The social repercussion of cultivated (cell-based) meat / A repercussão social da carne cultivada (à base de células)

This document addresses the different perspectives about the social repercussion of cultivated meat. This topic is current and there are conflicting points of view related to it. Even though food culture is passed down over generations, it is continually changing due to the introduction of new food products in the market and changes in consumers' habits. Population projections indicate accelerated and continuous growth in the coming decades, which should increase the demand for food in general. Research is being developed in search of meat made of animal cells or plants with the sensory characteristics of the bovine product, mainly in the United States, Israel, European Union and China. We suggest some objectives and variables that would be interesting to measure to monitor the impacts of this theme in South America. The initial idea is to suggest to studies with different approaches to build broad knowledge, in the first moment. Obviously, that can be done with many adaptations and qualifications. This document presents initial ideas designed to contribute to and support productive diversification and food sovereignty. It is a document that suggests ideas and discussions, based on the literature with quality results.

Esta nota técnica aborda as diferentes perspectivas sobre a repercussão social da carne celular. Este tema é atual e há pontos de vista conflitantes. Embora a cultura alimentar seja transmitida ao longo das gerações, ela está em constante mudança devido à introdução de novos produtos alimentares no mercado e às mudanças nos hábitos dos consumidores. As projeções populacionais indicam crescimento acelerado e contínuo nas próximas décadas, o que deve aumentar a demanda por alimentos em geral. Pesquisas estão sendo desenvolvidas em busca de carnes feitas de células animais ou vegetais com as características sensoriais do produto bovino, principalmente nos Estados Unidos, Israel, União Europeia e China. Sugerimos alguns objetivos e variáveis que seriam interessantes de mensurar e avaliar para monitorar os impactos desse tema na América do Sul. A ideia inicial é sugerir estudos com diferentes abordagens para construir um conhecimento amplo, nesse primeiro momento. Obviamente, essas sugestões podem ser abordadas após discussões, adaptações e qualificações. Portanto, esse documento apresenta ideias iniciais com o intuito de contribuir com a ciência e apoiar a discussão sobre diversificação produtiva e soberania alimentar. É um documento que propõe ideias, reflexões e discussões, baseado na literatura.

The nanotech potential of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) in food technology: A review.

New trends in food are emerging in response to consumer awareness of the relationship between food and health, which has triggered the need to generate new alternatives that meet the expectations of the market. Revolutionary fields such as nanotechnology have been used for the encapsulation of nutritional ingredients and have great potential for the management of food additives derived from fruits and plant species. Turmeric, a spice that has been used as a dyeing agent, is recognized for its properties in Ayurveda medicine. This article aims to provide an overview of the characteristics of turmeric as an ingredient for the food industry, including its properties as a coloring agent, antioxidant, and functional ingredient. This article also highlights the potential of nanotechnology to enhance these properties of turmeric and increase the possibilities for the application of its components, such as cellulose and starch, in the development of nanostructures for food development.

Prospective Study of Microbial Colorants under the Focus of Patent Documents.

BACKGROUND: Colorant-producing microorganisms are quite common in nature. These biomolecules present many biological activities such as antitumoral, antimicrobial and antioxidant, in addition to the various nuances of color, making them of special technological importance to the industrial sectors. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to conduct a technological mapping in the patent, at European patent Office (EPO), in order to evaluate the global panorama of the use of microbial colorants. METHODS: The experimental design was acquired by the keyword-driven approach through the advanced search in the Espacenet database European Patent Office (EPO). The keywords selected were bacteria or fungi* or yeast or algae or microorganism* but not plant* and pigment* or color* or colorant* or dye* and the International Patent Classification code, C09B61, for prospecting of interest. RESULTS: There has been a linear increase in patents developed in the last 20 years, with Japan as the largest depositor in the area. The companies Dainippon Ink and Chemicals and Ajinomoto, both being Japanese, are the largest depositors with 20% of all patents. Among the microorganisms, the filamentous fungi appeared in the first place with 32% of documents and the fungi of the genus Monascus were the most frequently used. CONCLUSION: The use of microbial colorants has been growing among industries, mainly in food sectors, due to the growing demand for products of natural origin. Thus, the increase in research and technological development in the area of microbial colorants can become an economically viable and promising strategy for the various industrial sectors.

Uso e perspectivas da nanotecnologia na indústria de alimentos / Use and prospects of nanotechnology in the food industry

O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a aceitabilidade do uso da nanotecnologia, assim se fez um estudo de caráter exploratório utilizando como metodologia a abordagem qualitativa desenvolvida segundo o aspecto da informação e o aspecto vulnerável do limite entre a qualidade alimentar como excelência de produto e o abastecimento mundial. Dentro deste contexto, este trabalho analisou efetivamente diversos setores, desde do campo ate o beneficiamento do alimento, sendo coerente com o desenho conceitual da tecnologia proposta. A empregabilidade da nanotecnologia na indústria alimentar está se elaborando de forma factível, proporcionando dispositivos comumente aplicáveis fisicamente, quimicamente e biologicamente. Esta tecnologia visa dinamizar o setor produtivo, identificando, viabilizando e favorecendo as possibilidades de obterem-se produtos de alta gama. Embora os consumidores tenham acesso à rrúdia observou se que a informação que chega é muito restrita, ao mesmo tempo em que é difícil a compreensão, encontra-se em complexa rede de interesses, possuindo implicações econômicas e legais. (AU)

The present study had purpose check the Knowledge and the acceptability of the products nanotechnology by the food consumer. That way , it was made a study with exploiters characters using as methodology the quantity approach developed according to the aspect of the information and to the aspect vulnerability of environment limits between quality food whit excellence the products and global supply. Thus, this work has evaluated the effectiveness the applicability in various sector from the field until the processing of food , being consistent whit the conceptual design of the proposed technology. The employability of nanotechnology in the food industry develop so doable providing devices that commonly applicable physically, chemical and biologically. This technology aims to stimulate the productive sector, identify, enabling and promoting the possibilities of obtaining products of high range. Although the consumer have access to the media ir was observe that the information that ir gets is too restricted , at the same time that the understanding is difficult it is in one complex net of interest that it has economical and legal implications (AU)

Globalização, sustentabilidade, bem-estar animal: os novos desafios para a produção de alimentos / Globalization, sustainability, animal welfare: new challenges for food production

É antiga a preocupação dos produtores de alimentos em relação a sua qualidade intrínseca e aos riscos que podem acarretar à saúde do consumidor, quando os cuidados básicos de caráter higiênico e sanitário deixam a desejar. Agora, outra responsabilidade se impõe: a de produzir alimentos sem agredir o meio ambiente, o que significa produzi-los de maneira limpa, salvaguardando a natureza, economizando água, utilizando matérias- primas e processos saudáveis e, sobretudo para os produtos de origem animal, respeitando o bem-estar dos animais fornecedores de matérias- primas e produtos alimentares. (AU)

Animal board invited review: advances in proteomics for animal and food sciences.

Animal production and health (APH) is an important sector in the world economy, representing a large proportion of the budget of all member states in the European Union and in other continents. APH is a highly competitive sector with a strong emphasis on innovation and, albeit with country to country variations, on scientific research. Proteomics (the study of all proteins present in a given tissue or fluid - i.e. the proteome) has an enormous potential when applied to APH. Nevertheless, for a variety of reasons and in contrast to disciplines such as plant sciences or human biomedicine, such potential is only now being tapped. To counter such limited usage, 6 years ago we created a consortium dedicated to the applications of Proteomics to APH, specifically in the form of a Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action, termed FA1002--Proteomics in Farm Animals: www.cost-faproteomics.org. In 4 years, the consortium quickly enlarged to a total of 31 countries in Europe, as well as Israel, Argentina, Australia and New Zealand. This article has a triple purpose. First, we aim to provide clear examples on the applications and benefits of the use of proteomics in all aspects related to APH. Second, we provide insights and possibilities on the new trends and objectives for APH proteomics applications and technologies for the years to come. Finally, we provide an overview and balance of the major activities and accomplishments of the COST Action on Farm Animal Proteomics. These include activities such as the organization of seminars, workshops and major scientific conferences, organization of summer schools, financing Short-Term Scientific Missions (STSMs) and the generation of scientific literature. Overall, the Action has attained all of the proposed objectives and has made considerable difference by putting proteomics on the global map for animal and veterinary researchers in general and by contributing significantly to reduce the East-West and North-South gaps existing in the European farm animal research. Future activities of significance in the field of scientific research, involving members of the action, as well as others, will likely be established in the future.

Developments and trends in fruit bar production and characterization.

Fruits serve as a source of energy, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. One of the barriers in increasing fruit and vegetables consumption is time required to prepare them. Overall, fruit bars have a far greater nutritional value than the fresh fruits because all nutrients are concentrated and, therefore, would be a convenience food assortment to benefit from the health benefits of fruits. The consumers prefer fruit bars that are more tasted followed by proper textural features that could be obtained by establishing the equilibrium of ingredients, the proper choosing of manufacturing stages and the control of the product final moisture content. Fruit bar preparations may include a mixture of pulps, fresh or dried fruit, sugar, binders, and a variety of minor ingredients. Additionally to the conventional steps of manufacturing (pulping, homogenizing, heating, concentrating, and drying) there have been proposed the use of gelled fruit matrices, dried gels or sponges, and extruders as new trends for processing fruit bars. Different single-type dehydration or combined methods include, in order of increasing process time, air-infrared, vacuum and vacuum-microwave drying convective-solar drying, convective drying, and freeze drying are also suggested as alternative to solar traditional drying stage. The dehydration methods that use vacuum exhibited not only higher retention of antioxidants but also better color, texture, and rehydration capacity. Antioxidant activity resulting from the presence of phenolic compounds in the bars is well established. Besides this, fruit bars are also important sources of carbohydrates and minerals. Given the wide range of bioactive factors in fresh fruits that are preserved in fruit bars, it is plausible that their uptake consumption have a positive effect in reducing the risk of many diseases.

Metabolomics in food science.

Metabolomics, the newest member of the omics techniques, has become an important tool in agriculture, pharmacy, and environmental sciences. Advances in compound extraction, separation, detection, identification, and data analysis have allowed metabolomics applications in food sciences including food processing, quality, and safety. This chapter discusses recent advances and applications of metabolomics in food science.

Cereal bran and wholegrain as a source of dietary fibre: technological and health aspects.

Interest in cereal bran as a source of dietary fibre (DF) and functional components has increased in recent years. Current studies actively focus on DF definition, analysis, formulation in consumer-friendly food products, processing and beneficial health effects. Although bran composition and its benefits to human physiology have been investigated, its technological role as an ingredient is still under study for a variety of cereal foodstuffs. This review provides an overview of cereal bran characterization, functional properties and technological features concerning the bread-making process. In addition, we review the evidence from recent studies indicating that cereal bran may be used as a functional ingredient to improve consumer perception.

Non-traditional flours: frontiers between ancestral heritage and innovation.

Renewed interest in under-utilized plant species that can be used for obtaining flour mainly arises from the finding and promotion of nutritionally relevant attributes. These products can also gain value as functional foods and ingredients. Although they are often presented as new crops and raw materials, they have been used by local populations in traditional ways for many centuries. Their innovation is rather related to the ways in which old and new uses are being readdressed. The present work summarizes recent information about production, chemical composition, nutritional and functional components and health benefits of non-traditional flours. Amongst the most representative groups, pseudocereals, roots and tubers, and leguminous flours are included. Since non-traditional flours or other derivatives could contain relatively high amounts of antinutritional factors that also have health implications, related information about this subject is included.

Nanoalimentos e nanotecnologias aplicadas a alimentos - riscos potenciais, necessidades regulatórias e proposta de instrumento para verificar opiniões sobre riscos potenciais à saúde e ao ambiente / Nanofoods and nanotechnology applied to food - potential risks, regulatory requirements and proposed instrument to check reviews on potential risks to health and the environment

Um dos objetivos deste trabalho foi efetuar uma revisão sucinta dos aspectos relacionados à aplicação de nanotecnologias na produção de alimentos, seus riscos para a saúde humana e o meio ambiente e necessidades regulatórias. A revisão, associada ao resultado de entrevistas semi estruturadas, realizadas anteriormente, serviu de base para a concretização do segundo objetivo, a construção de um questionário para, com a utilização do método Delphi, verificar posições, ideias e conhecimentos de diferentes grupos da sociedade brasileira sobre nanoalimentos e nanotecnologias aplicadas a alimentos no Brasil. O trabalho está organizado em uma introdução do tema, um artigo e considerações finais. Na introdução foram abordados os aspectos conceituais gerais das nanotecnologias; alguns dos seus benefícios e riscos; a participação do Brasil na competição internacional; a preocupação com a saúde humana, incluindo trabalhadores; as aplicações das nanotecnologias na produção de alimentos, seus impactos sociais e éticos e a importância da opinião pública para a condução de um debate sobre os seus marcos regulatórios. A metodologia se constituiu no estudo de literatura sobre o tema e na construção do questionário, cujas questões foram convertidas em programa eletrônico. Na seleção dos elementos participantes, foi considerada a proximidade profissional, mesmo indireta, com as áreas de alimentos e/ou ambiente e saúde e/ou nanotecnologias. No artigo foi demonstrada, de forma detalhada, a elaboração do questionário, a seleção dos participantes e a forma como será aplicado...

[Food and health, a conflictive relationship: the case of Spain]. / Alimentación y salud, una relación conflictiva: el caso de España.

This study analyzes the factors that have triggered a gradual deterioration of eating habits and the new social and cultural imperatives that have seriously undermined the well-being of Spanish consumers. It shows that consumption of basic food products to ensure good nutrition has declined, while consumption of unhealthy food products has increased. The consumption of cereals, rice, legumes and wine has significantly declined; meat, milk, dairy products and fat consumption has substantially increased. Moreover, eating habits have changed and diversified, adapting to new constraints imposed by an increasingly industrialized society. Conclusions and recommendations for acquiring healthy eating habits are presented at the end of the paper.

Alimentación y salud, una relación conflictiva: el caso de España / Food and health, a conflictive relationship: the case of Spain

En este trabajo se analizan los factores que han desencadenado la progresiva desestructuración de los hábitos alimentarios y los nuevos imperativos socioculturales que están dañando seriamente el bienestar de los consumidores en España. Se muestra cómo se ha producido un descenso del consumo de los alimentos considerados esenciales para una buena alimentación y un aumento de los que perjudican la salud. Así, el consumo de cereales, arroz, legumbres y vino ha descendido de forma muy significativa, mientras que el consumo de carne, leche y sus derivados, y aceites ha crecido de forma notable. Además, se han modificado y diversificado las maneras de comer al adaptarse a las nuevas limitaciones impuestas por las transformaciones producidas en una sociedad cada vez más industrializada. Al final se presenta una serie de conclusiones y recomendaciones para lograr tener hábitos alimenticios saludables.

This study analyzes the factors that have triggered a gradual deterioration of eating habits and the new social and cultural imperatives that have seriously undermined the well-being of Spanish consumers. It shows that consumption of basic food products to ensure good nutrition has declined, while consumption of unhealthy food products has increased. The consumption of cereals, rice, legumes and wine has significantly declined; meat, milk, dairy products and fat consumption has substantially increased. Moreover, eating habits have changed and diversified, adapting to new constraints imposed by an increasingly industrialized society. Conclusions and recommendations for acquiring healthy eating habits are presented at the end of the paper.

Apple pomace: a versatile substrate for biotechnological applications.

Apple pomace is the processing waste generated after apple juice manufacturing and represents up to 30% of the original fruit. This solid residue consists of a complex mixture of peel, core, seed, calyx, stem, and soft tissue. This residual material is a poor animal feed supplement because of its extremely low protein content and high amount of sugar. The application of agroindustrial by-products in bioprocesses offers a wide range of alternative substrates, thus helping solve pollution problems related to their disposal. Attempts have been made to use apple pomace to generate several value-added products, such as enzymes, single cell protein, aroma compounds, ethanol, organic acids, polysaccharides, and mushrooms. This article reviews recent developments regarding processes and products that employed apple pomace as a substrate for biotechnological applications.

Comportamento da beta-caseína na interface água-óleo de emulsões alimentares / Beta-casein behavior at the water-oil interface in food emulsion

Entende-se que, no futuro, a Tecnologia de Alimentos, no aperfeiçoamento de produtos alimentícios mais sofisticados, deverá orientar-se segundo duas direções: a elaboração de produtos mais atrativos e convenientes e ao mesmo tempo mais nutritivos e com apelo funcional. Assim, o desenvolvimento de processos tecnológicos deverá estar dirigido para a introdução de novas matérias-primas, para o aproveitamento de subprodutos e para a produção alimentos funcionais ou de alimentos mais nutritivos e atraentes, que posam ser utilizados por grande parte da população mundial e ter impacto na Saúde Pública. O conhecimento dos determinantes da estruturação de alimentos, da forma como ingredientes funcionais colaboram na formação da estrutura supramolecular e a relação entre percepção da textura e a estrutura do alimento é fundamental para que se produzam alimentos de texturas adequadas de intervenção nutricional. A -caseína é um importante ingrediente funcional capaz de emulsionar grande volume de óleo e conferir estrutura estável a uma série de produtos alimentícios. Neste trabalho investigamos por RMN de 1H a dinâmica da -caseína na interface óleo-água de emulsões. Primeiramente a -caseína foi purificada por FPLC (Fast Polymer Liquid Chromatography): a pureza da preparação foi controlada por SDS-PAGE e a proteína purificada foi então usada para produzir emulsões. Um sistema modelo foi constituído por -caseína, água e decano foi empregado, com substituição de cada componente por seu derivado deuterado. Desse modo, a principal fonte de próton poderia estar sempre identificada, permitindo estimar a contribuição de cada componente para os espectros obtidos. O tempo de relaxação (T2) das emulsões e dos seus componentes puros foi determinado pela seqüência de pulsos CPMG e a análise dos dados mostrou um sistema multiexponensial. Foram detectadas três principais populações de prótons, representando mobilidades moleculares muito menores que as dos componentes puros isolados. Pode-se dizer, analizando os resultados obtidos, que as emulsões restringiram a mobilidade molecular da água, lipídeo e proteína. A água, decano e -caseína livres foram detectados nos sistemas emulsificados em quantidades muito pequenas.