Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes con trauma facial en la ciudad de Azogues-Ecuador / Epidemiological profile of patients with facial trauma in Azogues-Ecuador

Objetivos: Conocer el perfil epidemiológico de pacientes con trauma facial que acudieron a emergencia del Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo en la ciudad de Azogues en el año 2015. Material y métodos: Este estudio fue transversal retrospectivo de 22.652 fichas de emergencia obteniendo un total de 401 casos de traumatismos faciales representando esto el 2% de los casos de emergencia que acudieron al hospital Homero Castanier Crespo en el año 2015. Resultados: De los 401 pacientes la mayoría era del sexo masculino (66%). El grupo de edad más afectado fue los adultos de 20 a 64 años (51%), seguido de los niños de 0 a 9 años (30%). En cuanto a la etiología existió mayor frecuencia en las caídas (45%), seguido de agresiones físicas (39%) y los accidentes de tránsito (4%). En el sexo masculino se vio que pudo influir el estado etílico (39,8%). El factor etiológico más común de traumatismos faciales en mujeres adultas son las agresiones físicas (59%). Se pudo observar que al igual que en estudios realizados en el 2011 el sexo masculino es el más afectado por este tipo de traumatismos, si bien otros autores consideran a los accidentes de tránsito como el principal factor etiológico, en este estudio pudimos observar que entre las principales causas tenemos caídas y agresiones físicas. La mandíbula conocida como un "paragolpes" la nombran como el principal hueso afectado sin embargo nosotros encontramos más común la fractura nasal. Conclusiones: Los adultos de sexo masculino tienen mayor predisposición a traumatismos faciales, siendo más comunes las lesiones de los tejidos blandos, seguidos de fracturas nasales y traumatismos dentoalveolares, en hombres es más frecuente la relación de estos traumatismos con la ingesta de bebidas alcohólicas y en mujeres podemos ver una alta influencia de agresiones físicas. (AU)

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to determine the epidemiological profile of patients with facial trauma attending emergency Homero Crespo Castanier Hospital in the city of Azogues in 2015. Material and methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of 22,652 sheets was conducted emergency obtaining a total of 401 cases of facial trauma that representing 2% of emergency cases admitted to hospital Homero Castanier Crespo in 2015. Results: of the 401 patients the majority were male (66%). The most affected age group were adults who consider them 20 to 64 years (51%), followed by infants from 0 to 5 years (21%). As for the etiology the prevalence was: falls (45%), followed by physical aggression (39%) and traffic accidents (5%). In the male looks that can influence the drunk state (39.8%). The most common of facial trauma in adult women etiological factor is physical assault (59%). It was observed that as in studies conducted in 2011 the male is the most affected by this type of trauma, although other articles considere that traffic accidents are the main etiological factor in this study we observed that the main causes are fallen and physical attacks. The jaw bone is named the main affected however we find most common nasal fracture. Conclusions: adult males are more prone to facial trauma, being more common injuries of soft tissues, followed by nasal fractures and dentoalveolar trauma in men is more common the relationship of these injuries with the intake of alcoholic beverages and women can see a high influence of physical aggression. (AU)

Comparison of complications by technique used in cochlear implants.

INTRODUCTION: Complications are a very sensitive indicator of the usefulness of a surgical technique. In cochlear implant surgery, there are 3 principal approaches: the classic approach uses the facial recess (FR), the suprameatal approach (SMA) does not require mastoidectomy and uses the creation of a tunnel over the facial nerve to enter the middle ear, and the endomeatal approach (EMA) is based on the completion of a groove in the posterior wall of external auditory canal. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A multicentre review of 208 patients with cochlear implants, comparing the different techniques. The complications were classified into major and minor. RESULTS: Among the 208 implanted patients, 10.5% (22 of 208) had complications. Of these, 2.88% (6 of 208) were major complications and 7.69% (16 of 208) were minor complications. Comparing the results obtained by the different approaches, the FR technique had the lowest rate of major complications (1.1%), followed by the EMA technique with 2.38% and SMA with 3.75%. As for minor complications, operations in the SMA group had the lowest rate (6.25%), followed by the EMA group (7.14%) and the group operated on using the FR technique presented the highest (10%). CONCLUSIONS: The 3 techniques described show very similar rates of complications. Consequently, we can conclude that they are safe and are alternatives.