Ação trófica de aditivos fitogênicos, glutamina e ácido glutâmico sobre a Bursa de Fabrícius e intestino delgado de frangos de corte / Trophic action of phytogenic additives, glutamine and glutamic acid on Bursa Fabricii and small intestine of broilers

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of phytogenic additives and glutamine plus glutamic acid, associated or not, on histomorphometry of bursa of Fabricius and small intestine, oocyst count and lesion scores, and carbon turnover of duodenal mucosa of broiler chickens infected with Eimeria acervulina. A total of 450 male broiler chickens was distributed into a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications. Treatments consisted of control diet (CD); CD + coccidiosis vaccine; CD + antibiotic performance enhancers and anticoccidial (APE/AC); CD + glutamine and glutamic acid (Gln/Glu); CD + phytogenic additives (PA); CD + Gln/Glu + PA. Birds on treatment CD + vaccine were vaccinated via drinking water at three days of age against coccidiosis. At 16 days of age all birds of all treatments were inoculated orally and individually with 500,000 oocysts of Eimeria acervulina. There was no treatment effect on lesion score in the intestinal epithelium of birds. The smaller number of excreted oocysts was observed in groups of birds fed diets containing APE/AC and PA. Were observed better results of villus height and crypt depth for duodenum and ileum of birds of treatments containing Gln/Glu at 7 days of age, and Gln/Glu and PA at 21 days of age. Higher percentage of cortical area from bursa follicles was observed in birds fed diets supplemented with Gln/Glu and PA at 7, 14 and 21 days of age. Increased turnover of intestinal mucosa was observed in treatments containing Gln/Glu, indicating acceleration in development and regeneration of damaged tissue. Glutamine plus glutamic acid and phytogenic additives can provide improvements to structure, and thus to intestinal function, as well as to better immune response against the infectious challenges. Phytogenic additives can be used for coccidiosis control of broiler chickens where the use of antibiotic performance enhancers and anticoccidials is prohibited...

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito dos aditivos fitogênicos e da glutamina mais ácido glutâmico, associados ou não, sobre a histomorfometria da Bursa de Fabricius e intestino delgado, sobre contagem de oocistos e escores de lesão e sobre o turnover do carbono da mucosa intestinal de frangos de corte experimentalmente infectadas com Eimeria acervulina. Para isso foram utilizados 450 pintos de corte machos distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualisado, com seis tratamentos e três repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de dieta controle (DC); DC + Vacina de coccidiose; DC + antibióticos melhoradores de desempenho e anticoccidiano (AMD/AC); DC + glutamina e ácido glutâmico (Gln/Glu); DC + sditivos fitogênicos (AFs); DC + Gln/Glu + AFs. As aves do tratamento DC + Vacina foram vacinadas via água de bebida, aos três dias de idade, contra coccidiose. Aos 16 dias de idade todas as aves de todos os tratamentos foram inoculadas oralmente e individualmente com 500.000 oocistos de Eimeria acervulina. Não houve efeito dos tratamentos para escore de lesão no epitélio intestinal das aves. O menor número de oocistos excretados foi observado nos grupos de aves alimentadas com dieta contendo AMD/AC e AFs. Foram observados melhores resultados para altura das vilosidades e profundidade das criptas do duodeno e ílio das aves dos tratamentos contendo Gln/Glu, aos 7 dias de idade e Gln/Glu e AFs aos 21 dias de idade. Maior porcentagem de área cortical dos folículos bursais foi observada em aves alimentadas com dieta suplementada com Gln/Glu e AFs aos 7, 14 e 21 dias de idade. Maior turnover da mucosa intestinal foi observada em aves dos tratamentos contendo Gln/Glu, indicando aceleração do desenvolvimento e regeneração do tecido lesado. Glutamina mais ácido glutâmico e aditivos fitogênicos podem oferecer melhorias à estrutura e, consequentemente, à função do intestino, bem como melhores condições para resposta imune frente à desafios infecciosos...

Ação trófica de aditivos fitogênicos, glutamina e ácido glutâmico sobre a Bursa de Fabrícius e intestino delgado de frangos de corte / Trophic action of phytogenic additives, glutamine and glutamic acid on Bursa Fabricii and small intestine of broilers

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of phytogenic additives and glutamine plus glutamic acid, associated or not, on histomorphometry of bursa of Fabricius and small intestine, oocyst count and lesion scores, and carbon turnover of duodenal mucosa of broiler chickens infected with Eimeria acervulina. A total of 450 male broiler chickens was distributed into a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications. Treatments consisted of control diet (CD); CD + coccidiosis vaccine; CD + antibiotic performance enhancers and anticoccidial (APE/AC); CD + glutamine and glutamic acid (Gln/Glu); CD + phytogenic additives (PA); CD + Gln/Glu + PA. Birds on treatment CD + vaccine were vaccinated via drinking water at three days of age against coccidiosis. At 16 days of age all birds of all treatments were inoculated orally and individually with 500,000 oocysts of Eimeria acervulina. There was no treatment effect on lesion score in the intestinal epithelium of birds. The smaller number of excreted oocysts was observed in groups of birds fed diets containing APE/AC and PA. Were observed better results of villus height and crypt depth for duodenum and ileum of birds of treatments containing Gln/Glu at 7 days of age, and Gln/Glu and PA at 21 days of age. Higher percentage of cortical area from bursa follicles was observed in birds fed diets supplemented with Gln/Glu and PA at 7, 14 and 21 days of age. Increased turnover of intestinal mucosa was observed in treatments containing Gln/Glu, indicating acceleration in development and regeneration of damaged tissue. Glutamine plus glutamic acid and phytogenic additives can provide improvements to structure, and thus to intestinal function, as well as to better immune response against the infectious challenges. Phytogenic additives can be used for coccidiosis control of broiler chickens where the use of antibiotic performance enhancers and anticoccidials is prohibited.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito dos aditivos fitogênicos e da glutamina mais ácido glutâmico, associados ou não, sobre a histomorfometria da Bursa de Fabricius e intestino delgado, sobre contagem de oocistos e escores de lesão e sobre o turnover do carbono da mucosa intestinal de frangos de corte experimentalmente infectadas com Eimeria acervulina. Para isso foram utilizados 450 pintos de corte machos distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualisado, com seis tratamentos e três repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de dieta controle (DC); DC + Vacina de coccidiose; DC + antibióticos melhoradores de desempenho e anticoccidiano (AMD/AC); DC + glutamina e ácido glutâmico (Gln/Glu); DC + sditivos fitogênicos (AFs); DC + Gln/Glu + AFs. As aves do tratamento DC + Vacina foram vacinadas via água de bebida, aos três dias de idade, contra coccidiose. Aos 16 dias de idade todas as aves de todos os tratamentos foram inoculadas oralmente e individualmente com 500.000 oocistos de Eimeria acervulina. Não houve efeito dos tratamentos para escore de lesão no epitélio intestinal das aves. O menor número de oocistos excretados foi observado nos grupos de aves alimentadas com dieta contendo AMD/AC e AFs. Foram observados melhores resultados para altura das vilosidades e profundidade das criptas do duodeno e ílio das aves dos tratamentos contendo Gln/Glu, aos 7 dias de idade e Gln/Glu e AFs aos 21 dias de idade. Maior porcentagem de área cortical dos folículos bursais foi observada em aves alimentadas com dieta suplementada com Gln/Glu e AFs aos 7, 14 e 21 dias de idade. Maior turnover da mucosa intestinal foi observada em aves dos tratamentos contendo Gln/Glu, indicando aceleração do desenvolvimento e regeneração do tecido lesado. Glutamina mais ácido glutâmico e aditivos fitogênicos podem oferecer melhorias à estrutura e, consequentemente, à função do intestino, bem como melhores condições para resposta imune frente à desafios infecciosos...(AU)

Efficacy of chemomechanical caries removal in reducing cariogenic microbiota: a randomized clinical trial.

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of chemochemical methods (Carisolv™ and Papacárie®) versus the manual method (excavators) in reducing the cariogenic microbiota in dentine caries of primary teeth. Forty-six healthy children (5 to 9 years old) having at least one primary tooth with a cavitated dentine carious lesion were included in the study. The teeth presented no clinical or radiographic signs of pulpal involvement. The sample of 74 teeth was randomly divided into three different groups: Papacárie® (n = 25), Carisolv™ (n = 27) and Manual (n = 22). Samples of carious and sound dentine were collected with sterile excavators before and after caries removal in the three groups. The dentine samples were transferred to glass tubes containing a 1mL thioglycollate medium used as a carrier and enriched for microbiological detection of mutans streptococci and Lactobacillus spp, after incubation for 6h at room temperature. The minimum detection value for colony forming units (CFU) was 3.3 x 102 CFU/ml, and the results were converted into scores from 0 to 4. A significant difference was observed in relation to the microbiological scores before and after caries removal for all methods (Wilcoxon test; p < 0.001). The use of chemomechanical methods for caries removal did not improve the reduction of cariogenic microorganisms in dentine caries lesions, in comparison with manual excavation.

Glutamate and post-traumatic cerebral excitoxicity as possible therapeutic targets ? A literature review / Glutamato e excitotoxicidade cerebral pós-traumática como possíveis alvos terapêuticos ? Revisão da literatura

Cerebral edema and excitoxicity are well known phenomena and are reported in multiple pathological contexts. Despite that, regarding traumatic brain injury, significant events in incidence and potential clinical consequences, little is known about the actual promoting and modulating processes of cerebral damage, namely in relation to glutamate, the main excitatory endogenous neurotransmitter of the central nervous system. Based on current concepts on neuropathology and cerebral regulation, a thorough review is made on the glutamatergic regulation system, its role and mechanisms of action in a secondary response to TBI, namely in cortex and hippocampus, sensible areas to acute and delayed damage. Current and past clinical trials are also mentioned as attempts to modulate these events, with no clinical significance so far. A better knowledge of the glutamatergic deregulation and related excitoxicity should play a key role in the understanding of TBI and provide a basis for possible therapeutic targets in a close future...

O edema cerebral e a excitotoxicidade são fenômenos bem conhecidos e foram descritos em múltiplos contextos patológicos. Apesar disso, em relação ao traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE), acontecimento significativo em termos de incidência e consequências clínicas, pouco se sabe acerca dos reais processos de promoção e modulação do dano cerebral, nomeadamente em relação ao glutamato, o principal neurotransmissor excitatório endógeno do sistema nervoso central. Baseando-se em conceitos atuais de Neuropatologia e regulação cerebral, é feita uma revisão do sistema de regulação glutamatérgico, o seu papel e mecanismos de ação na resposta secundária ao TCE, nomeadamente no córtex e hipocampo, áreas propensas ao dano imediato e tardio. São referidos os diferentes ensaios clínicos até a data, como tentativas de modulação desses eventos, sem significância clínica até ao momento. Um melhor conhecimento da desregulação glutamatérgica e concomitante excitotoxicidade deverá desempenhar papel crucial na compreensão do TCE e funcionar como ponto de partida para eventuais alvos terapêuticos no futuro...

L-Teanina, ¿un aminoácido proveniente del té verde, con múltiples efectos sobre el SNC? / L-Theanine: an amino acid of green tea with multiple effects on the CNS?

El té es la segunda bebida de mayor consumo a nivel mundial después del agua. Esta bebida posee un efecto relajante y placentero. Ambas cualidades provienen de un aminoácido que se encuentra en grandes concentraciones en las hojas del té verde, la L-Teanina. Este aminoácido tiene la capacidad de atravesar la barrera hemato-encefálica y modular las funciones cerebrales, a través de su acción sobre los neurotransmisores y por su capacidad de alterar las ondas cerebrales a un predominio alfa, que es el patrón relacionado con la relajación y concentración. Este aminoácido tiene efecto anti-estrés, aumenta la memoria y concentración, mejora la calidad del sueño y actúa como un neuroprotector. A estos efectos sobre el SNC se puede sumar sus posibles usos junto con doxorubicina y otros antineoplásicos, mejorando sus acciones y disminuyendo su toxicidad.

L-Theanine, an amino acid of green tea, has the ability to modulate brain functions by causing an anti-stress effect, by improving memory and concentration and enhancing sleep, as well as by acting as a neuroprotective agent.

L-Teanina, ¿un aminoácido proveniente del té verde, con múltiples efectos sobre el SNC? / L-Theanine: an amino acid of green tea with multiple effects on the CNS?

El té es la segunda bebida de mayor consumo a nivel mundial después del agua. Esta bebida posee un efecto relajante y placentero. Ambas cualidades provienen de un aminoácido que se encuentra en grandes concentraciones en las hojas del té verde, la L-Teanina. Este aminoácido tiene la capacidad de atravesar la barrera hemato-encefálica y modular las funciones cerebrales, a través de su acción sobre los neurotransmisores y por su capacidad de alterar las ondas cerebrales a un predominio alfa, que es el patrón relacionado con la relajación y concentración. Este aminoácido tiene efecto anti-estrés, aumenta la memoria y concentración, mejora la calidad del sueño y actúa como un neuroprotector. A estos efectos sobre el SNC se puede sumar sus posibles usos junto con doxorubicina y otros antineoplásicos, mejorando sus acciones y disminuyendo su toxicidad.(AU)

L-Theanine, an amino acid of green tea, has the ability to modulate brain functions by causing an anti-stress effect, by improving memory and concentration and enhancing sleep, as well as by acting as a neuroprotective agent.(AU)

L-Teanina, ¿un aminoácido proveniente del té verde, con múltiples efectos sobre el SNC? / L-Theanine: an amino acid of green tea with multiple effects on the CNS?

El té es la segunda bebida de mayor consumo a nivel mundial después del agua. Esta bebida posee un efecto relajante y placentero. Ambas cualidades provienen de un aminoácido que se encuentra en grandes concentraciones en las hojas del té verde, la L-Teanina. Este aminoácido tiene la capacidad de atravesar la barrera hemato-encefálica y modular las funciones cerebrales, a través de su acción sobre los neurotransmisores y por su capacidad de alterar las ondas cerebrales a un predominio alfa, que es el patrón relacionado con la relajación y concentración. Este aminoácido tiene efecto anti-estrés, aumenta la memoria y concentración, mejora la calidad del sueño y actúa como un neuroprotector. A estos efectos sobre el SNC se puede sumar sus posibles usos junto con doxorubicina y otros antineoplásicos, mejorando sus acciones y disminuyendo su toxicidad.(AU)

L-Theanine, an amino acid of green tea, has the ability to modulate brain functions by causing an anti-stress effect, by improving memory and concentration and enhancing sleep, as well as by acting as a neuroprotective agent.(AU)

Neurotrasmisores en niños con meningitis bacteriana / Neurotransmitters in children with bacterial meningitis

La meningitis bacteriana continúa siendo una enfermedad potencialmente fatal, especialmente en países en vías de desarrollo. Los aminoácidos excitatorios están fuertemente implicados en la patogénesis del daño neuronal en meningitis bacteriana. El objetivo fue medir niveles de glutamato, GABA, glicina y taurina en liquido cefalorraquídeo y correlacionarlos con el grado de severidad, complicaciones y secuelas. Estudio prospectivo en 31 pacientes con meningitis bacteriana y 10 pacientes con líquido cefalorraquídeo normal (control), con edades de 1 mes - 13 años de edad. El análisis de aminoácidos se realizó al ingreso y al tercer día mediante cromatografía líquida de alta presión. De los 31 pacientes que ingresaron al estudio 64,5 % fueron de género femenino, 13 lactantes, 8 preescolares y 10 escolares. El promedio de aminoácidos en los niños con meningitis fue más alto que en el grupo control (P<0,01). El glutamato disminuyó significativamente en pacientes con hidrocefalia. El GABA está disminuido en pacientes con parálisis cerebral y la taurina está disminuida en higroma y aumentada en lesión de pares craneales, trastornos de la conducta e hipoacusia. Los cambios en los niveles de aminoácidos en líquido cefalorraquídeo refleja el estado patológico y severidad del daño cerebral. Este estudio provee información del eventual papel de la inmunomodulación y posible uso de antagonistas de aminoácidos excitatorios, con efecto neuroprotector, en el tratamiento de meninigitis bacteriana e indica que esta clase de molécula neurotóxica puede represetar un importante blanco en la terapia adyuvante para meningitis bacteriana.

Bacterial meningitis rmains a potentially fatal disease, especially in developing countries. Exitatory amino acids are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of neuronal damage in bacterial meningitis. To measure levels of glutamate, GABA, glycine and taurine in cerebroespinal fluid and correlate with the degree of severity, complications and sequelae. Prospective study in 31 patients with bacterial meningitis and 10 patients with normal cerebrospinal fluid (control), aged 1 month - 13 years old. Amino acid analysis was performed on admission and on the third day using high pressure liquid chromatography. Of the 31 patients entering the study 64.5 % were females, 13 infants, 8 preschoolers and 10 elementary school students. The average number of amino acids in children with meningitis was higher than in the control group (P<0.01). Glutamate levels significantly decreased in patients with hydrocephalus. GABA levels decreased in patients with cerebral pasly, and taurine diminished in hygroma, and increased in cranial nerve injury, eating disorders and hearing loss. Changes in amino acid levels in cerebrospinal fluid reflect pathological state and severity of brain damage. This study provides information on the possible role of immunomudulation and possible use of excitatory amino acid antogonists with neuroprotective effects in the treatment of bacterial meningitis, indicating that this class of neurotoxic molecules may represent important target in adjuvant therapy for bacterial meningitis.

Scanning electron microscopy in vitro study on the effect of Carisolv application on periodontally diseased root surfaces.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of diseased root surfaces treated by the association of scaling and the application of Carisolv. Twenty-four uniradicular periodontally involved teeth were used in this study. The teeth were divided randomly into three groups: eight teeth were scaled and root planed until there was a complete visible removal of calculus (group 1), Carisolv was applied on the root surfaces of eight teeth twice for 30 seconds before scaling with a sharp curette (group 2), and eight teeth received the same treatment as in group 2 but with a blunt curette (group 3). Specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The superficial aspect of the roots from group 1 presented scratches that mirrored the curette cutting edge, and the smear layer completely covered the surface. Root surfaces from groups 2 and 3 also presented a smear layer that covered the surface completely, but it was somewhat smoother than group 1. The use of Carisolv as an adjunct to scaling and root planing presented no advantage for smear layer removal over scaling alone, suggesting that no benefit is obtained by the use of Carisolv during periodontal mechanical treatment.

Remoção químico-mecânica da cárie dental com o uso de CarisolvTM: [revisão] / Chemomechanical caries removal using CarisolvTM: [review]

Introdução: a Odontologia vem aprimorando as técnicas de remoção do tecido cariado, visando facilitar a rotina clínica. Um desses avanços foi a introdução de mecanismos para a remoção químico-mecânica da cárie dental. Tradicionalmente, a remoção do tecido cariado tem sido realizada por meio de métodos mecânicos, como a utilização de instrumentos cortantes rotatórios e manuais que embora tenham se mostrado efetivos, apresentam desvantagens como a dor e eventual remoção de tecido sadio. Objetivo: estudar as vantagens e as desvantagens da técnica operatória de um método químico-mecânico quando se utiliza o produto CarisolvTM, bem como conhecer a sua composição e o seu mecanismo de ação. Conclusão: a remoção de tecido cariado com o CarisolvTM promove tanto a eliminação de S.mutans quanto a de Lactobacillus, entretanto é um processo controverso no que tange a sua eficácia e a ausência de dor visto que, eventualmente, é necessário o uso de instrumentos cortantes rotatórios para complementar a remoção de tecido cariado, possui um custo elevado e consome um maior tempo clínico quando comparado à remoção mecânica da cárie dental.

Introduction: dentistry is improving techniques for caries removal, intending to facilitate the clinical routine. Such advancement was the introduction of chemical-mechanical caries removal mechanisms. Traditionally, the carious lesion removal has been held by mechanical methods such as the use of rotary and manual cutting tools, which have been shown effective nevertheless, have disadvantages as pain and eventual removal of healthy tissue. Aim: study the advantages and disadvantages of a chemical-mechanical surgical technique when using the product CarisolvTM and know its composition and its acting mechanism. Conclusion: caries removal with CarisolvTM promotes both S.mutans as Lactobacillus elimination. In the meantime is a controversial process with regard to its effectiveness and pain absence because, eventually, it is necessary to use rotary cutting tools to complement the caries removal, has a high cost and consumes a larger clinical time when compared to dental caries mechanical removal.

Comparison of two minimally invasive methods on the longevity of glass ionomer cement restorations: short-term results of a pilot study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of glass ionomer cement (GIC) restorations comparing two minimally invasive methods in permanent teeth after 12 months. Fifty pregnant women (second trimester of pregnancy), mean age 22 +/- 5.30 years, were treated by two previously trained operators. The treatment approaches tested were: chemomechanical method (Carisolv; MediTeam) and atraumatic restorative treatment (ART). A split-mouth study design was used in which the two treatments were randomly placed in 50 matched pairs of permanent teeth. The chemomechanical method (CM) was the test group and the ART was the control group. The treatments were performed in Public Health Centers. The tested restorative material was a high-strength GIC (Ketac Molar; 3M/ESPE). The restorations were placed according to the ART guidelines. Two calibrated independent examiners evaluated the restorations in accordance with ART criteria. The inter-examiner kappa was 0.97. Data were analyzed using 95% confidence interval on the binomial distribution and Fisher's exact test at 5% significance level. In a 12-month follow-up, 86% of the restorations were evaluated. In the test group (CM), 100% (CI=93.3-100%) of the restorations were considered successful. In the control group (ART) 97.6% (CI=87.4-99.9%) of the restorations were considered successful and 2.4% unsuccessful (marginal defect >0.5 mm). There was no statistically significant difference between the 12-month success rate for both groups (Fisher's exact test: P=0.49) and between the two operators (Fisher's exact test: P=1.00). Both minimally invasive methods, chemomechanical method and ART, showed a similar clinical performance after 12 months of follow up.

Behavioral and physiological changes in children with Down syndrome using mechanical and chemomechanical (Carisolv) caries removal methods.

This study compared behavioral and physiological changes during caries removal in children with Down syndrome when using a chemomechanical caries removal technique (Carisolv) and a conventional method of caries removal. Twenty children (ASA class 1) between 5 and 12 years of age participated in the study; 10 subjects had Down syndrome and 10 were healthy controls. The behavioral and physiological assessments were carried out during five stages of dental treatment: (1) 5 minutes before local anesthesia; (2) during local anesthesia; (3) during caries removal; (4) immediately after restoration; and (5) 5 minutes after the end of the treatment. The caries removal step resulted in the greatest behavioral and physiological changes. Except for oxygen saturation, statistically significant differences in heart rate (p<0.05) were recorded between children with Down syndrome and the control children.

Comparasion of two minimally invasive methods on the longevity of glass ionomer cement restorations: short-term results of a pilot study

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of glass ionomer cement (GIC) restorations comparing two minimally invasive methods in permanent teeth after 12 months. Fifty pregnant women (second trimester of pregnancy), mean age 22 ± 5.30 years, were treated by two previously trained operators. The treatment approaches tested were: chemomechanical method (CarisolvTM; MediTeam) and atraumatic restorative treatment (ART). A split-mouth study design was used in which the two treatments were randomly placed in 50 matched pairs of permanent teeth. The chemomechanical method (CM) was the test group and the ART was the control group. The treatments were performed in Public Health Centers. The tested restorative material was a high-strength GIC (Ketac Molar; 3M/ESPE). The restorations were placed according to the ART guidelines. Two calibrated independent examiners evaluated the restorations in accordance with ART criteria. The inter-examiner kappa was 0.97. Data were analyzed using 95 percent confidence interval on the binomial distribution and Fisher's exact test at 5 percent significance level. In a 12-month follow-up, 86 percent of the restorations were evaluated. In the test group (CM), 100 percent (CI=93.3-100 percent) of the restorations were considered successful. In the control group (ART) 97.6 percent (CI=87.4-99.9 percent) of the restorations were considered successful and 2.4 percent unsuccessful (marginal defect >0.5 mm). There was no statistically significant difference between the 12-mounth success rate for both groups (Fisher's exact test: P=0.49) and between the two operators (Fisher's exact test: P=1.00). Both minimally invasive methods, chemomechanical method and ART, showed a similar clinical performance after 12 months of follow up.

Chemical versus conventional caries removal techniques in primary teeth: a microhardness study.

The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the remaining dentinal surface after carious tooth tissue removal with a low speed conventional bur and two chemomechanical methods, (Papacárie and Carisolv), using the microhardness test. It was concluded that the hardness of the remaining dentin after carious tissue removal was lower than that obtained on healthy dentin, without significance between the different means of carious tissue removal (p<0.05).

In vitro evaluation of marginal leakage in bonded restorations, with mechanical or chemical-mechanical (Carisolv) removal of carious tissue.

This study carried out an in vitro evaluation and comparison of the occurrence of marginal leakage in bonded restorations using mechanical or chemical-mechanical (Carisolv) removal of carious tissue. For that purpose, 40 extracted decayed human molars were divided into 4 groups: GI (burs + Prime & Bond NT + TPH), GII (Carisolv + Prime & Bond NT + TPH), GIII (burs + SBMP + Z100) and GIV (Carisolv + SBMP + Z100). After accomplishment of the restorations and thermal cycling, the teeth were exposed to dye, sectioned and qualitatively evaluated. The results demonstrated that the system of removal of carious tissue did not influence the results of microleakage at any of the cavity margins. At dentinal margins, use of the Prime & Bond NT + TPH restorative system allowed the occurrence of less microleakage than the SBMP + Z100 system.

In vitro evaluation of marginal leakage in bonded restorations, with mechanical or chemical-mechanical (Carisolv) removal of carious tissue

This study carried out an in vitro evaluation and comparison of the occurrence of marginal leakage in bonded restorations using mechanical or chemical-mechanical (Carisolv) removal of carious tissue. For that purpose, 40 extracted decayed human molars were divided into 4 groups: GI (burs + Prime & Bond NT + TPH), GII (Carisolv + Prime & Bond NT + TPH), GIII (burs + SBMP + Z100) and GIV (Carisolv + SBMP + Z100). After accomplishment of the restorations and thermal cycling, the teeth were exposed to dye, sectioned and qualitatively evaluated. The results demonstrated that the system of removal of carious tissue did not influence the results of microleakage at any of the cavity margins. At dentinal margins, use of the Prime & Bond NT + TPH restorative system allowed the occurrence of less microleakage than the SBMP + Z100 system.

Este estudo avaliou e comparou in vitro a ocorrência da infiltração marginal em restaurações adesivas, com a utilização de remoção mecânica e químico-mecânica do tecido cariado. Para a proposição, 40 dentes molares humanos extraídos cariados foram divididos em quatro grupos: GI (brocas + Prime & Bond NT + TPH), GII (Carisolv + Prime & Bond NT + TPH), GIII (brocas + SBMP + Z100) e GIV (Carisolv + SBMP + Z100). Após a execução das restaurações e termociclagem, os dentes foram expostos a corante, seccionados e avaliados qualitativamente. Os resultados demonstraram que o sistema de remoção de tecido cariado não influenciou a ocorrência de microinfiltração em quaisquer margens cavitárias. Nas margens dentinárias, a utilização do sistema restaurador Prime & Bond NT + TPH demonstrou menor ocorrência de microinfiltração do que o sistema SBMP + Z100.

Evaluation of the methodologies used in clinical trials and effectiveness of chemo-mechanical caries removal with CarisolvTM

This investigation aims to discuss the methodologies applied in clinical trials published about CarisolvTM, in order to assess the best scientific evidence concerning chemo-mechanical caries removal. Papers concerning the use of CarisolvTM were sought using a search strategy. The titles and abstracts of all the reports identified through the search were analyzed by a single reviewer. The inclusion criterion involved: clinical trials having CarisolvTM in one of the study groups. Then, those that fulfilled the inclusion criterion underwent methodology assessment and data extraction. Only 12 papers met the inclusion criterion. It was observed that none of these studies complied with all the evaluated research methodological principles required in order to have power of evidence generation. CarisolvTM proved to be effective in caries removal. Appointment mean time was greater, but the perceived time was shorter than that using conventional techniques due to patients' perception of more comfort and a reduction of anesthesia needs. There were no adverse effect in long-term assessments. In studies with microbiological evaluation of the remaining dentine, it was observed that both the conventional and chemo-mechanical methods produced statistically significant reduction on counts of viable microorganisms.

Esta investigação objetiva discutir as metodologias aplicadas em ensaios clínicos publicados sobre Carisolv®, para verificar a melhor evidência científica concernente à remoção químico-mecânica de tecido cariado. Artigos referentes ao uso de Carisolv® foram procurados utilizando-se uma estratégia de busca. Os títulos e resumos de todos os estudos identificados pela procura foram analisados por um único revisor. O critério de inclusão envolveu: ensaios clínicos contendo o sistema Carisolv® em um dos grupos de estudo. Os estudos que preencheram o critério de inclusão foram submetidos à avaliação de metodologia e extração de dados. Somente 12 artigos preencheram o critério para inclusão. Foi verificado que nenhum desses estudos obedeceu a todos os princípios metodológicos considerados necessários para que uma pesquisa tenha poder de geração de evidências. O Carisolv® demonstrou ser eficaz na remoção de tecido cariado. O tempo de consulta foi maior, mas o tempo percebido foi inferior em comparação ao tempo das técnicas convencionais devido à percepção dos pacientes de mais conforto e de redução da necessidade de anestesia. Não houve efeito adverso em avaliações a longo prazo. Em estudos com avaliação microbiológica da dentina remanescente foi verificado que ambos os métodos convencional e químico-mecânico produziram redução significativa na contagem de microrganismos viáveis.

Clinical randomized controlled trial of chemomechanical caries removal (Carisolv).

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the chemomechanical caries-removal system (Carisolv) with high-speed excavation in cavitated occlusal caries of primary molars. Design and setting. The study was a randomized controlled, clinical trial in which the two techniques were compared in each subject. Participants were chosen from public schools, in Maracaibo County, Zulia State, Venezuela. SAMPLE AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 80 primary molars selected from 40 children (mean age 7.7+/-0.7 years). Each patient had at least two contralateral primary molars with cavitated occlusal caries and approximately equal-size access to lesions. The outcome variables were: clinically complete caries removal, size of the opening of the cavity, volume of carious tissue removed, pain during caries removal, anaesthesia requested by the patient, caries-removal time, and behaviour and preference of patients. RESULTS: All treated molars were clinically caries free whichever caries-removal procedure was used. When Carisolv' was used the final cavity entrance sizes were smaller (P<0.001) and the estimated volume of tissue removed was less (P<0.001). The time taken for caries removal was three times longer (7.51+/-1.83 min, P<0.001). Some pain was reported by seven (17.5%) participants when Carisolv was used, compared with 16 (40%) when high-speed excavation was used (P<0.05). Using the Carisolv method there was a higher proportion of patients with positive behaviour (P<0.01), and 71.0% (P<0.05) preferred this treatment. CONCLUSION: Carisolv is an effective clinical alternative treatment for the removal of occlusal dentinal caries in cavitated primary molars; it is more conservative of dental tissue and appeared to be more comfortable for most patients, although the clinical time spent is longer than when using high-speed excavation.

Efficacy of Carisolv as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing on subgingival calculus removal.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of subgingival application of Carisolv gel as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing (SRP) on calculus removal compared to conventional instrumentation. Forty-five teeth requiring extraction due to severe periodontal disease were randomized to the following treatments: 1) SRP alone; 2) placebo gel + SRP; 3) Carisolv gel + SRP. Either test or placebo gel was applied subgingivally for 1 min and then the root were instrumented until a smooth and calculus-free surface was achieved. Instrumentation time and the number of strokes required were recorded. After extraction, the efficacy of root surface instrumentation was measured by percentage of remaining calculus. There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the treatment groups regarding either time required for instrumentation or the percentage of residual calculus. The subgingival application of Carisolv gel prior to SRP did not provide any additional benefit to root instrumentation compared to scaling and root planing alone.

Evaluation of the methodologies used in clinical trials and effectiveness of chemo-mechanical caries removal with Carisolv.

This investigation aims to discuss the methodologies applied in clinical trials published about Carisolv, in order to assess the best scientific evidence concerning chemo-mechanical caries removal. Papers concerning the use of Carisolv were sought using a search strategy. The titles and abstracts of all the reports identified through the search were analyzed by a single reviewer. The inclusion criterion involved: clinical trials having Carisolv in one of the study groups. Then, those that fulfilled the inclusion criterion underwent methodology assessment and data extraction. Only 12 papers met the inclusion criterion. It was observed that none of these studies complied with all the evaluated research methodological principles required in order to have power of evidence generation. Carisolv proved to be effective in caries removal. Appointment mean time was greater, but the perceived time was shorter than that using conventional techniques due to patients' perception of more comfort and a reduction of anesthesia needs. There were no adverse effect in long-term assessments. In studies with microbiological evaluation of the remaining dentine, it was observed that both the conventional and chemo-mechanical methods produced statistically significant reduction on counts of viable microorganisms.