Acute gastric dilatation with segmented abdominal paresis as a rare manifestation of herpes zoster: a case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Herpes zoster is a common disease that can affect men and women at any age. Sensory neuropathy is the most common complication while motor neuropathy of the abdominal muscles is rare complication appearing in ~ 0.7% of patients. Furthermore, visceral nerve involvement causing gastroparesis is an extremely rare postherpetic complication. We present an extremely rare case of acute gastric dilatation with segmented abdominal paresis as a rare manifestation of herpes zoster infection. CASE PRESENTATION: A 91-year-old Asian man was admitted to hospital with 2-day history of vomiting and left abdominal protrusion. He was previously treated for a rash on the left abdominal wall as herpes zoster infection with oral valaciclovir 2 weeks prior. On physical examination, characteristic herpes zoster rash scars and an ipsilateral abdominal bulge were observed on the left side. Computed tomography revealed no abdominal wall defect, mass, or stenosis. Remarkable distension of the stomach, asymmetrical left flank wall bulge, and a thinner abdominal wall on the left compared with the right side were shown. He was diagnosed as acute gastric dilatation owing to gastroparesis and segmental paresis of the abdominal musculature associated with herpes zoster infection. The patient showed significant improvement in symptoms and abdominal paresis within a month of conservative treatment, including nasogastric tube decompression and mosapride administration. CONCLUSION: Acute gastric dilatation with abdominal paresis is an extremely rare complication of herpes zoster infection, and to date there have been no reports in the literature. It alerts us that, when examining patients with abdominal bulge, we should be conscious of this rare pathology for the optical diagnosis, avoiding unnecessary invasive examination or surgical exploration.

Abdominal compartment syndrome caused by severe acute gastric distension in a patient with COVID-19: A case report.

RATIONALE: The clinical manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ranges from asymptomatic to critical. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is involved in the early stages of the disease and is recognized as an important entry site for the virus. Consequently, GI manifestations are common in patients with COVID-19; however, the GI presentation of COVID-19 in relation to bowel dilatation has rarely been reported. Here, we report a case of acute severe gastric distension resulting in aortic compression and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) in a patient with COVID-19. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 72-year-old male presented to the emergency department (ED) with severe abdominal distension. The patient had been confirmed to have COVID-19 5 days prior to the visit. DIAGNOSES: Computed tomography revealed critical abdominal distension with severe gastric dilatation, accompanied by compression of the abdominal aorta and distal thrombosis formation. INTERVENTIONS: Intravenous fluid resuscitation and support with inotropic agents were initiated immediately, and a large amount of gastric content was evacuated via a nasogastric (NG) tube. OUTCOME: Finally, the patient was discharged after 12 days of admission without obvious complications. LESSONS: ACS is critical, which can be caused by a severe degree of acute gastric distension (AGD). Evacuation of the intraluminal contents is the most efficient management strategy. Prognosis is poor, and most previous studies of the transition from AGD to ACS have reported unfavorable outcomes.

Binge eating after a religious fast: Acute gastric dilation causing perforation - a case report.

Acute gastric dilation after binge eating may lead to ischaemic necrosis and perforation of the gastric wall. Though rarely seen owing to the rich blood supply of the stomach, its sequelae may be avoided by prompt decompression of the dilated stomach. We present such a case heretofore rarely reported from India.

Counterclockwise gastric dilatation and volvulus in a dog.

A 6-year-old neutered male golden retriever mix dog was presented for investigation of acute restlessness, increased respiratory effort, non-productive retching, and anorexia. Initial abdominal radiography revealed marked gastric dilation with a normal gastric shape and position, along with mineralized granular material in the pyloric region, consistent with a pyloric outflow obstruction secondary to suspected sand impaction. The dog was stabilized with gastric trocharization and medical management with intravenous fluids, antiemetics, polyethylene glycol via a nasogastric tube, and analgesia was initiated. The dog developed aspiration pneumonia during hospitalization and became oxygen-dependent. There was no significant improvement of clinical status despite 72 h of medical management, and surgical intervention was subsequently recommended. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a counterclockwise gastric dilatation and volvulus. The stomach was repositioned into normal anatomic position and an incisional gastropexy was performed. The dog was maintained in the intensive care unit for 4 d postoperatively. Currently, 3 mo postoperatively, the dog is healthy without recurrence of clinical signs. Key clinical message: Counterclockwise gastric dilatation and volvulus is a rare condition in veterinary medicine; however, it should be considered in a patient with acute gastric distension and signs of pyloric outflow obstruction when characteristic radiological signs of clockwise gastric dilatation and volvulus are absent, and there is radiological evidence of persistent gastric foreign material despite medical management. Misdiagnosis of counterclockwise gastric dilatation and volvulus can delay definitive surgical intervention and lead to higher morbidity and mortality.

Dilatation gastrique dans le sens inverse des aiguilles d'une montre et volvulus chez un chien. Un chien golden retriever mâle castré âgé de 6 ans a été présenté pour évaluation à la suite d'agitation aiguë, d'un effort respiratoire accru, des haut-le-coeur non productifs et d'anorexie. La radiographie abdominale initiale a révélé une dilatation gastrique marquée avec une forme et une position gastrique normales, ainsi qu'un matériau granulaire minéralisé dans la région pylorique, compatible avec une suspicion d'obstruction de l'écoulement pylorique secondaire à une impaction par du sable. Le chien a été stabilisé avec une trocarisation gastrique et une prise en charge médicale avec des fluides intraveineux, des antiémétiques, du polyéthylène glycol via une sonde nasogastrique, et une analgésie a été initiée. Le chien a développé une pneumonie par aspiration pendant l'hospitalisation et est devenu dépendant de l'oxygène. Il n'y a pas eu d'amélioration significative de l'état clinique malgré 72 h de prise en charge médicale et une intervention chirurgicale a été recommandée. La laparotomie exploratrice a révélé une dilatation gastrique dans le sens inverse des aiguilles d'une montre et un volvulus. L'estomac a été repositionné en position anatomique normale et une gastropexie incisionnelle a été réalisée. Le chien a été maintenu en unité de soins intensifs pendant 4 jours après l'opération. Actuellement, 3 mois après l'opération, le chien est en bonne santé sans récidive des signes cliniques.Message clinique clé :La dilatation dans le sens inverse des aiguilles d'une montre et le volvulus gastriques sont une affection rare en médecine vétérinaire; cependant, cela doit être envisagé chez un patient présentant une distension gastrique aiguë et des signes d'obstruction de l'écoulement pylorique en l'absence de signes radiologiques caractéristiques de dilatation gastrique dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre et de volvulus, et en cas de preuve radiologique de corps étranger gastrique persistant malgré la prise en charge médicale. Un diagnostic erroné de dilatation gastrique dans le sens inverse des aiguilles d'une montre et de volvulus peut retarder l'intervention chirurgicale définitive et entraîner une morbidité et une mortalité plus élevées.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

The Comparison Between Supreme Laryngeal Mask Airway and Endotracheal Tube With Respect to Adequacy of Ventilation in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Under General Anesthesia-A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Study, and Comparative Study.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a commonly performed surgical procedure. Most anesthesiologists advocate tracheal intubation. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is becoming a day care surgery, hence many anaesthesiologists have started using laryngeal masks to decrease airway manipulation seen with conventional laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation and avoid hemodynamic pressor responses and postoperative sore throat. The Supreme laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is an innovative, sterile, single use, supraglottic airway management device which provides access to and functional separation of the respiratory and digestive tracts. In this study, there are two objectives-(1) primary objective: to assess the adequacy of ventilation when using LMA-Supreme^(TM) (LMA-S) and endotracheal tube (ETT), and (2) secondary objective: the first is to give the time for achieving effective airway and number of attempts for securing airway. The second is to assess haemodynamic parameters (heart rate and blood pressure). The last is to show the incidence of gastric distension, regurgitation and postoperative sore throat. METHODS: A total of 132 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-II patients were randomly assigned to LMA-S and ETT for intraoperative ventilation. After induction of general anaesthesia, the device was inserted, correct placement was checked, and parameters were recorded. SPSS version 20.0 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistical analysis. A P-value less than 0.05 is statistically significant. RESULTS: Ventilatory parameters such as inspiratory and expiratory leak volumes, and peak airway pressure values were comparable between the groups throughout the entire time interval. The number of attempts for successful insertion were comparable, but the mean time required for achieving effective airway was significantly longer in ETT than LMA-S (25.2 ± 8.3 sec vs. 18.6 ± 5.1 sec, respectively [P ＜ 0.05]). There was no situation in which the patient from the LMA-S group had to be intubated. The haemodynamic responses to insertion, pneumoperitoneum inflation and deflation, and removal of the device were greater for the ETT than the LMA-S. There were no complications like gastric distension or regurgitation in either groups. The postoperative sore throat at 2 hours and 24 hours was significantly lower in group LMA-S than group ETT. CONCLUSIONS: Positive pressure ventilation with a correctly placed LMA-S allows adequate pulmonary ventilation, without the untoward hemodynamic and postoperative adverse effects of endotracheal intubation, in laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery.

Sleeve gastrectomy for idiopathic acute gastric dilatation with transmural necrosis.

Acute gastric dilatation (AGD) is usually related to eating disorders, postoperative status and mechanical obstruction of the duodenum. When intragastric pressure is augmented, it can lead to alteration of blood flow and result in transmural necrosis. However, there are very few reports on idiopathic AGD and so here we describe the case of a 26-year-old woman diagnosed with AGD without any apparent cause. Conservative treatment was initially conducted, but because of the persistence of dilatation, presence of gastric ulcer and gastric pneumatosis, a surgical approach was necessary. During surgery, gastric necrosis was observed in the greater curvature. A sleeve gastrectomy was conducted from the angle of His to the antrum. No complications were present during the postoperative course. Oeso-gastro-duodenal barium study showed no signs of gastric emptying and psychiatric evaluation ruled out any eating disorder.

Identification of Genetic Susceptibility Factors Associated with Canine Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus.

Canine gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) is a common life-threatening condition occurring primarily in large and giant breeds with a 3.9% to 36.7% lifetime risk. The genetic correlates of GDV have not previously been systematically explored. We undertook an inter-breed genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) of 253 dogs from ten breeds including 106 healthy dogs and 147 dogs with at least one GDV episode. SNP array genotyping followed by imputation was conducted on 241 samples to identify GDV-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variations (CNVs). A subset of 33 dogs (15 healthy dogs and 18 GDV patients from the three most represented breeds) was characterized by whole genome sequencing (WGS). After genome-wide Bonferroni correction, we identified a significant putatively protective intergenic SNP (rs851737064) across all breeds. The signal was most significant in Collies, German Shorthaired Pointers, and Great Danes. Subsequent focused analysis across these three breeds identified 12 significant additional putatively protective or deleterious SNPs. Notable significant SNPs included those occurring in genes involved in gastric tone and motility including VHL, NALCN, and PRKCZ. These data provide important new clues to canine GDV risk factors and facilitate generation of hypotheses regarding the genetic and molecular underpinnings this syndrome.

Hernia diafragmática gigante incarcerada postesofaguectomía (McKeown) con dilatación severa de la gastroplastia / Giant incarcerated diaphragmatic hernia post-esophagectomy (McKeown) with severe dilatation of gastric esophagoplasty

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Tratamiento laparoscópico de abdomen agudo por dilatación masiva gástrica / No disponible

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Laparoscopic treatment of acute abdomen due to a massive gastric dilatation.

We present the case of a 23-year-old female patient with a past medical history of achalasia and laparoscopic seromiotomy. She presented to the Emergency Department with an acute abdomen, characterized by abdominal pain, fever and diffuse tenderness on palpation.

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a child with acute gastric dilatation with refractory Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (SMAS) resulting from proximal partial small bowel obstruction is one of possible causes of acute gastric dilatation (AGD). A child with refractory demyelinating Guillain-Barré syndrome which received 5 times IVIG and consequently 5 times plasmapheresis intubated until 59th day of admission. Because of complicated treatment and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) nutrition was completely neglected which lead to severe SMAS because of weight loss. Gradual advancements of continuous enteral and parenteral nutrition improved patient's symptoms significantly. Hypophosphatemia complicated the weaning from ventilator which after nutrition therapy resolved and patient extubated. Present case is the first report of pediatric demyelinating GBS suspected to SMAS.

Transient distal renal tubular acidosis in a dog with gastric-dilatation-volvulus.

A case of distal renal tubular acidosis occurring as a transient complication in a 13-year-old female greyhound dog with gastric-dilatation-volvulus was diagnosed. The acute renal ischemia and inflammatory condition associated with this syndrome could be considered the main underlying mechanisms responsible for the acute, severe, and complicating renal tubular dysfunction.

Acidose tubulaire rénale distale transitoire chez un chien atteint de volvulus et de dilatation gastrique. Un cas d'acidose rénale distale se manifestant comme une complication transitoire chez une chienne Lévrier anglais âgée de 13 ans atteinte de dilatation gastrique-volvulus a été diagnostiqué. L'ischémie rénale aiguë et l'affection inflammatoire associées à ce syndrome pourrait être considérées comme les principaux mécanismes sous-jacents responsables de la dysfonction tubulaire rénale grave et complexe.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).

Fetal Primary Small Bowel Volvulus Associated with Acute Gastric Dilatation Detected by Ultrasonography.

Fetal intestinal volvulus is a rare condition, and fetal diagnosis of this disease is still challenging, especially in primary cases not accompanied by other comorbidities, such as intestinal malformations. Herein, we report a case of fetal primary small bowel volvulus associated with acute gastric dilatation detected by ultrasonography. We speculate that the mechanism of acute gastric dilatation in our case was peristatic malfunction of the whole intestine caused by a strangulated ileus resulting from fetal intestinal volvulus. In conclusion, acute gastric dilatation detected by fetal ultrasound can indicate the fetal intestinal volvulus.