ABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Societies, Scientific , Recommended Dietary Allowances , Food, Fortified/standards , Food Assistance/standards , Vitamin D/administration & dosage , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/diet therapyABSTRACT
Background: Interest in the support needs of people with intellectual disability has directed attention to developing assessments to measure of the pattern and intensity of supports which people need to participate in valued life activities. Assessments of the support needs of children must account for the influence of age. Method: Four hundred fifty (450) Spanish children with intellectual disability (ages 5-16) were assessed with the SIS-C Spanish. To test for measurement invariance and latent differences, the SIS-C Spanish standardization sample was linked to the SIS-C English normative sample. Models developed during the norming process were used to investigate measurement equivalence across age groups, differences in latent means, and differences in latent variances and standard deviations. Results: Findings suggested that all items on the SIS-C Spanish could reliably be used to measure support needs of children ages 5-16. When exploring age-related differences at the latent level, however, data showed latent mean differences in support need domain scores across age cohorts. Conclusions: The same set of items can be used to measure support needs in children ages 5-16, but age-related influences must be considered in developing norms for theSIS-C Spanish as well as in planning supports for children (AU)
Antecedentes: El interés en las necesidades de apoyo de las personas con discapacidad intelectual debe centrarse en la evaluación del patrón e intensidad de los apoyos requeridos para realizar las actividades diarias. Cuando se evalúan estas necesidades en niños, se debe considerar además la influencia de la edad. Método: Se evaluaron 450 personas con discapacidad intelectual (5-16 años) mediante la versión española de la SIS-C. La invarianza de medida y las diferencias latentes fueron analizadas relacionando la muestra española con la muestra normativa de la versión en inglés. Los modelos desarrollados para la creación de baremos se utilizaron para estudiar las equivalencias de medida en los distintos grupos de edad y las diferencias latentes de sus medias, varianzas y desviaciones típicas. Resultados: Los ítems de la versión española de la SIS-C son fiables para medir las necesidades de apoyo en personas de entre 5 y 16 años. A nivel latente, los datos mostraron diferencias en las medias de las puntuaciones de diferentes grupos de edad. Conclusiones: Pueden utilizarse los mismos ítems para medir las necesidades de apoyo de niños y adolescentes, pero debe considerarse la influencia de la edad tanto en la creación de baremos como en la planificación de apoyos (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Spain , Intellectual Disability/metabolism , Intellectual Disability/psychology , Food Assistance/classification , Food Assistance/organization & administration , Bioethics/education , Informed Consent/psychology , Spain/ethnology , Intellectual Disability/complications , Intellectual Disability/diagnosis , Food Assistance/standards , Food Assistance , Bioethics/trends , Informed Consent/ethicsABSTRACT
Resultados del proyecto Prevención del sobrepeso y de la obesidad en escolares chilenos: Apuesta a la capacidad emprendedora de los niños (FONIS SA10I20016) en respuesta a la interrogante: ¿Es posible contribuir al cambio de conductas asociadas a sobrepeso y obesidad a través de una intervención diseñada para este fin? Material y Métodos: Estudio cuasi experimental en niños/as de 5º y 6º año básico de colegios municipalizados, comuna La Pintana, Región Metropolitana, Chile. Previa obtención de consentimiento informado, se seleccionaron mediante muestreo aleatorio por conglomerado 6 colegios para grupo estudio n=442 y 6 colegios para grupo control n=328. La intervención, con apoyo de software en página Web, se realizó en función del auto diagnóstico de conductas asociadas a la alimentación, identificadas con el instrumento Moore Index Nutrition-Child (MIN-C©), diseñado de acuerdo al marco conceptual de la Teoría de Déficit de Autocuidado de Dorothea Orem. El análisis de resultados utilizó pruebas paramétricas con software R 2012. Resultados: Existe efecto positivo del número de ingresos al sitio web sobre las conductas observadas en el post test comparadas con las del pretest en el grupo intervenido. Conclusión: El efecto de la intervención fue estadísticamente significativo para las conductas estudiadas, en los niños/as que utilizaron el software 8 y más veces. El marco teórico de Orem permite el diseño de una intervención dirigida a motivar el cambio de conductas asociadas a una alimentación saludable (AU)
Results of the project "Prevention of overweight and obesity in Chilean school children: A bet on the enterprising capacity of children" (FONIS SA10I20016), in response to the question: Is it possible to help change behaviors associated with overweight and obesity through an intervention designed for this purpose? Material and Methods: A quasi-experimental study in 5th and 6th grade children of primary municipal schools, La Pintana, Metropolitan Region, Chile. After obtaining informed consent, 6 schools were selected by random cluster sampling for the study group n = 442 and 6 schools for control group n = 328. The intervention, with software supported in Web page, was performed according to the auto diagnostics of behaviors associated with feeding, identified with the Moore-Child Nutrition Index (MIN-C ©) instrument. The analysis of results used parametric tests with R 2012. Results: There is a positive effect of number of times entered to the website on behaviors observed in the post test compared with the pretest in the intervention group. Conclusion: The effect of the intervention was statistically significant for the studied behaviors, in children who used the software 8 times or more (AU)
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Food Assistance/organization & administration , Food Assistance/standards , Self Care/methods , Overweight/nursing , Overweight/prevention & control , Obesity/epidemiology , Obesity/nursing , Obesity/prevention & control , Child Behavior/psychology , Prospective Studies , Nutritional Status/physiology , Analysis of Variance , Confidence IntervalsABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os Conselhos Municipais de Alimentação Escolar (CAE) no Estado de Santa Catarina. Investigação transversal em amostra de municípios catarinenses (n = 152; 52%). Entrevistaram-se preferencialmente os presidentes dos CAE, pesquisando-se o perfil dos conselheiros, as atribuições realizadas e a relação do CAE com outras instâncias de controle social. Utilizou-se Regressão de Poisson para obter razões de prevalências bruta e ajustada. No modelo ajustado seguiu-se uma abordagem hierárquica. A maioria dos conselhos analisava a prestação de contas, fiscalizava os recursos, zelava pela qualidade do PNAE em todos os níveis, orientava o armazenamento dos alimentos, participava da elaboração do cardápio, acompanhava a compra de gêneros e tinha regimento interno. Entretanto, apenas 22,4% realizavam todas as atribuições com frequência maior ou igual à anual. Verificou-se associação positiva entre uma boa atuação do CAE e existência de relação com outros conselhos locais. A sensibilização dos CAE e o estímulo à atuação articulada com outros conselhos e atores envolvidos com a segurança alimentar e nutricional, são essenciais para a garantia do direito à alimentação saudável e adequada nas escolas.
The aim of this study is to assess Municipal School Nutrition Councils (CAEs) of the Brazilian School Nutrition Program (PNAE) in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of municipalities in the state (n = 152; 52%). CAE presidents were interviewed and asked about the counselor profile, attributions performed and the relation of CAEs with other local councils. Poisson regression analysis was conducted to obtain unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios and the adjusted model adopted a hierarchic approach. The majority of councils analyzed their accounting reports, monitored resources and strived for quality of the CAEs at all levels. They coordinated the storage of food, participated in establishing the menu, monitored the purchasing of food and had an internal control system. However, only 22.4% carried out all their attributions once or more per year. A positive association was found between an adequate performance of the CAE and relations with other local councils. The awareness of the CAEs, as well as a stimulus to acting jointly with other councils and actors involved with food and nutrition security, are essential to ensure the right to healthy and adequate nutrition at school.