El tumor inflamatorio de Pott: una complicación infrecuente de la sinusitis. Reporte de caso / Pott's puffy tumor: A rare complication of sinusitis. A case report

Una complicación infrecuente de la sinusitis frontal es el tumor inflamatorio de Pott. Se manifiesta como una tumefacción en la frente por la presencia de un absceso subperióstico secundario a una osteomielitis del hueso frontal. El diagnóstico oportuno permite un tratamiento intensivo médico y quirúrgico precoz, esencial para evitar complicaciones intracraneales graves. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 12 años con un tumor inflamatorio de Pott como complicación de una pansinusitis. Representó un desafío diagnóstico; sin embargo, la instauración del tratamiento oportuno permitió una evolución clínica favorable.

A rare complication of frontal sinusitis includes Pott's puffy tumor. It manifests as a swelling of the forehead due to the presence of a subperiosteal abscess secondary to osteomyelitis of the frontal bone. A timely diagnosis allows for an early, intensive medical and surgical treatment, which is critical to prevent serious intracranial complications. Here we describe the case of a 12-year-old boy with Pott's puffy tumor as a complication of pansinusitis. This case was a diagnostic challenge; however, a timely treatment allowed for a favorable clinical course.

Pott's puffy tumor: A rare complication of sinusitis. A case report. / El tumor inflamatorio de Pott: una complicación infrecuente de la sinusitis. Reporte de caso.

A rare complication of frontal sinusitis includes Pott's puffy tumor. It manifests as a swelling of the forehead due to the presence of a subperiosteal abscess secondary to osteomyelitis of the frontal bone. A timely diagnosis allows for an early, intensive medical and surgical treatment, which is critical to prevent serious intracranial complications. Here we describe the case of a 12-year-old boy with Pott's puffy tumor as a complication of pansinusitis. This case was a diagnostic challenge; however, a timely treatment allowed for a favorable clinical course.

Una complicación infrecuente de la sinusitis frontal es el tumor inflamatorio de Pott. Se manifiesta como una tumefacción en la frente por la presencia de un absceso subperióstico secundario a una osteomielitis del hueso frontal. El diagnóstico oportuno permite un tratamiento intensivo médico y quirúrgico precoz, esencial para evitar complicaciones intracraneales graves. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 12 años con un tumor inflamatorio de Pott como complicación de una pansinusitis. Representó un desafío diagnóstico; sin embargo, la instauración del tratamiento oportuno permitió una evolución clínica favorable.

Encefalitis y abscesificación cerebral como complicación de una sinusitis frontal aguda en un niño / Encephalitis and brain abscesification as a complication of acute frontal sinusitis in a child

Resumen Las sinusitis son procesos infecciosos-inflamatorios de las cavidades neumáticas paranasales. Entre las complicaciones de las sinusitis agudas se encuentra la afectación intracraneal, con meningoencefalitis e incluso abscesos extra o subdurales. En este trabajo se describe un caso de meningoencefalitis y empiemas subdurales derivados de una sinusitis frontal aguda en un niño de 12 años, que acudió a urgencias presentando alteración del nivel de conciencia y hemiparesia derecha. Se realizan estudios de tomografía computada y resonancia magnética cerebral, evidenciándose ocupación de seno frontal izquierdo, acompañada de extensa afectación hipercaptante en cubiertas en hemisferio cerebral izquierdo, con formación de empiemas subdurales a nivel frontal izquierdo, parafalciano y en reborde tentorial. Ingresa para tratamiento antibiótico intravenoso y dado el nivel de afectación y la escasa respuesta a tratamiento médico, se decide realizar cirugía endoscópica DRAF IIa con drenaje del absceso frontal, etmoidectomía y meatotomía media izquierda, con sonda de drenaje a fosa nasal. Las complicaciones a nivel de sistema nervioso central son graves y han de tenerse siempre presentes, requiriendo en ocasiones drenaje quirúrgico con abordaje por vía endonasal o abierta.

Abstract Sinusitis are infectious-inflammatory processes of the pneumatic paranasal cavities. Among the complications of acute sinusitis, we can find intracranial involvement, with meningoencephalitis and even extra or subdural abscesses. In this article we describe a case of meningoencephalitis and subdural empyemas associated with acute frontal sinusitis in a 12-year-old child who presented to the emergency room referring altered level of consciousness and right hemiparesis. Computed tomography scan and brain magnetic resonance imaging studies were performed, evidencing left frontal sinus occupation, accompanied by extensive hypercaptant defects in the left cerebral hemisphere, with formation of subdural empyemas at the left frontal level, parafalcian and in the tentorial area. He was hospitalized for intravenous antibiotic treatment, and given the lack of response to medical treatment, a DRAF IIa sinus surgery and drainage of the frontal abscess, ethmoidectomy and left middle meatotomy with drainage tube to the nasal cavity were performed. Complications at the central nervous system are serious and must always be kept in mind, sometimes requiring surgical drainage with an endonasal or open approach.

Rare presentation occult lateral frontal rhinosinusitis with eyelid fistula, ectropion and lagophthalmos. A case report.

We report an unusual case of a 53-year-old male with fistula, ectropion and lagophthalmos due to lateral frontal rhinosinusitis. Two years ago, he presented soft erythematous swelling at internal epicanthus. A year and a half before, he presented upper eyelid fistula secretion drainage, cicatricial ectropion and lagophthalmos. No otorhinolaryngological or visual discomfort was reported. Ophthalmology performed ectropion surgical repair using skin grafting, with no improvement. They requested magnetic resonance imaging which showed a suggestive image of frontal lateral sinusitis, being transferred to the Otorhinolaryngology service. External and endoscopic nasal surgery was performed, which resolved the sinus pathology with good evolution.

Se informa un inusual caso de un varón de 53 años, con fístula, ectropión y lagoftalmos derecho debido a rinosinusitis crónica frontal lateral. Dos años antes presentó tumefacción blanda y eritematosa en el epicanto interno. Un año y medio antes tuvo drenaje de secreción por fístula en el párpado superior, ectropión cicatrizal superomedial y lagoftamos ipsilateral, sin molestias otorrinolaringológicas ni alteración visual. El Servicio de Oftalmología realizó reparación quirúrgica mediante injerto de piel, sin mostrar mejoría, por lo que se solicitó resonancia magnética, que evidenció imagen indicativa de sinusitis frontal lateral derecha y fue transferido al Servicio de Otorrinolaringología. Se practicó una cirugía externa y endoscópica, que resolvió la afección sinusal, con buena evolución.

Empiema subdural recidivante secundário à sinusite bacteriana frontal em um adolescente imunocompetente: relato de caso / Relapsing subdural empyema secondary to frontal bacterial sinusitis in an immunocompetent adolescent: case report

A sinusite é uma causa rara de infecção intracraniana, sendo responsável por 2,4% dos casos em pacientes jovens, e tem como a complicação intracraniana mais frequente o empiema subdural (ESD). Descrevemos um caso raro de um adolescente imunocompetente de 16 anos que evoluiu com confusão mental, rebaixamento do nível de consciência, anisocoria, hemiparesia à direita, afasia e febre. Tomografa computadorizada confirmou ESD, e paciente foi submetido à avaliação laboratorial e abordagem clínico-cirúrgica para tratamento do quadro.

Sinusitis is a rare cause of intracranial infection, accounting for 2.4% of cases in young patients. The most frequent intracranial complication is subdural empyema (SDE). We describe a rare case of a 16-year-old immunocompetent adolescent who developed mental confusion, lowered consciousness, anisocoria, right hemiparesis, aphasia, and fever. Computed tomography confirmed SDE, and the patient underwent laboratory evaluation and clinical-surgical approach for treatment of the condition.

Celulitis orbitaria secundaria a sinusitis. Presentación de un caso / Orbital cellulitis secondary to sinusitis. Case presentation

La celulitis orbitaria es la causa más frecuente de inflamación aguda de la órbita y constituye una urgencia oftalmológica relativamente frecuente y potencialmente grave en la población pediátrica. La inflamación puede extenderse a la región postseptal, y afectar el contenido de la órbita. La relación anatómica de la órbita con estructuras vecinas como los senos paranasales, es clave para entender la etiopatogenia de la enfermedad; aparece, en la mayoría de las ocasiones, como complicación de una sinusitis. Se presenta una paciente de cinco años de edad, con diagnóstico de celulitis orbitaria secundaria a una sinusitis. La descripción de las características clínicas de la enfermedad y su manejo en este caso, puede aportar información útil para el mejor abordaje de la entidad. Se concluye que los elementos fundamentales son el diagnóstico temprano y la atención multidisciplinaria.

Orbital cellulitis is the most frequent cause of acute swelling of the orbit and is a relatively frequent ophthalmological emergency and potentially serious in the pediatric population. The inflammation may extend to post septal region, and affect the orbit content. The anatomical relation of the orbit with their neighboring structures as paranasal sinuses is the key to understand the etiopathogenesis of the disease; a case of a five-year-old patient is presented, with a diagnosis of orbital cellulitis secondary to sinusitis. The description of the clinical characteristics of the disease and its management in this case, may offer useful information for a better approach of this entity. It is concluded that the main elements are early diagnosis and multidisciplinary evaluation.

An Uncommon Complication of Sinusitis in a Young Adolescent.

A young adolescent patient presented to the emergency department with forehead and eyelid swelling after a week of nasal discharge that was suspicious for Pott's puffy tumor. Point-of-care ultrasound facilitated rapid diagnosis and initiation of treatment for a concerning and rare complication of sinusitis, confirmed by computed tomography scan.

Empiema subdural secundario a sinusitis: reporte de caso / Subdural empyema secondary to sinusitis: case report

El empiema subdural es una complicación intracraneana secundaria a sinusitis bacteriana poco frecuente que ocurre generalmenteen varones entre la segunda y tercera década de la vida. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino, de 16 años, sinantecedentes, asintomático. Ingresa por cefalea frontoparietal izquierda intensa, compromiso cualitativo de conciencia, calofríos,fiebre y vómitos, sin focalidad neurológica ni signos meníngeos. Resonancia magnética de cerebro muestra colección líquida subduralinterhemisférica en región frontoparietal izquierda que desplaza línea media y sinusitis aguda frontoetmoidomaxilar ipsilateral.Se realiza craniectomía frontoparietal, drenaje quirúrgico y tratamiento antibiótico triasociado intravenoso. Paciente evolucionacon desaparición de síntomas y sin secuelas neurológicas. La clínica del empiema subdural es inespecífica, encontrándose másfrecuentemente cefalea, vómitos, fiebre y compromiso de conciencia. Las imágenes son esenciales para confirmar el diagnósticoy determinar la necesidad de cirugía. Es una patología, cuyo manejo debe ser médico y quirúrgico, comprendiendo drenaje dela colección y terapia antimicrobiana intravenosa. La duración del tratamiento se ha descrito de 3 a 6 semanas. Es necesario unabordaje multidisciplinario precoz para un buen resultado neurológico y funcional, ya que la morbimortalidad se describe hastaun 40%.

The subdural empyema secondary to sinusitis is a rare intracranial complication, which occurs mostly in males in the secondto third decade. We present a case of a 16 years old male patient, without medical history. He is hospitalized for a frontparietalprogressive headache, associated with decreased of consciousness, chills, fever and vomiting, without neurological deficit andmeningeal signs. The magnetic resonance imaging reveals a subdural interhemispheric liquid collection in the left frontparietal regionwith deviation of midline brain structures and left acute frontethmoidmaxilary sinusitis. Craniotomy and surgical drainage withintravenous antibiotic treatment was made. The symptoms dissapear after this and no neurological sequelae was found. The clinicalmanifestation of subdural empyema are inespecific. The more frecuent symptoms are headache, vomit, fever and decreasedof consciousness. The imaging study is essential to diagnose and evaluate the surgical need. The subdural empyema is pathologywith a medical and surgical management; wich involves collection drainage and intravenous antibiotic therapy. It is been describedthat the treatment duration will be prolonged for 3 to 6 weeks. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary for a better neurologicaland functional outcome, because the mortality rates are described up to 40%.

Tumor inflamatorio de Pott en el siglo XXI: presentación de dos casos / Inflammatory Tumor of Pott in the 21st Century: Presentation of two cases

La sinusitis es una patología frecuente en la edad pediátrica y generalmente se presenta como complicación de una infección de vías respiratorias altas. En la era preantibiotica las sinusitis producían con cierta frecuencia, complicaciones extra o intracraneales. El tumor inflamatorio de Pott es una complicación, actualmente inusual de la sinusitis frontal entre sus causas más frecuentes. Sin embargo, el diagnóstico precoz y el tratamiento médico quirúrgico oportuno son fundamentales para evitar secuelas neurológicas devastadoras o incluso la muerte de los pacientes que padecen esta patología. Se presenta el caso de dos pacientes con diagnóstico de sinusitis, quienes desarrollan el tumor inflamatorio de Pott y sus complicaciones supurativas intracraneales extraaxiales. Se revisa en la literatura, las características clínicas, imagenologicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta entidad.

Evolução clínica e tomográfica da osteomielite frontal: relato de caso / Clinical and tomography evolution of frontal osteomyelitis: case report

INTRODUÇÃO: A osteomielite frontal é uma complicação de rinossinusite que pode ter evolução aguda ou crônica. Há reação inflamatória com aumento da pressão intra-óssea, isquemia e necrose local, levando à formação de abscesso ósseo. Não havendo drenagem, ocorrerá descolamento do periósteo, invasão de partes moles e piora da isquemia com posterior sequestro ósseo. MÉTODO: Relato de caso de um paciente internado em serviço de emergência de outra instituição por complicação de rinossinusite que foi encaminhado para o Serviço de Otorrinolaringologia do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos da Universidade Federal da Bahia. RELATO DE CASO: Paciente masculino, 16 anos, apresentou-se ao serviço de emergência de outra instituição com cefaleia, vômitos e febre que evoluiu com edema periorbitário e frontal à esquerda, cursando com flutuação palpebral e frontal.Submetido à drenagem de abscesso palpebral e frontal, com antibioticoterapia de amplo espectro sem melhora. Encaminhado para o nosso serviço mantendo edema e flutuação em região frontal e edema leve em região periorbitária esquerda. A endoscopia nasal evidenciou edema em meato médio à esquerda e a tomografia computadorizada mostrou sinusite fronto-etmoidal à esquerda e sinais de osteomielite frontal com sequestro ósseo e empiema epidural.Submetido à cirurgia endoscópica nasossinusal, acesso externo para exérese do osso frontal acometido e drenagem do empiema epidural. Evoluiu com remissão da doença. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: A falência no diagnóstico e no tratamento das complicações da rinossinusite pode levar a sequelas e complicações fatais.O diagnóstico de osteomielite frontal é firmado pela suspeita clinica e confirmado por exames radiológicos.A cirurgia está indicada quando a evolução for insidiosa, havendo sequestro ósseo ou complicações intracranianas.

INTRODUCTION: The frontal osteomyelitis is a complication of rhinosinusitis which can evolve to acute or chronicle. There is inflammatory reaction by the increasing of intraosseous pressure, ischemia and local necrosis, leading to bone abscess formation. There is no drainage, it will occur detachment of the periosteum, soft tissue invasion and worsening of ischemia with subsequent bone sequestration. METHOD: Case report of an inpatient in an emergency service of another institution by the complication of rhinosinusitis who was referred to the Otorhinolaryngology Service of University Hospital Professor Edgard Santos of Federal University of Bahia. CASE REPORT: Male patient, 16 years-old, presented himself to the ER of another institution with cephalea, vomits and fever which evolved to periorbital edema and frontal to the left, moving to palpebral fluctuation and frontal. Subjected to frontal and palpebral abscess drainage, with broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy with no improvement. He was referred to our service keeping edema and fluctuation in region frontal and light edema in left periorbital region. The nasal endoscopy showed edema in meatus to the left and the computerized tomography showed fronto-ethmoid sinusitis to the left and signs of frontal osteomyelitis with bone sequestration and epidural empyema. Subjected to sinasal endoscopy surgery, external Access or removal of the frontal one affected and epidural empyema drainage. Evolved to the remission of the disease. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Failure in the diagnosis and rhinosinusitis complication treatment can lead to sequalae and fatal complications. The diagnosis of the frontal osteomyelitis is confirmed by the clinical suspicion and confirmed by radiological examination. The surgery is indicated when the evolution is insidious, there is bone sequestration and intracranial complications.

Tumor de Pott / Pott´s Puffy tumor

Tumor de Pott (Pott‘s Puffy tumor) é uma comorbidade caracterizada por um ou mais abscessos sub-periosteais do osso frontal associados a osteomielite subjacente. As etiologias incluem trauma e sinusite, entre outras. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente de 17 anos que se apresentou com abaulameto doloroso, calor local e flutuação na região frontal à direita há um mês, bem como cefaléia holocraniana e hipertermia. O diagnóstico de Tumor de Pott como uma complicação de uma sinusite frontal foi estabelecido pela clínica e confirmado por tomografia computadorizada de crânio. Foi tratada com sucesso com esquema inicial de amoxicilina mais clavulanato, o qual foi substituído por ciprofloxacina, associados à craniotomia, com craniectomia do osso acometido. Esta é uma doença que por ser infreqüente muitas vezes não é diagnosticada. Deste modo enfatizamos o diagnóstico e tratamento precoces como forma de evitar seqüelas neurológicas.

Pott‘s Puffy Tumor is a comorbidity characterized by one or multiple subperiosteal abscesses of the frontal bone associated with underlying osteomyelitis. Etiologies include trauma and sinusitis among others. Here we report the case of a 17-year-old female patient with painful bulging, local heat, and fluctuation in the frontal region on the right for a month, as well as holocranial headache and hyperthermia. The diagnosis of Pott‘s Puffy Tumor as a complication of frontal sinusitis was clinically established and confirmed by computerized tomography of the skull. It was successfully initially treated with amoxicilin + clavunate, followed by ciprofloxacin, combined with craniotomy and craniectomy of the affected bone. Because of its rarity, this disorder often goes underdiagnosed. Thus we emphasize an early diagnosis and treatment so as to avoid neurological sequels.

Brain abscess secondary to frontal osteomyelitis.

Frontal osteomyelitis is a rare complication of sinusitis. Common intracranial complications of the frontal osteomyelitis are meningitis, epidural empyema, subdural empyema and brain abscess. We described a case of frontal osteomyelitis with brain abscess caused by Staphylococcus aureus with improve after needle aspiration and antibiotics to brain abscess for eight weeks and for chronic osteomyelitis for four months.

Brain abscess secondary to frontal osteomyelitis / Abscesso cerebral secundário à osteomielite frontal

Frontal osteomyelitis is a rare complication of sinusitis. Common intracranial complications of the frontal osteomyelitis are meningitis, epidural empyema, subdural empyema and brain abscess. We described a case of frontal osteomyelitis with brain abscess caused by Staphylococcus aureus with improve after needle aspiration and antibiotics to brain abscess for eight weeks and for chronic osteomyelitis for four months.

A osteomielite de osso frontal é uma complicação rara da sinusite frontal. As complicações intracranianas mais comuns da osteomielite frontal são: meningite, empiema epidural, empiema subdural e abscesso cerebral. Relatamos um caso de osteomielite frontal com abscesso cerebral cujo agente etiológico foi o Staphylococcus aureus. Houve melhora significativa após drenagem guiada por agulha e antibiótico por oito semanas e para a osteomielite crônica por quatro meses.

Osteomielite frontal pós-sinusite frontal / Osteomyelitis complicating frontal sinusitis

A osteomielite frontal é uma complicaçäo de sinusite rara após o advento da antibioticoterapia. Neste trabalho säo apresentados e discutidos aspectos do quadro clínico, diagnóstico e tratamento de sete casos de osteomielite frontal

Erosion of the wall of the frontal sinus caused by mucopyocele in cystic fibrosis.

Three patients with cystic fibrosis had complete erosion of one of the walls of a frontal sinus caused by a mucopyocele. Only fibrous tissue then separated the purulent contents of the sinus from the orbit or central nervous system. Initial surgery was unsuccessful, but two patients have remained free of symptoms after a second obliterating procedure. Sinus mucocele must be excluded by appropriate radiographic techniques when patients with cystic fibrosis have severe frontal headache and acute ophthalmologic symptoms.