures and functional impairment was associated with automobile accidents.

El síndrome del maltrato infantil y su diagnóstico en el consultorio estomatológico / Child maltreatment syndrome and its diagnosis in dentists office

Introducción: desde tiempos remotos el maltrato infantil ha sido una forma de sometimiento, medida disciplinaria y explotación; la Medicina y la Psicología abordan sus múltiples aspectos, pero los planes de estudio de Estomatología apenas lo mencionan, por lo que frecuentemente las lesiones buco-faciales ocasionadas por maltrato infantil no se identifican en el consultorio estomatológico. Objetivo: caracterizar, en forma resumida y estructurada, las lesiones buco-faciales indicadoras de maltrato infantil, como un material de consulta para especialistas en Estomatología. Método: se revisó la bibliografía sobre el tema, correspondiente a los últimos cinco años, disponible en bases de datos y colecciones de Internet (PubMed SciELO, CUMED y EBSCO); a partir de los artículos seleccionados se elaboró una reseña. Desarrollo: entre las lesiones buco-faciales frecuentes en niños maltratados se identifican los hematomas, arañazos y equimosis en zonas no prominentes (orejas, mejillas), hematomas periorbitarios (imagen del antifaz), mordidas y quemaduras. Los golpes en la boca para silenciar al niño y la introducción forzada de objetos ocasionan lesiones bucales típicas (fracturas, luxaciones dentales laterales, laceración de la mucosa interior del labio superior y cercana al frenillo, marcas de incisivos superiores en el interior de los labios y avulsiones); la presencia de eritema en la línea de unión entre el paladar blando y duro, o laceración del frenillo lingual, pueden indicar una felación. Conclusiones: la mayoría de las lesiones buco-faciales en niños víctimas de maltrato se relacionan con castigos físicos y negligencia familiar; los signos indicadores de maltrato son fácilmente identificables por un estomatólogo preparado al efecto(AU)

Introduction: since the earliest times, child abuse has been a form of subjection, disciplinary action and exploitation; Medicine and Psychology deal with its many aspects, but the study plans of Stomatology hardly mention it, so that often the buco-facial injuries caused by child abuse are not identified in the stomatological office. Objective: to characterize, in a summarized and structured form, the buco-facial lesions indicative of child maltreatment, as a reference material for Stomatology specialists. Method: the bibliography on the subject available in databases and Internet collections (PubMed, SciELO, CUMED and EBSCO) was reviewed for the last five years; a review was prepared based on the selected articles.Development: among common buco-facial lesions in abused children identify bruises, scratches and ecchymoses in non-prominent areas (ears, cheeks), periorbital bruises (image mask), bites and burns. The blows in the mouth to silence the child and the forced introduction of objects cause typical oral lesions (fractures, lateral dental luxations, laceration of the inner mucosa of the upper lip and close to the frenulum, upper incisor marks on the inside of the lips and avulsions); the presence of erythema in the line between the soft and hard palate, or laceration of the lingual frenulum, may indicate a fellatio. Conclusions: most of the buco-facial injuries in children victims of abuse are related to physical punishment and family neglect; the signs of maltreatment are easily identifiable by a stomatologist prepared for the purpose(AU)

A Retrospective Study of Oral and Maxillofacial Injuries in an Emergency Hospital in Southern Brazil

Objective: To identify and analyze cases of OMF treated in an emergency hospital in southern Brazil. Material and Methods: The investigators conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study. The sample was composed of 1,533 patient medical records. Demographic, seasonal, and clinical variables were collected. Additionally, the medical records also included data on etiological factors, injury site, and tissues involved. A descriptive analysis was conducted based on 1,179 (76.9%) records of OMF injuries. Results: Most patients were male children and adolescents. Accidents (59.7%), such as falls, and interpersonal violence (18.7%), such as physical aggression, were the main etiological factors. Most injuries involved soft tissue (66.4%), especially in the lip region; whereas fractures affected the nasal bones. Transfers and hospitalizations accounted for 8.1% of clinical outcomes and dentists participated in the treatment of 85% of cases. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest a higher prevalence of OMF injuries in men, affecting young people more frequently and showing falls as the main etiological factor. Dentists participated in the majority of the medical care. Future studies will focus on determining risk groups, developing preventive programs, and improving health care services, with the participation of dentists in the multidisciplinary team.

Validation of Videoconference With Smartphones in Telemedicine Facial Trauma Care: Analysis of Concordance to On-Site Evaluation.

BACKGROUND: The continental size of some countries and heterogeneous hospital network prevents patients who live in remote areas from getting adequate initial assessment of facial trauma. The authors present an alternative model for trauma assessment by videoconference via smartphones and analyze the concordance between telemedicine and face-to-face management. METHODS: Fifty patients with either a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of facial trauma were independently evaluated by 2 teams of physicians: Face-to-face and telemedicine-based. The face-to-face team attended patients at bedside (physical examination and computed tomography scan analysis). The telemedicine team consisted of a general surgery resident on duty in the emergency room and a plastic surgeon researcher remotely communicating via smartphones. Both teams answered a questionnaire, which contained data concerning patient's epidemiology, physical examination, computed tomography (CT) scan findings, and treatment option to be followed. Data were analyzed and compared regarding the similarity of answers. RESULTS: The sample studied was consistent with the literature, showing a predominance of young males. Traffic accidents and personal violence were the main causes of trauma. The concurrency of answers for physical examination findings was considered substantial (κ = 0.720). For CT scan findings, it was almost perfect (κ = 0.899); for defining the treatment option, it was almost perfect (κ = 0.891). High concurrency of face CT scan findings was observed after we calculated the positive predictive value (89.9%), negative predictive value (99.3%), sensitivity (94.2%), specificity (98.8%), and accuracy (98.3%). CONCLUSIONS: The proposed model to facial assessment trauma by videoconference via smartphones is feasible, showing high concordance level with face-to-face assessment.

Análise de lesões orofaciais registradas no Instituto Médico-Legal de São Luís (MA), no período de 2011-2013 / Analysis of orofacial injuries recorded in the Forensic Medicine Institute of São Luís (MA), from 2011 to 2013

Introdução: Os traumas são causas comuns de morbidades e mortalidade da população mundial. Um dos mais prevalentes é o bucomaxilofacial, pois a face é uma região muito exposta e pouco protegida.Traumas faciais podem resultar em lesões de tecidos moles e fraturas ósseas, causando graves complicações e até danos irreversíveis, e seu autor deve ser enquadrado corretamente segundo a legislação brasileira. Objetivo: Analisar o perfil das vítimas, as causas, as características das lesões orofaciais, bem como o profissional responsável pela perícia e a classificação da lesão de acordo com o artigo 129 do Código Penal Brasileiro. Método: Foram analisados laudos emitidos por médicos e odontolegistas do Instituto Médico Legal da cidade de São Luís (MA), no ano de 2011 à 2013 de vítimas acometidas por lesões orofaciais. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que o sexo masculino foi omais atingido (55,4%), a faixa etária mais envolvida foi 20-29 anos (40,3%), a etiologia principal foi agressão física (73,4%), a lesão mais frequente foi escoriação (25,3%) e a região mais acometida da facefoi a orbitária (26%). O profissional que mais emitiu laudos foi o médico-legista (90,8%). Das lesõesorofaciais qualificadas (39,8%), 23,0% resultaram em debilidade da função mastigatória, 4,5% emdebilidade da função mastigatória e estética e 22,3% em deformidade permanente. Conclusão: Conclui-seque é grande o número de lesões orofaciais registradas no IML de São Luís e que essas lesões foram avaliadas mais criteriosamente pelo odontolegista, ressaltando-se, com isso, a fundamental atuação desse profissional nas perícias dessa natureza.

Introduction: Traumas are common causes of morbidities and mortality in world's population. Maxillofacialtrauma is one of the most prevalent, because face is very exposed and unprotected. Facial trauma canresult in soft tissue injuries and bone fractures, causing serious complications and even permanen tdamages, making necessary the appropriate legal framework of attackers. Objective: To analyze theprofile of the victims, reason and the characteristics of orofacial lesions recorded in Forensic MedicineInstitute data, São Luís (MA), Brazil, between years of 2011 to 2013, as well as the professional responsible for expertise (doctors and dentists) and classifications in accordance with Article 129 of theBrazilian Penal Code. Methods: It were analyzed reports issued by doctors and dentistry in the period of2011 to 2013, for affected patients with orofacial injuries. Results: Results showed that male sex was themost affected (55,4%), age most involved was 20-29 years (40,3%), the main etiology was physicalaggression (73,4%), the most common injury was abrasion (25,3%) and the region most affected was theorbital (24,9%). The professional that issued more reports was the coroner (90,8%). Between the qualifiedorofacial lesions (39,8%), 23,0% resulted in weakness of masticatory function, 4,5% in weakness ofmasticatory function and aesthetics and 22,3% in permanent deformity. Conclusion: It was concluded that the number of orofacial injuries registered in the IML of São Luís data was great and these lesions wereevaluated more critically by forensics dentists, requiring their presence of this professional.

Traumatismo nasal con arpón de pesca / Nasal trauma caused by fishing harpoon

Paciente masculino de 60 años de edad con trauma nasal accidental, producido por un arpón de pesca que penetra a través de la fosa nasal izquierda. Este fue atendido de urgencia y se le removió el arpón mediante una rinoscopia anterior. El paciente evolucionó de forma satisfactoria y no hubo afectación de gravedad ni secuelas. Los traumatismos en el macizo facial y craneoencefálico, producidos por armas diferentes a las de fuego, son poco frecuentes. El tipo de lesión presentada es algo excepcional y no existen informes similares en la literatura(AU)

A sixty-year old male patient, who suffered nasal trauma caused by a fishing harpoon that penetrated his left nasal cavity. He was immediately assisted to remove the hapoon by performing anterior rhinoscopy. He recovered satisfactorily and there were no side effects or sequelae. The facial and cranioencephalic traumas caused by weapons different from firearms are rare. The type of lesion presented in this article is unique and there is no similar reports found in literature(AU)

Traumatismo nasal con arpón de pesca / Nasal trauma caused by fishing harpoon

Paciente masculino de 60 años de edad con trauma nasal accidental, producido por un arpón de pesca que penetra a través de la fosa nasal izquierda. Este fue atendido de urgencia y se le removió el arpón mediante una rinoscopia anterior. El paciente evolucionó de forma satisfactoria y no hubo afectación de gravedad ni secuelas. Los traumatismos en el macizo facial y craneoencefálico, producidos por armas diferentes a las de fuego, son poco frecuentes. El tipo de lesión presentada es algo excepcional y no existen informes similares en la literatura.

A sixty-year old male patient, who suffered nasal trauma caused by a fishing harpoon that penetrated his left nasal cavity. He was immediately assisted to remove the hapoon by performing anterior rhinoscopy. He recovered satisfactorily and there were no side effects or sequelae. The facial and cranioencephalic traumas caused by weapons different from firearms are rare. The type of lesion presented in this article is unique and there is no similar reports found in literature.

Unusual complication after genioplasty.

Facial beauty depends on shape, proportion, and harmony between the facial thirds. The chin is one of the most important components of the inferior third and has an important role on the definition of facial aesthetic and harmony in both frontal and lateral views. There are 2 principal therapeutic approaches that one can choose to treat mental deformities, alloplastic implants, and mental basilar ostectomy, also known as genioplasty. The latest is more commonly used because of great versatility in the correction of three-dimensional deformities of the chin and smaller taxes of postoperative complications. Possible transoperative and postoperative complications of genioplasty include mental nerve lesion, bleeding, damage to tooth roots, bone resorption of the mobilized segment, mandibular fracture, ptosis of the lower lip, and failure to stabilize the ostectomized segment. The study presents 2 cases of displacement of the osteotomized segment after genioplasty associated with facial trauma during postoperative orthognathic surgery followed by rare complications with no reports in the literature.

Atendimento ao trauma de face por telemedicina: validação de modelo de videoconferência com uso de smartphone e análise da concorância com atendimento presencial / Facial trauma assessment through telemedicine: validation of a videoconference via smartphones model and analysis of agreement between telemedicine and face-to-face attending

As dimensões continentais de alguns países e a distribuição heterogênea da rede hospitalar dificultam o acesso ao atendimento inicial adequado ao trauma de face principalmente aos pacientes residentes em regiões mais remotas. Um modelo de atendimento por telemedicina pode ser uma opção ao atendimento especializado presencial. Os objetivos deste trabalho são apresentar um modelo de atendimento por especialistas à distância, por meio de videoconferência utilizando-se smartphone, e analisar a concordância deste atendimento por telemedicina com o atendimento presencial, considerado padrão ouro. Cinquenta pacientes com trauma de face e suspeita de fratura de face (n=50) foram atendidos, por duas equipes independentes, uma presencialmente e outra por telemedicina. A equipe presencial, que era formada pela equipe de plantão de cirurgia plástica na unidade de emergência, prestou o atendimento à beira do leito (história, exame físico e análise de imagens por tomografia computadorizada). A equipe telemedicina, composta por um médico generalista atendendo à beira do leito, prestou atendimento em conjunto com um cirurgião plástico à distância através de videoconferência com um smartphone. Após cada atendimento as duas equipes responderam a um questionário, com informações sobre dados epidemiológicos, dados do exame físico, sobre indicações de tomografia computadorizada, achados radiológicos da tomografia e conduta. Os dados foram analisados e comparados quanto à concordância das respostas através da análise estatística kappa, cálculo de acurácia, especificidade e sensibilidade. A amostra estudada foi representativa e concordante com a literatura, com predomínio de homens jovens. Acidentes de trânsito e violência interpessoal foram os principais mecanismos causadores do trauma. A concordância das respostas para os achados de exame físico foi considerada substancial (kappa=0,720), para a indicação da tomografia computadorizada foi quase perfeita (kappa=0,957), para os...

The continental size of some countries and heterogeneous distributed hospital network prevent many patients who live in remote areas from getting adequate initial assessment of facial trauma. The author presents a model for trauma assessment through telemedicine, which may be an alternative to face-to-face specialized attending. The goals of this study are presenting a model for non-attending specialized assessment through video conference via smartphones, and analyzing a comparison between telemedicine and face-to-face management, the latter currently being the gold standard. Fifty patients with either a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of facial trauma (n=50) were evaluated by two teams of physicians, one face-to-face and the other one telemedicine-based. The face-to-face team, which was made up by the attending plastic surgery team in the emergency unit, attended the patients at the bedside (physical examination and CT-scan analysis). The telemedicine team was made up by an in-house general practitioner working together with an on-call plastic surgeon through videoconference via smartphones. After each evaluation, both teams answered a similar questionnaire, which contained data concerning the patient's epidemiology, physical examination, CT-scan indications and findings, and the treatment option to be followed. The data were analyzed and compared regarding the similarity of answers, with the use of kappa statistics and analysis of data accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. The sample studied was representative and consistent with the literature, showing a predominance of young males. Traffic accidents and personal violence were the main causes of trauma. The agreement of answers for physical examination findings was considered substantial (kappa=0.720). For CT-scan indications, it was considered almost perfect (kappa=0.957); for CT-scan findings, it was almost perfect (kappa=0.899); and for defining the treatment option, it was...

Occurrence of dental avulsion and associated injuries in patients with facial trauma over a 9-year period.

INTRODUCTION: This retrospective study aimed to assess the occurrence of dental avulsions in patients with facial trauma over a 9-year period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data was collected from records of patients attended to at the Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Piracicaba Dental School-State University of Campinas, Piracicaba (SP), Brazil. RESULTS: Two hundred three patients with 387 avulsed teeth were evaluated, the central incisors being the most common teeth involved (42 % of permanent and 61 % of primary teeth). Thirty-four percent of the cases occurred on weekends, mainly on Saturdays (20 %) and the distribution in relation to the time of year was similar with slight peaks in January. The most prevalent associated dentoalveolar injury was lateral luxation (26 %) and 19 % of the patients presented with an associated facial fracture. The most common sign presented was laceration (23 %), and the main symptoms found were pain (58 %). Associated general trauma was present in 139 patients (68 %), and the most prevalent was the upper limb (41 %). DISCUSSION: Special emphasis should be given not only to diagnosis and treatment of dental avulsion but for prevention, too. An understanding of the etiology, severity, and distribution of associated traumatic injuries can help for future studies and for an effective prevention of these injuries.

Reconstrucción con placa 2.4 mm. angulada con cabeza condilar de articulación temporo-mandibular en fracturas compleja de mandíbula: reporte de un caso / Temporomandibular joint reconstruction with a 2.4 mm. angled plate with condylar head in a complex mandible fracture: a case report

El trauma maxilofacial es muy frecuente y se encuentra asociado a una alta incidencia de fracturas faciales en diferentes combinaciones. Este puede ser causado por hechos viales, violencia personal, prácticas deportivas y heridas por proyectil percutido por arma de fuego, siendo estas últimas, lesiones devastadoras que pueden comprometer la vida del paciente. Teniendo en cuenta que el Hospital Universitario de los Andes es uno de los centros asistenciales más importantes de Venezuela, en el manejo del trauma de alta energía, incluyendo el trauma facial, reportamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 33 años, remitido a esta institución por presentar trauma mandibular secundario a herida por arma de fuego, el cual generó una fractura compleja del ángulo, rama y cóndilo izquierdo de la mandíbula. Esta lesión fue resuelta a través de reducción directa, osteosíntesis y hemiartroplastia con un solo implante. Mediante este procedimiento se logró obtener un adecuado resultado funcional y estético. El principal objetivo, a favor preservar la biomecánica de la Articulación Temporomandibular (ATM) afectada, a través del uso de implantes y técnicas especiales, desarrolladas para tal fin

Maxillofacial trauma is very common and is associated with a high incidence of facial fractures in different combinations. This can be caused by traffic accidents, personal violence, sports, and gunshot wound, being devastating injuries that can compromise the patient’s life. The Hospital Universitario de Los Andes is one of the most important health centers in Venezuela in the management of high energy trauma, including facial trauma. We report the case of a 33 year old male pacient, received in this institution for a mandible trauma secondary to a gunshot wound, generating an angle, branch and the left condyle complex fracture of the mandible. This lesion was treated by direct reduction, osteosynthesis and hemiarthroplasty with a single implant. This procedure is able to obtain adequate functional and cosmetic results. The main objective was to preserve the biomechanics of the affected temporomandibular joint, through the use of implants and techniques developed for this purpose

Análise dos traumas de face que acometem mulheresvítimas de violência doméstica / Analysis of facial trauma affecting women victims of domestic violence

O presente trabalho visa tratar as informaçõessobre os mais diversos tipos de violências, acometidoscontra a mulher, tendo como locus depesquisa a DEAM, Delegacia Especializada deAtendimento à Mulher, nos anos de 2009/2010,no município de Belém, Estado do Pará. Verificouse210 laudos periciais. Observou-se que as agressõesacontecem por meio da violência física direta,com socos e pontapés em 50% dos casos, tendocomo região mais acometida a região nasal com35 ocorrências, contabilizando 12% dos casos.Pode ser visto que a faixa etária dos 23 a 36 anosrepresenta 72% das situações de violências. Amaior quantidade de ocorrências registradas estáentre as mulheres casadas. Defende-se, a partirdeste estudo, que as ações contra as violênciasdevam ser assumidas por todas as políticas sociaise por todos na sociedade, visto que os serviços estataisprecisam passar por ações de investimentos,seja de infraestrutura, seja de formação continuadapara os seus profissionais.

This paper aims to deal with the informationabout the various types of violence, againstwomen committed, with the locus of theDEAM, Specialized Police for Assistance toWomen in the years 2009/2010, the city ofBelem, state of Para, was chosen to performa descriptive study of the forensic reports.There were 210 expert reports analyzed. Itwas seen that the attacks occur through directphysical violence, with punches and kicksin 50% of cases, and in the nasal regionwith 35 occurrences, accounting for 12% ofcases. It can be seen that the age group of23-36 years represents 72% of cases of violence.The biggest victims are among marriedwomen. It is argued, from this study that theactions against violence should be taken byall social policies and for all in society, sincethe state services must go through stockinvestments, or infrastructure is continuingeducation for professionals.

Avaliação odontolegal das lesões corporais que envolvem o complexo maxilomandibular causadas por acidentes de trânsito / Forensic dental assessment of body injuries involving the maxillomandibular complex caused by traffic accidents

As lesões corporais originárias de acidentes de trânsito comumente afetam a cavida- de bucal causando prejuízos funcionais e estéticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as lesões do complexo maxilomandibular ocasionadas por acidentes automobilísticos. Foram analisados 565 laudos emitidos pelo Núcleo de Odontologia Legal do Instituto Médico Legal de São Paulo (lML!SP) durante os anos de 2004 a 2007, coletando-se informações referentes ao gênero das vítimas, faixa etária e gravidade das lesões em conformidade com o artigo 129 do Código Penal. Os resultados demonstraram predomínio no número de acidentes em jovens do gênero masculino e com idade inferior à 29 anos em todos os anos analisados. As lesões de gravidade leve foram superiores perante as graves e gravíssimas, quando relacionadas ao complexo maxilomandibular. Dessa forma, os resultados demons- tram a certeza da necessidade de intervenções em âmbito governamental e individual, visando à redução de acidentes automobilísticos e consequentemente minimizando danos ao sistema estomatognático.

The body injuries which result from traffic accidents commonly affect the oral cavity causing functional and aesthetic impairment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the maxillomandibular complex lesions caused by automobile accidents. It has been analyzed 565 reports on the Center for Forensic Dentistry of Forensic Medicine Institute of Sao Pau- lo, IML-SP during the period from 2004 to 2007, collecting information about the gender of victims, age and degree of injuries. The results showed a predominance in the number of accidents in young males and with ages lower than 29 years old in ali the years analyzed. The mild lesions were higher when comparing them with the serious and very serious, ali related to the maxillomandibular complex. Thus, the results demonstrate the certainty of the need for interventions in the governmental and individual actions in order to reduce accidents and therefore minimizing damages to the stomatognathic system.

Manejo del trauma facial: una guía práctica / Initial management of maxillofacial trauma: a practice guidelines

El trauma en general, y el facial en particular, han tenido un aumento en su frecuencia durante los últimos años. Constituye un reto para los médicos que se desempeñan en urgencia en cuanto a su manejo inicial, y un difícil problema para los especialistas que se desempeñan en esta área. Todo profesional que se enfrenta a estos pacientes debe tener los conocimientos necesarios de evaluación clínica, estudiode imágenes, tratamiento inicial, y la capacidad de efectuar una adecuada priorización en la resolución del trauma facial, en el contexto de la presencia de lesiones de otros sistemas y órganos. En este artículo revisaremos los principios básicos del manejo inicial del trauma máxilo facial.

In general, trauma, specifically facial trauma has increased in number of cases during the last years. This field is a challenge for emergency doctors in its inicial management, and a difficult task for profesionals related to this specialty.For profesionals dealing with these patients an adecuate training in clinical evaluation is a must, as well as, management of initial and advanced knowledge for proper diagnosis. Also, a list priorities when deciding over facial treatment in the context of several other wounds and damaged organs should be mastered.