Farelo de tungue in natura ou detoxificado na alimentação de carpa húngara (Cyprinus carpio) / In natura or detoxified tung meal in feeding Hungarian carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Este estudo avaliou a substituição parcial de farinhas de origem animal pelo farelo de tungue como fonte proteica no arraçoamento de carpa húngara. Os tratamentos compreenderam a inclusão de farelo de tungue in natura ou detoxificado (obtido após aplicação de tratamento químico ao farelo), e o tratamento referência consistiu de base proteica composta por farinha de carne e ossos suína e farinha de peixe. O período de alimentação foi de 63 dias. No decorrer de 30 dias experimentais não foi observada diferença em indicadores de crescimento entre os animais que consumiram as rações controle e com farelo de tungue tratado quimicamente, porém o consumo da ração com farelo de tungue in natura provocou redução no desempenho até o final do período experimental. Após 63 dias de arraçoamento, alguns indicadores de crescimento mostraram-se inferiores também para o tratamento que continha farelo de tungue tratado em relação ao controle. A análise bioquímica no plasma e no fígado revelou aumento de triglicerídeos, glicogênio, glicose e a utilização de outras fontes, possivelmente aminoácidos, como precursores energéticos na produção de energia quando os animais consumiram a dieta com farelo de tungue in natura em relação às demais, o que refletiu na menor concentração de proteína e na maior deposição de gordura na carcaça. Em relação à atividade de enzimas digestivas, tripsina apresentou atividade aumentada no tratamento com farelo de tungue in natura e protease ácida, quimotripsina, amilase e lipase não foram alteradas em nenhum dos tratamentos avaliados...

This study evaluated the partial replacement of animal meal by tung meal as protein source in feeding Hungarian carp. The treatments consisted of the inclusion of in natura or detoxified tung meal (obtained after chemical treatment applied to tung meal) as well as the reference treatment in which the protein basis was composed of meat and bone pork meal and fish meal. The feeding period was 63 days. During 30 experimental days no difference was observed in growth indicators among animals fed the control diet or with chemically treated tung meal, however, the consumption of diets with in natura tung meal caused reduced performance until the end of the experimental period. After 63 days of feeding, some growth indicators were also are lower for the treatment containing treated tung meal compared to control. Biochemical analysis in plasma and liver revealed increased triglycerides, glycogen, glucose and use of other sources, possibly amino acids, as precursors in the production of energy when animals consumed the diet with in nature tung meal in relation to others, which reflected in lower levels of protein and higher fat deposition in the carcass. Regarding the activity of digestive enzymes, trypsin showed increased activity in the treatment with in natura tung meal and acid protease, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase were not changed in any of the treatments...

Concentration of metabolizable energy and digestibility of energy, phosphorus, and amino acids in lemna protein concentrate fed to growing pigs.

Lemna protein concentrate (LPC; 68.0% CP) is produced by extracting protein from de-oiled and dehydrated biomaterials from plants of the Lemnaceae family and may be used as a protein source for animals. There are, however, no published data on the nutritional value of LPC fed to pigs. Three experiments were, therefore, conducted to determine the concentration of ME, the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P, and the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in LPC and to compare these values to values for fish meal and soybean meal (SBM). Experiment 1 was conducted to determine the ME of LPC, fish meal, SBM, and corn. Thirty-two barrows (initial BW: 16.8 ± 2.8 kg) were placed in metabolism cages and allotted to a randomized complete block design with 4 diets and 8 replicate pigs per diet. A corn-based diet and 3 diets that contained corn and LPC, fish meal, or SBM were formulated. Feces and urine were collected for 5 d after a 5-d adaptation period, and all samples were analyzed for GE. Results indicated that the concentration of ME was not different among corn, fish meal, and SBM (3,855, 3,904, and 4,184 kcal/kg DM, respectively), but there was a tendency (P = 0.08) for a reduced ME in LPC (3,804 kcal/kg DM) compared with SBM. In Exp. 2, 24 barrows (initial BW: 12.5 ± 2.5 kg) were allotted to a randomized complete block design with 3 diets and 8 replicate pigs per diet and used to determine the STTD of P in LPC, fish meal, and SBM. Three diets that each contained 1 of the 3 test ingredients as the sole source of P were formulated. Pigs were placed in metabolism cages, and feces were collected for 5 d after a 5-d adaptation period. The STTD of P in LPC (72.8%) was not different from the STTD of P in fish meal (65.6%), but tended (P = 0.07) to be greater than in SBM (62.8%). The SID of AA in LPC, SBM, and fish meal was determined in Exp. 3. Eight barrows (initial BW: 21.4 ± 4.0 kg) were equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and randomly allotted to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. A N-free diet and 3 cornstarch-based diets in which SBM, SBM and LPC or SBM and fish meal were the only sources of AA were formulated. The SID of most indispensable AA was greater (P < 0.05) in fish meal than in LPC, but the overall SID of AA was not different between fish meal and LPC. In conclusion, the ME and the STTD of P are not different between LPC and fish meal, but there is a tendency for greater ME in SBM than in LPC, whereas the STTD of P tends to be greater in LPC than in SBM. The SID of the most indispensable AA is greater in fish meal than in LPC.

Composição físico-química e valores energéticos de farinhas de silagem de peixe para frangos de corte / Physicochemical composition and energy values of fish silage meal for broilers

Objetivou-se determinar a composição físico-química, os valores energéticos e os coeficientes de digestibilidade de quatro farinhas de silagem de peixe para frangos de corte. Foram produzidas quatro farinhas de silagem de peixe, utilizando-se o resíduo da filetagem de tilápias ensilado com diferentes fontes de carboidratos fermentáveis. Analisou-se a composição físico-química das silagens, e, em seguida, um ensaio de metabolismo com 180 pintos machos da linhagem Cobb de 14 a 25 dias de idade. Também foram avaliados o tempo de trânsito gastrintestinal das rações e o desempenho das aves nas gaiolas. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos, seis repetições e seis aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma dieta referência e de quatro dietas teste compostas de 60 porcento da ração referência e 40 porcento do resíduo da filetagem de tilápia ensilado com diferentes fontes de carboidratos, sendo a farinha de silagem de peixe com o farelo de algaroba (SFA), com a farinha de varredura de mandioca (SFVM), com o farelo de milho (SFM) e com a casca da mandioca (SCM). A SFM obteve o maior teor de PB, 22,38 porcento, de EE, 27,35 porcento, e o maior tempo de trânsito, com 195,0min; a SCM apresentou o maior valor de MM, 11,12 porcento. Os valores de EMA e EMAn das farinhas de silagem de peixe não diferiram significativamente entre eles. O maior GP e a melhor CA foram apresentados pelos animais do tratamento SFM, e os piores GP e CA pelos frangos de corte alimentados com dietas contendo a SFVM. Com base na composição obtida, estas silagens de peixe têm potencialidade para serem utilizadas em dietas para frangos de corte...

The objective of this research was to determine the physical and chemical composition energy value and digestibility of four fish silage meal for broilers. Four flours were produced from fish silage using the residue of tilapia filleting ensiled together with different sources of fermentable carbohydrates. We analyzed the physical and chemical composition of silages and then a metabolism trial with 180 male Cobb chicks 14-25 days old, and also evaluated gastrintestinal transit time of feed and performance of birds in cages. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates of six birds each. Treatments consisted of a reference diet and four test diets composed of 60 percent of the reference diet with the inclusion of 40 percent of the residue of tilapia silage with different sources of carbohydrates, and the fish silage meal with bran mesquite (SFA) with the scan cassava flour (SFVM) with corn meal (SFM), and peel cassava (SCM). The SFM had the highest content of CP, 22.38 percent, EE, 27.35 percent, and the largest transit time with 195.0 min, the SCM showed the highest MM, 11.12 percent. The AME and AMEn of flour fish silage did not differ significantly between them. The biggest and best GP CA was presented by animals in the SFM treatment and the worse CA GP was for broilers fed diets containing SFVM. Based on the composition obtained, these fish silage have the potential to be used in diets for broilers...

A randomised control trial in schoolchildren showed improvement in cognitive function after consuming a bread spread, containing fish flour from a marine source.

BACKGROUND: In humans, n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids play a well-documented role in brain development and function. Docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid are major structural components of the brain and a deficiency thereof may bring about changes in the behaviour domains of the brain. OBJECTIVE: This trial investigated the effect of an experimental fish-flour bread spread rich in n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, on cognition of children (7-9yr). DESIGN: Subjects (n=183) were randomly assigned to an experimental (n=91) and control group (n=92), receiving either the fish-flour spread or a placebo spread for 6 months in a single-blind study. Plasma and red blood cell phospholipid fatty acid composition and cognition were measured at baseline and post-intervention. RESULTS: After the intervention, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid levels were significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group (p< 0.0001). Significant intervention effects were also observed for the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test Recognition (estimated effect size: 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15; 1.45) and Discrimination Index (estimated effect size: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.30; 1.91), as well as the Spelling test (estimated effect size: 2.81; 95% CI: 0.59; 5.02) by both per protocol and intention to treat analyses. A marginally significant (p=0.0646) effect was observed for the Reading test (estimated effect size: 2.21; 95% CI: -0.14; 4.56) only in the per protocol analysis. CONCLUSION: This study suggests improvement of verbal learning ability and memory of children when supplemented with a fish-flour spread rich in n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Coeficientes de digestibilidad aparente de harina de pescado peruana y maíz amarillo duro para Colossoma macropomum (Actinopterygii, Characidae) / Apparent Digestibility Coefficients of Peruvian Fish Meal and Yellow Corn by Colossoma macropomum (Actinopterygii, Characidae)

Los Coeficientes de Digestibilidad Aparente (CDA) de la materia seca (MS), proteína cruda (PC), lípido crudo (LC) y energía bruta (EB) de los ingredientes alimenticios harina de pescado peruana (HPP) y de maíz amarillo duro (MAD) fueron determinados en juveniles de Colossoma macropomum (150,0 ± 25,5 g). En el experimento la dieta de referencia se mezcló con cada uno de los ingredientes prueba en una relación de 70:30. El óxido crómico se usó como indicador inerte. La dieta de referencia y las dietas prueba fueron suministradas a C. macropomum, criada a 27 ºC, 7 mg/L de oxígeno disuelto y pH entre 7,5. Las muestras fecales fueron colectadas por sifoneo. Los CDA para MS, PC, LC y EB de la HPP fueron de 88,06 ± 0,83%, 87,08 ± 1,34%, 85,87 ± 2,69 y 87,29 ± 1,57% respectivamente. Igualmente los CDA para MS, PC, LC y EB del MAD fueron de 82,38 ± 1,02%, 75,46 ± 1,53%, 76,17 ± 2,43% y 75,04 ± 1,80% respectivamente. La energía digestible aparente calculada fue de 3950 Kcal/kg para la HPP y 2830 kcal/kg para el MAD. Se concluye que C. macropomum digiere mejor las fracciones proteicas y energéticas de la HPP. Al mismo tiempo muestra que digiere también la fracción energética del MAD, proveniente de los carbohidratos solubles.

The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) crude lipids (CL) and gross energy (GE) in the food ingredients Peruvian fish meal (PFM) and Yellow Corn (YC) were obtained with juveniles of Colossoma macropomum (150,0 ± 25,5 g). In the experiments the reference diet was mixed with test ingredients in a ratio of 70:30 to produce two test diets. The Chromic Oxide (Cr2O3) was use as the inert indicator. The reference diet and the test diets were fed to C. macropomum reared at 27 ºC. Dissolved oxygen was 7 mg/L and pH was 7,5. The fecal samples were collected by siphoning. The ADC to DM, CP, CL and GE in the PFM were of 88,06 ± 0,83%, 87,08 ± 1,34%, 85,87 ± 2,69 y 87,29 ± 1,57% respectively. The ADC to DM, CP, CL and GE in the yellow corn were of 82,38 ± 1,02%, 75,46 ± 1,53%, 76,17 ± 2,43% y 75,04 ± 1,80% respectively. The apparent digestible energy to the HPP and MAD were 3950 Kcal/kg and 2830 kcal/kg respectively. It was concluded that C. macropomum has used more efficiently the protein and energetic fractions from PFM. At the same time C. macropomum shows ability to use efficiently the energetic fraction from soluble carbohydrates of YC.

Determination of amino acids in fodders and raw materials using capillary zone electrophoresis.

Two schemes were offered for analysis of amino acid contents in fodders and raw materials for mixed fodders by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The first variant provides express analysis of four technologically important amino acids (lysine, methionine, threonine, cystine) in borate buffer on characteristic absorption of aminogroup (190 nm), with limits of quantitation being on average 0.2%. The second scheme includes pre-capillary derivatization of amino acids using phenylisothiocyanate (PITC) and separation of phenylthiocarbamyl (PTC)-derivatives obtained by CZE with a detection on 254 nm, which allows to widen a list of detectable components up to 19 (without tryptophan) and significantly improve detection limits down to 0.01%. Acid hydrolysis was used for a sample preparation. The results of analysis of fodders were compared using such methods, as CZE, ion exchange chromatography (amino acid analyzer) and reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC (with gradient technique of elution).

Elaboración, análisis y aceptabilidad de galletas dulces para niños enriquecidas con surimi de sardinas sardinops sagax / Preparation, analysis and acceptability of sweet cookies for children enriched with sardine surimi sardinops sagax

El propósito de este trabajo fue elaborar galletas dulces enriquecidas con surimi de sardina para incrementar su valor proteíco, para lo cual se ensayó la adicción de 30, 40 y 50 por ciento de surimi en reemplazo de la harina de trigo. Mediante la aplicación de análisis sensorial se seleccionó la mejor formulación en la cual se optimizó el proceso tecnológico de elaboración. A la galleta optimizada (40 por ciento de surimi y de tres sabores: naranja miel, chocolate y coco) se le determinó la composición química, y se evaluó la calidad organoléptica y la aceptabilidad. Los resultados de la composición química indicaron que la galleta aporta 13 por ciento de proteínas, 15 por ciento de lípidos, 0,8 por ciento de cenizas y 66,4 por ciento de carbohidratos totales, con un aporte calórico calculado de 452 kcal/100g de producto. Comparados estos valores con la composición química de galletas comerciales indican un aumento entre un 4,2 por ciento a un 5,7 por ciento en el contenido de proteínas. Las galletas fueron calificadas en grado 1 (características típicas) de acuerdo al test de calidad de Karlsruhe y tuvieron una alta aceptabilidad (80 por ciento) en los escolares. Se concluye que la adición de surimi de sardina española, presenta una buena alternativa para elevar el valor proteico de galletas dulces tradicionales, ya que se logra un producto de buena calidad y aceptabilidad

Procedure for radiolabeling gizzerosine and basis for a radioimmunoassay.

A method for the labeling of gizzerosine (GZ), a biogenic amine found in fish meal, is described. The labeling procedure with (125)I using a water-soluble Bolton-Hunter reagent and a mild water-insoluble oxidant (Iodogen) reagent is rapid and reproducible. The (125)I-GZ hapten was demonstrated to be immunologically active in a radioimmunoassay developed with polyclonal antibodies to GZ absorbed with a histamine-Sepharose column. The curves were linear in the range of 0.0001 and 0.1 microgram/mL. Samples of fish meal previously extracted of histamine with methanol and submitted to acid hydrolysis were contaminated with known amounts of GZ and submitted to the assay. The fish meal samples contaminated with GZ show a dose-response effect similar to the standard curve, and apparently the other component present in the sample did not interfere with the binding of the antibodies to (125)I-GZ. These data indicate the suitability of the radioimmunoassay to determine specifically GZ in fish meal.

[Preparation and testing of Sardinella peptones: application to lipase production by Staphylococcus sp]. / Elaboration de peptones de Sardinelle: application à la production de lipase par la souche Staphylococcus sp.

Production of lipase by Staphylococcus sp. in media containing fish peptones from sardinelle (Sardinella aurita) prepared in the laboratory was studied. Lipase production is strongly affected by lipids present in fish flours. Fish peptones prepared from dIgresed whole flesh was an excellent substrate for lipase production. A comparison of lipase production in media containing fish peptones or high quality commercial peptones indicated that fish peptones enhanced enzyme formation.

Development of monoclonal antibodies to gizzerosine, a toxic component present in fish meal.

This study is the first report of the development of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against gizzerosine (GZ), one of the causative agents of black vomit, a serious poultry disease. Balb/c mice were immunized with different GZ conjugates; the most immunogenic conjugate in experimental animals was determined by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assays (ELISA). Somatic fusions were carried out using splenic lymphocytes from GZ-immune mice and the NSO/2 myeloid cell line. Primary selection of hybridomas secreting antibodies to GZ was done using a direct ELISA, with GZ bound to bovine serum albumin (BSA), GZ directly bound to maleinimide preactivated plates and histamine bound to BSA, a GZ related biogenic amine present in fish meal. Four MAbs--3H4, 3H10, and 5B1 of the IgG1 isotype, and 8G7 of the Ig2a isotype-were specific to GZ and did not cross-react with histamine. Only monoclonals 3H4 and 8G7 bound GZ in solution by means of a competitive ELISA. Finally, to determine the performance of the competitive ELISA developed with the MAbs, experiments were conducted with GZ in solution (0 to 10 microg/ml) and with GZ labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as the tracer; the antibody complex was captured by using rabbit anti-mouse IgG preactivated ELISA plates. These experiments showed that monoclonal anti-GZ-3H4 generates a more sensitive assay close to linearity in the range about of 0.1 to 10 microg/ml of GZ. No cross-reaction was observed with histamine, histidine, or lysine at all concentrations tested.

Levels of toxaphene indicator compounds in fish meal, fish oil and fish feed.

Three toxaphene indicator compounds were determined in fish oil and fish meal of different origin and raw material as well as in feed containing fish oil and fish meal. Fish oil and fish meal from South America contained no or only traces of the indicator congeners. The sum of the three compounds varied in fish oils from Europe between 13 micrograms/kg fat (sand eel oil) and 206 micrograms/kg fat (cod oil). Varying concentrations were also determined in European fish meal and in feed. Toxaphene indicator compounds were as well detected in trout and salmon fed with toxaphene residues containing feed. Results indicate that feed can contribute to toxaphene contamination of farmed salmon from Europe.

Some oxidation products of ethoxyquin including those found in autoxidising systems.

2,4-Dimethyl-6-ethoxyquinoline (2), 1,2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline nitroxide (3), 2,6-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-quinone imine N-oxide (4), 2,6-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-quinone imine (5), 1.8' -di(1,2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline) (6) and 1,2-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline (7) have been prepared from 1,2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline (1) (ethoxyquin) and their spectroscopic properties (UV, IR, mass and NMR) examined.

[Preparation and analysis of dehydrated mixtures of vegetables and underutilized fish species flours: I. Dehydrated mixtures of cereal-fish]. / Elaboracion y análisis de harinas codeshidratadas de vegetales y especies de pescado subutilizadas. I. Codeshidratados de cereal-pescado.

For the purpose of providing possible solutions to the malnutrition problems affecting those populations where cereals and tubers form an important portion of their daily intake, products were prepared from dehydrated mixtures of cereals and under-utilized fish, but which contain high-quality protein. Two cereals were selected for our experiments: rice and corn, and a marine under-utilized fish species (Macrodon ancyclodon). The minced fish muscle recovered by mechanical deboning was mixed with the cereal, obtaining mixtures with 5%, 10% and 15% fish on a dry basis. Feeding experiments using Wistar weaning rats were then carried out to evaluate the most important characteristics. An amino acid profile which reflected high-quality protein was obtained, as evidenced by the excellent PER, NPU, NPR and digestibility values determined. The dehydrated mixtures of fish/cereal flour prepared with 5% and up to 10% fish (dry basis), did not present any odour, but as of the 15% level, fish odour was perceived. Therefore, the use of dehydrated mixtures of fish/cereal flours with up to 10% fish in preparing food products, is recommended, since these would be of great help in solving the scarcity of good-quality protein, particularly in the developing countries.

Elaboración y analisis de harinas codeshidratadas de vegetales y especies de pescado subutilizadas: I. Codeshidratados de cereal-pescado / Preparation and analysis of dehydrated mixtures of vegetables and underutilized fish species flours: I. Dehydrated mixtures of cereal-fish

Con la finalidad de aportar posibles soluciones a los problemas de desnutrición que afectan a aquellas poblaciones en las que los cereales y tubérculos constituyen parte importante de la ingesta habitual diaria, se desarrollaron productos a base de cereales, codeshidratándolos con pulpa de pescado de especies subutizadas en la actualidad, pero que contienen proteína de alta calidad. Se seleccionaron dos cereales para los experimentos: arroz y maíz, y una especie marina subutilizada, curvinata de mar (Macrodom ancyclodom) para preparar harinas codeshidratadas con diferentes proporciones de pescado (0%, 5%, 10% y 15% en base seca). Luego se llevaron a cabo experimentos de alimentación en ratas Wistar, recién destetadas, y se evaluaron las características más importantes, obteniéndose un perfil de aminoácidos que refleja proteínas de alta calidad, evidenciado por los excelentes valores de PER, NPU, NPR y digestibilidad obtenidos. Los codeshidratados preparados con 5% y hasta 10% de pescado en base seca no acusaron ningún olor; a partir del nivel de 15% sí se percibía el olor a pescado. Por lo tanto, se recomienda el uso de los codeshidratados hasta con 10% de pescado en la elaboración de alimentos, ya que éstos serían de gran ayuda en la solución del problema de la excasez de proteína de buena calidad, sobre todo en los países en proceso de desarrollo

Effects of source of protein and carbohydrate on ruminal fermentation and passage of nutrients to the small intestine of lactating cows.

Four early lactation multiparous Holstein cows were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square to investigate the effects of source of protein (fish meal or soybean meal) and carbohydrate (corn or barley) on ruminal fermentation, flow of nutrients to the small intestine, and animal performance. The treatments, arranged in a 2 x 2 (protein x carbohydrate) factorial were: 1) corn plus soybean meal; 2) corn plus fish meal; 3) barley plus soybean meal; and 4) barley plus fish meal. Dry matter and starch intakes were greater when corn was fed than when barley was fed. Barley-based diets were more extensively degraded in the rumen than corn-based diets and therefore provided more energy for microbial growth. However, passage of amino acids and starch to the duodenum was greater for corn-based diets than barley-based diets, because of the greater intake and lower ruminal degradability of the corn-based diets. Microbial protein constituted a larger portion of the total N and had a greater influence on the pattern and quantity of amino acids that passed to the duodenum than did protein from fish meal or soybean meal, which escaped ruminal degradation. Feeding corn-based diets increased production of milk and milk protein compared with feeding barley-based diets.

Utilizaçäo do girassol (Heliantus annus, L.) na alimentaçäo humana: II. Enriquecimento do concentrado proteico de girassol com farinha de peixe e de gergelim / Utilization os sunflower (Heliantus annus, L.) in human foods: II. Enrichment of the sunflower protein concentrate with fish and sesame meals

A farinha de girassol submetida a tratamento térmico resulta em uma melhor qualidade proteica, quando suplementada com o aminoácido lisina, porém, a farinha sem tratamento térmico suplementada com aminoácido metionina näo apresenta efeito na melohoria do valor nutricional. Esses dados mostram que o aminoácido limitante, na farinha de girassol, é o aminoácido lisina e näo metionina. Com base nisso, para confirmar esses resultados, foram utilizados farinha de peixe (rica no aminoácido lisina) e farinha de gergelim (rica em metionina) para o enriquecimento do padräo de aminoácidos do concentrado proteico do girassol. Foram elaboradas 3 dietas ao nível de 10% de proteína, contendo: Concentrado proteico de girassol fornecendo 70% da proteína mais farinha de gergelim (30% da proteína). Concentrado proteico de girassol 70% da proteína, mais farinha de peixe (30% da proteína). Concentrado de girassol 70% da proteína, mais farinha de gergelim 20% e farinha de peixe 10% da proteína. Da análise dos resultados foram seguidas as seguintes conclusöes: A suplementaçäo do concentrado de girassol com 30% da farinha de gergelim, näo produzem um produto de alto valor nutricional, indicando uma vez mais ser o limitante o aminoácido lisina e näo metionina

Efeito da farinha de alfafa, farinha de peixe e farelinho de trigo sobre a deposiçäo de gordura hepática em galinhas Hises White e Hisex Brown / Effect of alfafa meal, fish meal and wheat bran on hepatic lipid deposition in Hisex white and Hisex brown news

Quarenta galinhas da linhagem comercial Hisex Brown e quarenta da linhagem Hisex White contando, respectivamente, com 60 e 61 semanas de idade, foram alimentadas com raçöes isocalóricas e isoprotéicas contendo 10% de farinha de peixe (FP), 10% de farelinho de trigo (FT) e milho e farelo de soja (MS). O experimento teve a duraçäo de 6 semanas, sendo constituido de 10 galinhas por tratamento. As aves submetidas a dieta apresentaram reduçäo significativa no peso do figado e nos niveis de gordura hepática, quando comparadas com aquelas alimentadas com a raçäo controle (MS). O peso do figado (% e mg/100g PV) foram significativamente menores para as gaslinhas Hisex Brown. A inclusäo de farinha de peixe na dieta (FP) determinou significativa reduçäo no percentual de hemorragias hepáticas, quando ambas as linhagens foram consideradas conjuntamente. As aves alimentadas com a dieta FA apresentaram diminuiçäo significativa da postura quando cotejadas com o grupo controle (MS). As aves da linhagem Hisex Brown evidenciaram produçäo e peso dos ovos significativamente mais elevados que as galinhas Hisex White