Detection of canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV-2c) in Palestine.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of the present study was to report, for the first time, the presence of canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV-2c) in domesticated dogs with acute gastroenteritis and to characterize the antigenic variants circulating in Palestine. METHODOLOGY: A veterinary clinical-based epidemiological study was carried out between December 2022 and April 2023. Fifty fecal samples were collected from dogs with gastroenteritis and screened for CPV-2 infection by polymerase chain reaction. The distribution of positive cases according to various epidemiological factors was studied. Partial sequencing of the viral protein 2 (VP2) gene was performed for the analysis of CPV-2 variants. RESULTS: Most of the investigated samples (60%; n = 50) during the study period were found positive for CPV-2 infection. There was no difference in the distribution of positive cases of CPV-2 infection based on age group, gender, location, and vaccination status. The analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequences from amplified products, as well as phylogenetic analysis, revealed the presence of CPV-2c clustered with Asian CPV-2c variants. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, this study represents the initial genetic analysis of CPV-2 present in Palestinian dogs with gastroenteritis and provides evidence that confirms the existence of the CPV-2c variants. To determine the prevailing CPV-2 variant associated with the infection, it is crucial to conduct further sequence analysis using large populations of both domestic and wild canines.

Porcine kobuvirus enhances porcine epidemic diarrhea virus pathogenicity and alters the number of intestinal lymphocytes in piglets.

Recent epidemiological studies have discovered that a lot of cases of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection are frequently accompanied by porcine kobuvirus (PKV) infection, suggesting a potential relationship between the two viruses in the development of diarrhea. To investigate the impact of PKV on PEDV pathogenicity and the number of intestinal lymphocytes, piglets were infected with PKV or PEDV or co-infected with both viruses. Our findings demonstrate that co-infected piglets exhibit more severe symptoms, acute gastroenteritis, and higher PEDV replication compared to those infected with PEDV alone. Notably, PKV alone does not cause significant intestinal damage but enhances PEDV's pathogenicity and alters the number of intestinal lymphocytes. These results underscore the complexity of viral interactions in swine diseases and highlight the need for comprehensive diagnostic and treatment strategies addressing co-infections.

Emerging Variants of Canine Enteric Coronavirus Associated with Outbreaks of Gastroenteric Disease.

A 2022 canine gastroenteritis outbreak in the United Kingdom was associated with circulation of a new canine enteric coronavirus closely related to a 2020 variant with an additional spike gene recombination. The variants are unrelated to canine enteric coronavirus-like viruses associated with human disease but represent a model for coronavirus population adaptation.

Human transmission and outbreaks of feline-like G6 rotavirus revealed with whole-genome analysis of G6P[9] feline rotavirus.

Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are generally highly species-specific; however, some strains infect across species. Feline RVAs sporadically infect humans, causing gastroenteritis. In 2012 and 2013, rectal swab samples were collected from 61 asymptomatic shelter cats at a public health center in Mie Prefecture, Japan, to investigate the presence of RVA and any association with human infections. The analysis identified G6P[9] strains in three cats and G3P[9] strains in two cats, although no feline RVA sequence data were available for the former. A whole-genome analysis of these G6P[9] strains identified the genotype constellation G6-P[9]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T3-E3-H3. The nucleotide identity among these G6P[9] strains exceeded 99.5% across all 11 gene segments, indicating the circulation of this G6P[9] strain among cats. Notably, strain RVA/Human-wt/JPN/KF17/2010/G6P[9], previously detected in a 3-year-old child with gastroenteritis, shares high nucleotide identity (>98%) with Mie20120017f, the representative G6P[9] strain in this study, across all 11 gene segments, confirming feline RVA infection and symptomatic presentation in this child. The VP7 gene of strain Mie20120017f also shares high nucleotide identity with other sporadically reported G6 RVA strains in humans. This suggests that feline-origin G6 strains as the probable source of these sporadic G6 RVA strains causing gastroenteritis in humans globally. Moreover, a feline-like human G6P[8] strain circulating in Brazil in 2022 was identified, emphasizing the importance of ongoing surveillance to monitor potential global human outbreaks of RVA.

Production of OSU G5P[7] Porcine Rotavirus Expressing a Fluorescent Reporter via Reverse Genetics.

Rotaviruses are a significant cause of severe, potentially life-threatening gastroenteritis in infants and the young of many economically important animals. Although vaccines against porcine rotavirus exist, both live oral and inactivated, their effectiveness in preventing gastroenteritis is less than ideal. Thus, there is a need for the development of new generations of porcine rotavirus vaccines. The Ohio State University (OSU) rotavirus strain represents a Rotavirus A species with a G5P[7] genotype, the genotype most frequently associated with rotavirus disease in piglets. Using complete genome sequences that were determined via Nanopore sequencing, we developed a robust reverse genetics system enabling the recovery of recombinant (r)OSU rotavirus. Although rOSU grew to high titers (~107 plaque-forming units/mL), its growth kinetics were modestly decreased in comparison to the laboratory-adapted OSU virus. The reverse genetics system was used to generate the rOSU rotavirus, which served as an expression vector for a foreign protein. Specifically, by engineering a fused NSP3-2A-UnaG open reading frame into the segment 7 RNA, we produced a genetically stable rOSU virus that expressed the fluorescent UnaG protein as a functional separate product. Together, these findings raise the possibility of producing improved live oral porcine rotavirus vaccines through reverse-genetics-based modification or combination porcine rotavirus vaccines that can express neutralizing antigens for other porcine enteric diseases.

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) serological and molecular patterns in dogs with viral gastroenteritis from southern Brazil.

Canine Parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a highly contagious virus that can cause severe systemic disease with gastroenteric symptoms in dogs, particularly in young puppies. Originating from the feline parvovirus in the late 1970s, it swiftly propagated globally, instigating a pandemic in dogs. Despite vaccination advancements, CPV-2 remains a substantial challenge for veterinary professionals and pet owners. This study aimed to contribute knowledge about the current situation of CPV-2 among dogs in southern Brazil. In this study, the sera of 125 dogs (mostly with gastroenteritis symptoms) were screened for antibodies against CPV-2 and their faeces for the virus itself. The results showed that 40% (50/125) of dogs were infected with CPV-2. Most animals (65.5%) had previously been exposed to CPV-2 (with serotitres equal or above 1:40), and only 37.6% had protective antibody titres equal or above 1:80. The findings have also demonstrated that vaccination against CPV-2 significantly reduced the risk of infection, with positive cases decreasing from 56.9% (unvaccinated) to 2.0% (fully vaccinated). Furthermore, the prevalence of CPV-2 decreased as dogs aged, with younger dogs and those with an incomplete or non-existent vaccination history at the highest risk of infection. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insight into the prevalence and risk factors associated with CPV-2 infection in dogs in southern Brazil, thereby providing valuable knowledge for the improvement of veterinary care and pet health.

Identifying hydric, electrolytic and acid-base imbalances through traditional and quantitative approaches in dogs with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis / Identificação de desequilíbrios hídricos, eletrolíticos e ácido-base pelas abordagens tradicional e quantitativa em cães com gastroenterite hemorrágica

Vomiting and diarrhea are two important clinical signs that can cause significant electrolytic and acid-base imbalances. The purposes of this study were to characterize hydric, electrolytic and acid-base disorders presented by puppies with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and to compare the traditional and quantitative approaches to acid-base status interpretation. Sixty-one animals with a history of vomiting and/or diarrhea were used in this study and the following tests were performed: complete blood count, total plasma protein concentration and hemogasometry. Mean, standard deviation and Kappa values were calculated. The imbalances characterized by both approaches were: 42 (69%) animals without imbalance, 17 (28%) with metabolic alkalosis and 2 (3%) with metabolic acidosis by the traditional approach and 17 (28%) dogs without imbalance, 26 (43%) with metabolic alkalosis and 18 (29%) with metabolic acidosis by the quantitative approach. The agreement calculated between two approaches coincide in 28 cases, with a moderate Kappa value equivalent to 0.459. The most found imbalances were metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, and mild dehydration. Most of acid-base disturbances were not identified by the traditional approach, whereas by the quantitative approach, they were easily determined. Thus quantitative approach proved to be superior in identification of possible acid-base imbalances.(AU)

Vômito e diarreia são dois sinais clínicos importantes, que podem causar desequilíbrios eletrolíticos e ácido-base importantes. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar os desequilíbrios hídrico, eletrolítico e ácido-base apresentados por filhotes de cães com gastroenterite hemorrágica e comparar as abordagens de interpretação do equilíbrio ácido-base tradicional e quantitativa. Sessenta e um animais com histórico de vômito e/ou diarreia foram utilizados neste estudo, e os seguintes testes foram realizados: hemograma, concentração de proteína total plasmática e hemogasometria. Média, desvio-padrão e valor de Kappa foram calculados. Os desequilíbrios caracterizados pelas duas abordagens foram: 42 (69%) animais sem desequilíbrio, 17 (28%) com alcalose metabólica e dois (3%) com acidose metabólica, pela abordagem tradicional, e 17 (28%) cães sem desequilíbrio, 26 (43%) com alcalose metabólica e 18 (29%) com acidose metabólica, pela abordagem quantitativa. A concordância calculada entre as duas abordagens coincidiu em 28 casos, com um valor de Kappa moderado, equivalente a 0,459. Os desequilíbrios mais encontrados foram alcalose metabólica, hipocalemia e desidratação leve. A maioria dos distúrbios não foram identificados pela abordagem tradicional, enquanto, pela abordagem quantitativa, foram facilmente determinados. Portanto, a abordagem quantitativa provou-se superior na identificação de possíveis desequilíbrios ácido-base.(AU)

A common Salmonella Enteritidis sequence type from poultry and human gastroenteritis in Ibagué, Colombia / Un tipo de secuencia común de Salmonella Enteritidis de origen aviar y de humano con gastroenteritis en Ibagué, Colombia

Abstract Introduction: Salmonella Enteritidis is a major cause of human salmonellosis in the world, with contaminated eggs and raw chicken meat as the main routes of infection. The main Salmonella spp. serovars circulating in laying hen farms, the surface of eggs, and in raw chicken carcasses have been identified in Ibagué, Colombia. However, it is unknown whether those serovars are responsible for human gastroenteritis. Objective: To evaluate the genetic relationship between gastroenteritis and Salmonella Enteritidis isolates from poultry and humans using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Materials and methods: Salmonella spp. was isolated from clinical cases of gastroenteritis (n=110). Antibiotic susceptibility tests, followed by serotyping and MLST were conducted and S. Enteritidis was compared to those from laying hen farms and marketed eggs. Results: Ten isolates of Salmonella spp. were obtained from the stools of people with gastroenteritis. The prevalence of Salmonella spp. in human stools was 9.09%, and S. Enteritidis (n=4), S. Typhymurium (n=2), S. Newport (n=1), S. Uganda (n=1), S. Grupensis (n=1), and S. Braenderup (n=1) were the main serotypes. MLST indicated that a common S. Enteritidis sequence type (ST11) was present in all three sources and showed the same antibiotic resistance pattern. Conclusion: Salmonella Enteritidis ST11 constitutes a link between consumption and manipulation of contaminated eggs and human gastroenteritis in Ibagué. Additional studies would be required to establish if other Salmonella serovars isolated from raw chicken meat are also associated with human gastroenteritis.

Resumen Introducción. Salmonella Enteritidis es una de las mayores causas de salmonelosis en el mundo; los huevos contaminados y la carne de pollo cruda son sus principales fuentes de infección. En Ibagué, Colombia, se han identificado los principales serovares que circulan en granjas, superficies de huevos y canales de pollo, pero se desconoce si esos serovares son responsables de la gastroenteritis. Objetivo. Evaluar la relación genética entre los aislamientos de Salmonella Enteritidis de aves de corral y de humanos con la gastroenteritis mediante tipificación de multiloci de secuencias (Multilocus Sequence Typing, MLST). Materiales y métodos. Se aisló Salmonella spp. de casos clínicos de gastroenteritis (n=110). Se hizo la prueba de sensibilidad antibiótica, así como la serotipificación y la tipificación mediante MLST, y se comparó S. Enteritidis de humanos con la hallada en granjas de gallinas ponedoras y en huevo comercializado (n=6). Resultados. Se aislaron 10 cepas de Salmonella spp. a partir de heces de humanos con gastroenteritis. Se obtuvo una prevalencia de Salmonella spp. de 9,09%, y se identificaron los serotipos S. Enteritidis (n=4), S. Typhymurium (n=2), S. Newport (n=1), S. Grupensis (n=1), S. Uganda (n=1) y S. Braenderup presentes en pacientes con gastroenteritis. Mediante la MLST, se comprobó que un tipo de secuencia común (ST11) de S. Enteritidis estuvo presente en todas las tres fuentes y presentó el mismo patrón de resistencia antibiótica. Conclusión. Salmonella Enteritidis ST11 constituye un vínculo entre el consumo y la manipulación de huevos contaminados, y la gastroenteritis en humanos en Ibagué. Se requieren estudios complementarios para conocer si otros serovares de Salmonella aislados de carne de pollo cruda también se asocian con la gastroenteritis en humanos.

Detection and genetic characterization of Mamastrovirus 5 from Brazilian dogs

Abstract Mamastrovirus 5 (MAstV5), belonging to the Astroviridae (AstV) family, previously known as canine astrovirus or astrovirus-like particles, has been reported in several countries to be associated with viral enteric disease in dogs since the 1980s. Astroviruses have been detected in fecal samples from a wide variety of mammals and birds that are associated with gastroenteritis and extra enteric manifestations. In the present study, RT-PCR was used to investigate the presence of MAstV5 in 269 dog fecal samples. MAstV5 was detected in 26% (71/269) of the samples. Interestingly, all MAstV5-positive samples derived from dogs displaying clinical signs suggestive of gastroenteritis, other enteric viruses were simultaneously detected (canine parvovirus, canine distemper virus, canine coronavirus, canine adenovirus and canine rotavirus). Based on genomic sequence analysis of MAstV5 a novel classification of the species into four genotypes, MAstV5a-MAstV5d, is proposed. Phylogenetic analyses based on the ORF2 amino acid sequences, samples described herein grouped into the putative genotype 'a' closed related with Chinese samples. Other studies are required to attempt the clinical and antigenic implications of these astrovirus genotypes in dogs.

Identification of co-infection by rotavirus and parvovirus in dogs with gastroenteritis in Mexico

ABSTRACT This is the first report on circulating canine rotavirus in Mexico. Fifty samples from dogs with gastroenteritis were analyzed used polymerase chain reaction and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in order to identify parvovirus and rotavirus, respectively; 7% of dogs were infected with rotavirus exclusively, while 14% were co-infected with both rotavirus and parvovirus; clinical signs in co-infected dogs were more severe.

Group A rotavirus gastroenteritis: post-vaccine era, genotypes and zoonotic transmission / Gastroenterite por rotavírus do grupo A: era pós-vacinal, genótipos e transmissão zoonótica

ABSTRACT This article provides a review of immunity, diagnosis, and clinical aspects of rotavirus disease. It also informs about the changes in epidemiology of diarrheal disease and genetic diversity of circulating group A rotavirus strains following the introduction of vaccines. Group A rotavirus is the major pathogen causing gastroenteritis in animals. Its segmented RNA genome can lead to the emergence of new or unusual strains in human populations via interspecies transmission and/or reassortment events.

RESUMO Este artigo fornece uma revisão sobre imunidade, diagnóstico e aspectos clínicos da doença causada por rotavírus. Também aponta as principais mudanças no perfil epidemiológico da doença diarreica e na diversidade genética das cepas circulantes de rotavírus do grupo A, após a introdução vacinal. O rotavírus do grupo A é o principal patógeno associado à gastroenterite em animais. Seu genoma RNA segmentado pode levar ao surgimento de cepas novas ou incomuns na população humana, por meio de transmissão entre espécies e eventos de rearranjo.

Spontaneous poisoning by Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) in cattle / Intoxicação espontânea por Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) em bovinos

The aim of this study is to report cases of spontaneous poisoning of cattle by Ricinus communis (castor beans) in Paraíba, a semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. The cases were observed in 2 herds on neighboring properties in 2013. Clinical signs developed within 6-24 h and consisted of weakness, tachycardia, dyspnea, profuse watery diarrhea, dehydration, depression, instability, cramps, permanent lateral recumbency and death within 48-72 h. Of the 60 cattle at risk, 19 were affected and 14 died. Five fully recovered after the course of 12 days. Three animals were necropsied. The main gross lesions were hemopericardium, hemothorax, pulmonary edema, petechial hemorrhages in the epicardium and endocardium, ecchymoses at the papillary muscles and suffusions on the intercostal muscles. Hemorrhages were also observed in the abdominal cavity, spleen and mucosa of the abomasum and small intestine. The rumen content was liquid with a large amount of castor bean seeds. There were circular, whitish and focally diffuse areas in the liver parenchyma. The main microscopic lesions consisted of multifocal coagulative myocardial necrosis with the presence of mononuclear cell infiltration and varying degrees of bleeding between cardiac muscle fibers. The abomasum and small intestine mucosae and submucosa had mild edema and mononuclear and polymorphonuclear inflammatory cell infiltration. The diagnosis of R. communis was based on the history of plant consumption, clinical signs, pathology of the disease and the presence of large amounts of castor bean seeds in the forestomachs...

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar casos de intoxicação espontânea em bovinos por Ricinus communis (mamona) na Paraíba, região semi-árida do nordeste do Brasil. Os casos foram observados em dois rebanhos de propriedades vizinhas no ano de 2013. Os primeiros sinais clínicos se desenvolveram dentro de 6-24 h e consistiam em fraqueza, taquicardia, dispnéia, diarréia aquosa profusa, desidratação, depressão, instabilidade, cólicas, decúbito lateral permanente e morte em 48-72h. Dos 60 bovinos sob risco, 19 foram afetados e 14 morreram. Cinco bovinos se recuperaram totalmente após um período de 12 dias. Três bovinos foram necropsiados. As principais lesões macroscópicas foram hemopericárdio, hemotórax, edema pulmonar, petéquias no epicárdio e endocárdio, equimoses nos músculos papilares e sufusões nos os músculos intercostais. Hemorragias também foram observadas na cavidade abdominal, baço e na mucosa do abomaso e intestino delgado. O conteúdo ruminal estava líquido, e continha grande quantidade de sementes de R. communis. No parênquima hepático havia áreas circulares, esbranquiçadas e distribuídas focalmente. As principais lesões microscópicas consistiam em necrose miocárdica coagulativa multifocal com a presença de infiltrado de células mononucleares e graus variados de hemorragias entre as fibras musculares cardíacas. O abomaso e a mucosa e submucosa do intestino delgado apresentavam edema discreto e infiltrado de células inflamatórias mononucleares e polimorfonucleares. O diagnóstico da intoxciação por R. communis foi baseado na história de consumo de planta, sinais clínicos, patologia da doença e pela presença de grandes quantidades de sementes de R. communis no sistema digestório dos bovinos...

Diagnosis of an outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. / Diagnosis of an outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

Adult chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) that had suddenly died in a commercial farm located in La Plata City, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, in July 2012 were macroscopically, histopathologically, and microbiologically examined. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) was isolated from the liver, spleen, heart, lungs, kidneys and intestines from each of the five animals evaluated. The five strains were susceptible to ampicillin, cephalotin, cefotaxime, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and resistant to tetracycline. Each of the five S. Typhimurium isolates was analyzed by XbaI- pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), showing an identical electrophoretic profile with 15 defined bands, which was found to be identical to pattern ARJPXX01.0220 of the PulseNet Argentine National database of Salmonella PFGE patterns. This is the first work describing the postmortem diagnosis of an outbreak of salmonellosis in chinchillas by using molecular methods such as PFGE.

Detecção de rotavírus em um cão doméstico na cidade de Manaus-AM / Rotavirus detection in a domestic dog in the City of Manaus-AM

Os rotavírus do grupo A, são frequentemente associados com gastroenterites em mamíferos e aves. O objetivo deste trabalho foi detectar a presença de rotavírus em fezes de cães sintomáticos e assintomáticos para diarréia aguda. Foram coletadas 32 amostras de fezes de cães. Todas as amostras foram submetidas à extração do RNA viral seguida da Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida (EGPA), onde se identificou apenas 1 (um) caso de infecção por rotavírus, em amostra assintomática. A análise do eletroferótipo mostrou um perfil 4:2:3:2 longo, e a homologia dos eletroferótipos de rotavírus humano e canino foi muito alta, sugerindo uma possível infecção interespécie.

The group A rotaviruses are frequently associated with gastroenteritis in mammals and birds. The objective of this study was to detect the presence of rotavirus in feces of symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs for acute diarrhea. 32 samples of dog feces were collected. All the samples were submitted to viral RNA extraction followed by electrophoresis in poliacrylamide gels (PAGE), where only one case of rotavirus infection in one asymptomatic sample was found. The electrophoretic analysis showed 4:2:3:2 long profile, and the homology between human and dog rotaviruses was very high. This suggests a possible interspecies infection.

Avaliação do efeito da suplementação terapêutica com probiótico em cães filhotes com gastrenterite hemorrágica / Evaluation of the therapeutic supplementation with commercial powder probiótic to puppies with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis

A gastrenterite hemorrágica (GHE) é uma afecção comum em filhotes de cães, e motivo freqüente de internação e mortalidade. Considerando que probióticos têm sido apontados como benéficos no tratamento destes pacientes, avaliamos o impacto da inclusão de probiótico á base de Lactobacillus acidophillus em 100 filhotes de cães com GHE, distribuídos em dois grupos de 50 indivíduos. Os cães do grupo 1 (G1), além da terapia indicada para GEH, constituída de fluido e antibiótico terapia e antiemético, receberam, por via oral, probiótico. Para os animais do grupo 2 (G2) foi adotada apenas a terapêutica convencional. Foram quantificadas as partículas virais nas fezes, pela hemaglutinação (HA) e os anticorpos (Ac) anti-parvovírus por inibição da hemaglutinação. Foram registradas a duração da internação e a tolerância dos animais ao probiótico. A excreção viral nas fezes pelos animais de ambos os grupos foi semelhante no momento da internação (P=0,746) e da alta hospitalar (P=0,294). Entretanto, no G1 a excreção foi significativamente menor no momento da alta (p<0,001). O período de internamento variou de um a 15 dias no G1 e de um a 10 dias no G2 (P=0,70). A taxa de mortalidade no G1 foi de 37,50 (18/48) e de 26 (13/50) no G2 (P=0,49). A aceitação do probiótico variou de regular a ótima em 95 das administrações, porém, os animais que foram a óbito demonstraram intolerância. Com estas observações não foi estabelecida relação entre a administração de probiótico e recuperação da doença, abreviação do período de internação ou ao aumento da resposta humoral. Porém, a suplementação reduziu a excreção fecal de vírus, o que é benéfico quando se considera a menor disseminação do vírus no ambiente

Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (GHE) is a common motivation to hospitalization and mortality betweenpuppies. Considering the beneficial effects of probiotics in the treatment of some gastrointestinal disorders,we evaluated the usefulness of the probiotic product in 100 puppies hospitalized because GHE. Fifthdogs were treated by intravenous fluid, antiemetic, antibiotics and probiotic product (G1), and the other50 only by supportive and symptomatic therapy (G2). We accessed the titters of anticorpus anti-parvovirusby HI, fecal excretion of virus by HA and registered the duration of internation period and tolerance toprobiotic ingestion. The titters of HI were similar between G1 and G2 in the samples from entrance (P =0,553) and at the hospital discharge (P = 0,844), moreover arises during hospitalization in booth groups(P < 0,001). The fecal excretion of virus of G1 and G2 were similar in booth moments (P = 0,746 and P =0,294, respectively) furthermore the G1 showed lowest fecal titters of virus at hospital discharge (P <0,001). The internation period in the G1 variates one to 15 days and one to 10 days in the G2 group,without statistical difference between the groups (P = 0,70). The rate of mortality in the G1 was 37,50%(18/48) and 26% (13/50) in the G2, lacking statistical significance (P = 0,49). Probiotic tolerance wasregular to excellent in 95% of the administrations, furthermore the animals that died demonstrate intolerance.These observation permits no established a relationship between the administration of Lactobacilusacidophillus based probiotic and shortening treatment duration, improved in the disease evolution oranticorpus production, likewise showed positive influence over fecal excretion of virus. Considering theparvovirosis, this is a desirable factor to decrease dissemination of the disease between susceptiblepopulation

Use of mannanoligosacharides as an adjuvant treatment for gastrointestinal diseases and this effects on E. coli inactivated in dogs

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of mannanoligosacharides on dogs showing gastroenteritis. METHODS: Sixteen dogs, 2-6 month-old, distributed into two groups: T1 - animals with gastroenteritis receiving treatment for the disease + mannanoligosacharides (2 g/animal).; and T2 - animals with gastroenteritis receiving just treatment for the disease. The animals were randomly included in the sample and all of them were submitted to blood and feces collection for coproculture. In the treatment for gastroenteritis antibiotic, antihemetic, vermifuge, vitamins and sorotheraphy were used. The parameters evaluated were the numbers of leucocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes and the presence of enteropathogenic bacteria in feces. RESULTS: The mannanoligosacharides was effective in eliminating pathogenic E. coli in 85.71 percent of the animals, while in the no-treated group only 25 percent of the animals were negative to E. coli. CONCLUSION: The mannanoligosacharides is effective in the control of pathogenic E. coli and it can be indicated as an adjuvant treatment for gastroenteritis in dogs.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da adição de mananoligossacarídeos fosforilados (MOS) que apresentavam gastroenterite , pacientes de uma Clínica Veterinária. MÉTODOS: foram estudados 16 cães de 2 a 6 meses de idade, de várias raças. Os animais foram distribuídos em 2 grupos, sendo o grupo T1 composto por animais com gastroenterite, que receberam o tratamento para a doença e Mos (2,0 g/animal) e o grupo T2, animais com gastroenterite, que somente receberam o tratamento para a doença sem o MOS. Os animais foram incluídos aleatoriamente na amostra e todos eles foram submetidos à coleta de sangue e de fezes para coprocultura.O tratamento para a gastroenterite constituiu-se de antibiótico,antiemético,vermífugo,vitaminas e soroterapia. No experimento, foram avaliados os leucócitos, neutrófilos, linfócitos e a presença de bactérias enteropatogênicas nas fezes. RESULTADOS: Constatou-se a efetividade do Mos no grupo tratado, quando houve a eliminação da Escherichia coli patogênica em 85,71 por cento dos animais,enquanto que, no grupo sem o Mos, só 25 por cento, não apresentaram o microorganismo. CONCLUSÃO: O Mos é efetivo no controle da E. coli patogênica, sendo indicado como tratamento adjuvante nas gastroenterites.

Variaçöes dos níveis séricos de sódio, potássio e glicose de cäes em choque séptico / Sodium, potassium and glucose serum levels changes in dogs with endotoxic shock

Foram avaliados os níveis séricos de sódio, potássio e glicose em trinta e cinco cäes, machos e fêmeas, que se apresentaram em estado de choque séptico decorrente da gastrenterite hemorrágica, antes e após terapia sintomática (Ringer com lactato de sódio e glicose), com a finalidade de se derterminar a melhora clínica obtida. Observou-se que 74,2 por cento dos animais apresentavam hipocalemia, 57,1 por cento hipoglicemia e 60 por cento discreta hiponatremia, quando da primeira colheita. Após 2 horas da instituiçäo da terapia sintomática, observou-se que a hipopotassemia ainda persistia, porém a hipoglicemia fora suficientemente corrigida (apenas 5,8 por cento mantiveram-se hipoglicêmicos). Conclui-se que a terapia sintomática é efetiva para a correçäo dos valores glicêmicos, porém näo é capaz de repor a deficiência de potássio apresentada por estes animais, devendo ser entäo acrescida deste íon.

Un caso de pseudomiasis por larvas de Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) en un bovino / A case of bovine pseudomyasis caused by Hermetia illucens larvae (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

Introducción. Hermetia illucens es un díptero que puede producir pseudomiasis gastroentérica en los humanos y los animales domésticos. Las larvas se desarrollan en una gran variedad de material vegetal y animal en descomposición, y en ocasiones son ingeridas accidentalmente por los animales. H. illucens presenta una distribución mundial; sin embargo, en el sureste mexicano no ha sido reportado como causa de problemas en los animales domésticos. Caso clínico. Se presentó un caso de pseudomiasis gástrica de un bovino macho de la raza Simmental de un año de edad, procedente del municipio de Sucilá, Yucatán, México. El animal presentó timpanismo crónico por 13 días, hasta que se realizó la necropsia y se encontró en el rumen 20 larvas de H. illucens de cuarto estadio. La mucosa ruminal presentó macroscópicamente inflamación y hemorragias. Discusión. Aunque esta especie es de distribución mundial, son pocos los casos donde se reporta como causante de pesudomiasisien el hombre y los animales. En los humanos y en el hombre, H. illucens puede causar accidentalmente pseudomiasis gastrointestinal que en ocasiones produce lesiones patológicas importantes

Incidencia de los rotavirus en estabelecimientos avícolas de producción intensiva / Incidence of rotavirus in intensive production poultry farms

Los rotavirus están ampliamente distribuídos en la naturaleza, provocando cuadros severos de enteritis, en varias especies de mamíferos inclusive el hombre. También se los puede aislar en heces de aves domésticas y salvajes. En el presente estudio se estableció la prevalencia de estos virus en establecimientos avícolas de producción intensiva durante el período 1987-1989. Para ello se analizaron 589 muestras de materia fecal de pollos parrilleros y gallinas ponedoras de diferentes edades, provenientes de 17 establecimientos ubicados en el área de influencia de la Universidad Nacional de Luján. La metodología empleada para la detección y confirmación de los rotavirus fue el análisis de los patrones de migración de sus ARN mediante la técnica de electroforesis en geles de poliacrilamida. Los resultados demostraron que la infección se mantiene en niveles moderados (7,06%) en 1987; 7,45% en 1988 y 12,57% en 1989), indicando, además su permanecia en los establecimientos analizados a lo largo del tiempo. Estos estudios demuestran la importancia de controlar el estado sanitario del establecimiento en lo referente a la infección por rotavirus, antes, durante y después de cada renovación de los lotes de animales, evitando así la recontaminación de dicha infección (AU)