ABSTRACT
Periodontitis is a chronic disease caused by bacterial infection and is characterized with alveolar bone resorption. Bone regeneration in periodontitis remains a critical challenge because bacterial infection induced an unfavorable microenvironment for osteogenesis. Therefore, it is necessary to design proper therapeutic platforms to control bacterial infection and promote bone regeneration. Herein, mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) with different pore sizes (3.0, 4.3, and 12.3 nm) was used as an in situ reactor to confine the growth of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), forming MBG@Au hybrids which combine the osteoconductivity of MBG and antibacterial properties of Au NPs. Upon near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, the MBG@Au NPs showed efficient antibacterial properties both in vitro and in vivo. Besides, the osteogenesis properties of MBG@Au also improved under NIR irradiation. Furthermore, the in vivo results demonstrated that MBG@Au can effectively promote alveolar bone regeneration and realize the healing of serious periodontitis.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Bone Regeneration , Glass , Gold , Metal Nanoparticles , Periodontitis , Periodontitis/drug therapy , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Metal Nanoparticles/therapeutic use , Gold/chemistry , Gold/pharmacology , Gold/therapeutic use , Animals , Porosity , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Bone Regeneration/drug effects , Glass/chemistry , Mice , Osteogenesis/drug effects , Male , Porphyromonas gingivalis/drug effects , HumansABSTRACT
High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to play a critical role in the secondary cascade of spinal cord injury (SCI). The scavenging of ROS has emerged as a promising approach for alleviating acute SCI. Moreover, identifying the precise location of the SCI site remains challenging. Enhancing the visualization of the spinal cord and improving the ability to distinguish the lesion site are crucial for accurate and safe treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent clinical need to develop a biomaterial that integrates diagnosis and treatment for SCI. Herein, ultra-small-sized gold nanodots (AuNDs) were designed for dual-mode imaging-guided precision treatment of SCI. The designed AuNDs demonstrate two important functions. First, they effectively scavenge ROS, inhibit oxidative stress, reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells, and prevent apoptosis. This leads to a significant improvement in SCI repair and promotes a functional recovery after injury. Second, leveraging their excellent dual-mode imaging capabilities, the AuNDs enable rapid and accurate identification of SCI sites. The high contrast observed between the injured and adjacent uninjured areas highlights the tremendous potential of AuNDs for SCI detection. Overall, by integrating ROS scavenging and dual-mode imaging in a single biomaterial, our work on functionalized AuNDs provides a promising strategy for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of SCI.
Subject(s)
Gold , Spinal Cord Injuries , Humans , Reactive Oxygen Species , Gold/therapeutic use , Spinal Cord Injuries/drug therapy , Oxidative Stress , Biocompatible Materials/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) with bright emission and unique chemical reactivity characters have been widely applied for optical sensing and imaging. With a combination of surface modifications, effective therapeutic treatments of tumors are realized. In this review, we summarize the recently adopted biosensing and therapy events based on Au NCs. Homogeneous and fluorometric biosensing systems toward various targets, including ions, small molecules, reactive oxygen species, biomacromolecules, cancer cells, and bacteria, in vitro and in vivo, are presented by turn-off, turn-on, and ratiometric tactics. The therapy applications are concluded in three aspects: photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and as a drug carrier. The basic mechanisms and performances of these systems are introduced. Finally, this review highlights the challenges and future trend of Au NC-based biosensing and therapy systems.
Subject(s)
Photochemotherapy , Drug Carriers , Fluorometry , Gold/therapeutic use , Photothermal TherapyABSTRACT
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is insensitive to conventional therapy due to its highly invasive nature resulting in poor therapeutic outcomes. Recent studies have shown multiple genes associated with ferroptosis in TNBC, suggesting an opportunity for ferroptosis-based treatment of TNBC. However, the efficiency of present ferroptosis agents for cancer is greatly restricted due to lack of specificity and low intracellular levels of H2O2 in cancer cells. Herein, we report a nano-theranostic platform consisting of gold (Au)-iron oxide (Fe3O4) Janus nanoparticles (GION@RGD) that effectively enhances the tumor-specific Fenton reaction through utilization of near-infrared (NIR) lasers, resulting in the generation of substantial quantities of toxic hydroxyl radicals (â¢OH). Specifically, Au nanoparticles (NPs) converted NIR light energy into thermal energy, inducing generation of abundant intracellular H2O2, thereby enhancing the iron-induced Fenton reaction. The generated â¢OH not only lead to apoptosis of malignant tumor cells but also induce the accumulation of lipid peroxides, causing ferroptosis of tumor cells. After functionalizing with the activity-targeting ligand RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp), precise synergistic treatment of TNBC was achieved in vivo under the guidance of Fe3O4 enhanced T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This synergistic treatment strategy of NIR-enhanced ferroptosis holds promise for the treatment of TNBC.
Subject(s)
Ferroptosis , Metal Nanoparticles , Multifunctional Nanoparticles , Nanoparticles , Neoplasms , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms , Humans , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Gold/therapeutic use , Hydrogen Peroxide , Cell Line, Tumor , Neoplasms/drug therapy , OligopeptidesABSTRACT
Psoriasis, a prevalent chronic inflammatory skin ailment affecting approximately 2-3% of the global population, is characterized by persistent symptoms. Dexamethasone, a primary corticosteroid for treating psoriasis, demonstrates notable efficacy; however, its limited skin permeation results in documented adverse effects. To address this, the presented study employed a novel strategy to conjugate gold nanorod and dexamethasone and evaluate their potential for mitigating psoriatic inflammation using an imiquimod-induced mouse model and human skin cells. Our findings revealed enhanced cutaneous penetration of gold nanorod and dexamethasone conjugates compared with that of dexamethasone, owing to superior skin penetration. Gold nanorod and dexamethasone conjugates demonstrated an optimal pharmacological impact at minimal dosages without toxicity during extended use. To further enhance the effectiveness of gold nanorod and dexamethasone conjugates, 808 nm near-infrared laser irradiation, which reacts to gold, was additionally applied to achieve thermal elevation to expedite drug skin penetration. Supplementary laser irradiation at 808 nm significantly ameliorated psoriatic symptoms following deep gold nanorod and dexamethasone conjugates penetration. This corresponded with restored peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ levels and accelerated dexamethasone release from the gold nanorod and dexamethasone conjugates complex. These findings highlight the potential of gold nanorod and dexamethasone conjugates to enhance drug penetration through dermal layers, thereby aiding psoriasis treatment. Moreover, its compatibility with photothermal therapy offers prospects for novel therapeutic interventions across various inflammatory skin disorders.
Subject(s)
Nanotubes , Psoriasis , Animals , Mice , Humans , Photothermal Therapy , Gold/pharmacology , Gold/therapeutic use , Psoriasis/drug therapy , Dexamethasone/pharmacology , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , Inflammation/drug therapyABSTRACT
Radiotherapy (RT) stands as a cornerstone in the clinical armamentarium against various cancers due to its proven efficacy. However, the intrinsic radiation resistance exhibited by cancer cells, coupled with the adverse effects of RT on normal tissues, often compromises its therapeutic potential and leads to unwanted side effects. This comprehensive review aims to consolidate our understanding of how radiosensitizers inhibit the thioredoxin (Trx) system in cellular contexts. Notable radiosensitizers, including gold nanoparticles (GNPs), gold triethylphosphine cyanide ([Au(SCN) (PEt3)]), auranofin, ceria nanoparticles (CONPs), curcumin and its derivatives, piperlongamide, indolequinone derivatives, micheliolide, motexafin gadolinium, and ethane selenide selenidazole derivatives (SeDs), are meticulously elucidated in terms of their applications in radiotherapy. In this review, the sensitization mechanisms and the current research progress of these radiosensitizers are discussed in detail, with the overall aim of providing valuable insights for the judicious application of Trx system inhibitors in the field of cancer radiosensitization therapy.
Subject(s)
Cyanates , Metal Nanoparticles , Neoplasms , Radiation-Sensitizing Agents , Humans , Gold/therapeutic use , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Radiation-Sensitizing Agents/pharmacology , ThioredoxinsABSTRACT
This review explores the diverse applications of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in neurological diseases, with a specific focus on Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and stroke. The introduction highlights the pivotal role of neuroinflammation in these disorders and introduces the unique properties of AuNPs. The review's core examines the mechanisms by which AuNPs exert neuroprotection and anti-neuro-inflammatory effects, elucidating various pathways through which they manifest these properties. The potential therapeutic applications of AuNPs in AD are discussed, shedding light on promising avenues for therapy. This review also explores the prospects of utilizing AuNPs in PD interventions, presenting a hopeful outlook for future treatments. Additionally, the review delves into the potential of AuNPs in providing neuroprotection after strokes, emphasizing their significance in mitigating cerebrovascular accidents' aftermath. Experimental findings from cellular and animal models are consolidated to provide a comprehensive overview of AuNPs' effectiveness, offering insights into their impact at both the cellular and in vivo levels. This review enhances our understanding of AuNPs' applications in neurological diseases and lays the groundwork for innovative therapeutic strategies in neurology.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease , Metal Nanoparticles , Animals , Neuroprotection , Gold/therapeutic use , Metal Nanoparticles/therapeutic use , Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy , Models, AnimalABSTRACT
Anisotropic gold nanostructures have gained increased attention for biomedical applications because of their remarkable optical properties. An emerging type of gold nanostructure-gold nanobipyramids (AuNBP)-has been shown to exhibit superior absorption properties compared to conventionally used gold nanoparticles, which makes them attractive for photothermal applications. We generated a high-shape-purity dispersion of AuNBP using a seed-mediated method and embedded them as photothermal conversion agents in a silk fibroin matrix to investigate their efficacy in photothermal sealing of incisional wounds in immunocompetent mice. These AuNBP-doped laser-activated sealants, or AuNBP-LASE were able to absorb near-infrared laser energy and convert it to heat, thereby inducing transient hyperthermia in the wound and the surrounding tissue. This photothermal conversion facilitated rapid sealing of the skin tissue by the AuNBP-LASE, which resulted in faster functional recovery of skin barrier function compared to nylon sutures at the early stages of repair. Further, the biomechanical properties of the healing skin closed with AuNBP-LASE those of intact skin more rapidly compared to incisions approximated with sutures. Histology studies indicated higher penetration of the LASE within the volume of the incision in skin tissue, lower scab formation, and a similar epidermal gap compared to conventional suturing. These results demonstrate that AuNBP-LASEs can be effective as wound approximation devices for photothermal sealing.
Subject(s)
Hyperthermia, Induced , Metal Nanoparticles , Mice , Animals , Gold/therapeutic use , Metal Nanoparticles/therapeutic use , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Skin , LasersABSTRACT
We studied grafted tumors obtained by subcutaneous implantation of kidney cancer cells into male white rats. Gold nanorods with a plasmon resonance of about 800 nm were injected intratumorally for photothermal heating. Experimental irradiation of tumors was carried out percutaneously using a near-infrared diode laser. Changes in the optical properties of the studied tissues in the spectral range 350-2200 nm under plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPT) were studied. Analysis of the observed changes in the absorption bands of water and hemoglobin made it possible to estimate the depth of thermal damage to the tumor. A significant decrease in absorption peaks was observed in the spectrum of the upper peripheral part and especially the tumor capsule. The obtained changes in the optical properties of tissues under laser irradiation can be used to optimize laboratory and clinical PPT procedures.
Subject(s)
Laser Therapy , Nanotubes , Neoplasms , Rats , Animals , Male , Photothermal Therapy , Gold/therapeutic use , Lasers, SemiconductorABSTRACT
Humanity is suffering from cancer which has become a root cause of untimely deaths of individuals around the globe in the recent past. Nanotheranostics integrates therapeutics and diagnostics to monitor treatment response and enhance drug efficacy and safety. We hereby propose to discuss all recent cancer imaging and diagnostic tools, the mechanism of targeting tumor cells, and current nanotheranostic platforms available for cancer. This review discusses various nanotheranostic agents and novel molecular imaging tools like MRI, CT, PET, SPEC, and PAT used for cancer diagnostics. Emphasis is given to gold nanoparticles, silica, liposomes, dendrimers, and metal-based agents. We also highlight the mechanism of targeting the tumor cells, and the limitations of different nanotheranostic agents in the field of research for cancer treatment. Due to the complexity in this area, multifunctional and hybrid nanoparticles functionalized with targeted moieties or anti-cancer drugs show the best feature for theranostics that enables them to work on carrying and delivering active materials to the desired area of the requirement for early detection and diagnosis. Non-invasive imaging techniques have a specificity of receptor binding and internalization processes of the nanosystems within the cancer cells. Nanotheranostics may provide the appropriate medicine at the appropriate dose to the appropriate patient at the appropriate time.
Subject(s)
Metal Nanoparticles , Neoplasms , Humans , Drug Delivery Systems/methods , Theranostic Nanomedicine/methods , Gold/therapeutic use , Neoplasms/diagnosis , Neoplasms/drug therapyABSTRACT
Induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) and activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase stimulator of interferon gene (cGAS-STING) pathway are two potent anticancer immunotherapeutic strategies in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, 12 liver- and mitochondria-targeting gold(I) complexes (9a-9l) were designed and synthesized. The superior complex 9b produced a considerable amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and facilitated DNA excretion, the ROS-induced ICD and DNA activated the cGAS-STING pathway, both of which evoked an intense anticancer immune response in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, 9b strongly inhibited tumor growth in a patient-derived xenograft model of HCC. Overall, we present the first case of simultaneous ICD induction and cGAS-STING pathway activation within the same gold-based small molecule, which may provide an innovative strategy for designing chemoimmunotherapies for HCC.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Gold , Immunogenic Cell Death , Liver Neoplasms , Humans , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy , DNA/metabolism , Immunogenic Cell Death/drug effects , Immunotherapy , Interferons , Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy , Mitochondria/metabolism , Nucleotidyltransferases/metabolism , Reactive Oxygen Species , Signal Transduction , Gold/pharmacology , Gold/therapeutic use , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Metal Nanoparticles/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Auranofin, an FDA-approved drug for rheumatoid arthritis, has emerged as a promising antiparasitic medication in recent years. The gold(I) ion in auranofin is postulated to be responsible for its antiparasitic activity. Notably, aurothiomalate and aurothioglucose also contain gold(I), and, like auranofin, they were previously used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Whether they have antiparasitic activity remains to be elucidated. Herein, we demonstrated that auranofin and similar derivatives, but not aurothiomalate and aurothioglucose, inhibited the growth of Toxoplasma gondii in vitro. We found that auranofin affected the T. gondii biological cycle (lytic cycle) by inhibiting T. gondii's invasion and triggering its egress from the host cell. However, auranofin could not prevent parasite replication once T. gondii resided within the host. Auranofin treatment induced apoptosis in T. gondii parasites, as demonstrated by its reduced size and elevated phosphatidylserine externalization (PS). Notably, the gold from auranofin enters the cytoplasm of T. gondii, as demonstrated by scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS).IMPORTANCEToxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is a devastating disease affecting the brain and the eyes, frequently affecting immunocompromised individuals. Approximately 60 million people in the United States are already infected with T. gondii, representing a population at-risk of developing toxoplasmosis. Recent advances in treating cancer, autoimmune diseases, and organ transplants have contributed to this at-risk population's exponential growth. Paradoxically, treatments for toxoplasmosis have remained the same for more than 60 years, relying on medications well-known for their bone marrow toxicity and allergic reactions. Discovering new therapies is a priority, and repurposing FDA-approved drugs is an alternative approach to speed up drug discovery. Herein, we report the effect of auranofin, an FDA-approved drug, on the biological cycle of T. gondii and how both the phosphine ligand and the gold molecule determine the anti-parasitic activity of auranofin and other gold compounds. Our studies would contribute to the pipeline of candidate anti-T. gondii agents.
Subject(s)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid , Phosphines , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmosis , Humans , Auranofin/pharmacology , Auranofin/therapeutic use , Gold/pharmacology , Gold/therapeutic use , Ligands , Aurothioglucose/pharmacology , Aurothioglucose/therapeutic use , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Gold Sodium Thiomalate/pharmacology , Gold Sodium Thiomalate/therapeutic use , Antiparasitic Agents/pharmacology , Antiparasitic Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Oral mucositis remains a significant complication during cancer therapy with no effective treatment. Gold nanoparticles offer anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties with low toxicity. This study systematically reviews the literature assessing gold nanoparticles in the management of oral mucositis in animal models. METHODS: A literature search was undertaken using MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases, using the format for Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation. Prior to the review, the protocol was registered in the systematic review register, PROSPERO (registration no. CRD42021272169). Outcome measures included ulceration, histopathological scores, inflammatory mediators, microbial growth, and pain. Study quality was analysed by SYRCLE risk-of-bias tool. RESULTS: Only one study met the inclusion criteria, documenting reduction in ulceration, inflammatory, and oxidative biomarkers. Exposure to AuNPs prevented inflammatory response induced by 5-fluorouracil in oral mucosa of hamsters. However, a high risk of bias necessitates further research. CONCLUSION: This review identifies a potential therapeutic strategy for prevention and management of oral mucositis. It also provides future direction for gold nanoparticle research in oral mucositis; however, there is lack of sufficient evidence to derive any conclusion. Research with standardized parameters including nanoparticle size, capping agent, surface charge, and appropriate oral mucositis animal models will establish risk-benefit balance and margin of safety for therapeutic use of gold nanoparticles for oral mucositis.
Subject(s)
Metal Nanoparticles , Neoplasms , Stomatitis , Animals , Gold/therapeutic use , Neoplasms/therapy , Metal Nanoparticles/therapeutic use , Stomatitis/drug therapy , Stomatitis/prevention & control , Mouth MucosaABSTRACT
Ultrasmall platinum (Pt) nanozymes are used for catalytic therapy and oxygen (O2)-dependent photodynamic therapy (PDT) by harnessing the dual-enzyme activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD). However, their applications as nanocatalysts are limited due to their low catalytic activity. Herein, we constructed a photothermal-promoted bimetallic nanoplatform (AuNTP@Pt-IR808) by depositing ultrasmall Pt nano-islands and modifying 1-(5-Carboxypentyl)-2-(2-(3-(2-(1-(5-carboxypentyl)-3,3-dimethylindolin-2-ylidene)ethylidene)-2-chlorocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)vinyl)-3,3-dimethyl-3H-indol-1-ium bromide (IR808) on gold nanotetrapod (AuNTP) with CAT/POD activities to enhance PDT/catalytic therapy. In the tumor microenvironment, the ultrasmall Pt can catalyze endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to produce O2, relieving tumor hypoxia and enhancing the PDT performance. Moreover, AuNTP integration into the bimetallic nanoplatform showed good electron transfer properties and promoted the POD activity of ultrasmall Pt. Importantly, AuNTP@Pt-IR808 possessed higher photothermal conversion performance than single AuNTPs, which enhanced photothermal therapy (PTT). It also accelerated the CAT/POD dual-enzyme activities, and promoted the generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydroxyl radical (OH). By enhancing the performances of PTT/PDT/catalytic therapy, the developed AuNTP@Pt-IR808 nanoplatform demonstrated good antitumor efficacy against breast cancer.
Subject(s)
Metal Nanoparticles , Neoplasms , Photochemotherapy , Humans , Cell Line, Tumor , Gold/pharmacology , Gold/therapeutic use , Hydrogen Peroxide , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Oxygen , Platinum/pharmacology , Tumor Microenvironment , Nanoparticles/chemistryABSTRACT
Cancer poses a formidable challenge, necessitating improved treatment strategies. Metal-based drugs and nanotechnology offer new hope in this battle. Versatile gold complexes and functionalized gold nanoparticles exhibit unique properties like biologically inert behaviour, outstanding light absorption, and heat-conversion abilities. These nanoparticles can be finely tuned for drug delivery, enabling precise and targeted cancer therapy. Their exceptional drug-loading capacity and low toxicity, stemming from excellent stability, biocompatibility, and customizable shapes, make them a promising option for enhancing cancer treatment outcomes and improving diagnostic imaging. Leveraging these attributes, researchers can design more effective and targeted cancer therapeutics. The potential of functionalized gold nanoparticles to advance cancer treatment and diagnostics holds a promising avenue for further exploration and development in the fight against cancer. This review article delves into the finely tuned attributes of functionalized gold nanoparticles, unveiling their potential for application in drug delivery for precise and targeted cancer therapy.
Subject(s)
Metal Nanoparticles , Neoplasms , Humans , Gold/therapeutic use , Metal Nanoparticles/therapeutic use , Drug Delivery Systems/methods , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Nanotechnology/methodsABSTRACT
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with metabolic heterogeneity and poor prognosis with limited treatment options. New treatment paradigms for TNBC remains an unmet need. Thus, therapeutics that target metabolism are particularly attractive approaches. We previously designed organometallic Au(III) compounds capable of modulating mitochondrial respiration by ligand tuning with high anticancer potency in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show that an efficacious Au(III) dithiocarbamate (AuDTC) compound induce mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage in cancer cells. Efficacy of AuDTC in TNBC mouse models harboring mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) dependence and metabolic heterogeneity establishes its therapeutic potential following systemic delivery. This provides evidence that AuDTC is an effective modulator of mitochondrial respiration worthy of clinical development in the context of TNBC. ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY: Metabolic-targeting of triple-negative breast cancer by gold anticancer agent may provide efficacious therapy.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms , Humans , Animals , Mice , Oxidative Phosphorylation , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Gold/pharmacology , Gold/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Cell Line, TumorABSTRACT
Cervical cancer remains a pressing global health concern, necessitating advanced therapeutic strategies. Radiotherapy, a fundamental treatment modality, has faced challenges such as targeted dose deposition and radiation exposure to healthy tissues, limiting optimal outcomes. To address these hurdles, nanomaterials, specifically gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), have emerged as a promising avenue. This study delves into the realm of cervical cancer radiotherapy through the meticulous exploration of AuNPs' impact. Utilizing ex vivo experiments involving cell lines, this research dissected intricate radiobiological interactions. Detailed scrutiny of cell survival curves, dose enhancement factors (DEFs), and apoptosis in both cancer and normal cervical cells revealed profound insights. The outcomes showcased the substantial enhancement of radiation responses in cancer cells following AuNP treatment, resulting in heightened cell death and apoptotic levels. Significantly, the most pronounced effects were observed 24 h post-irradiation, emphasizing the pivotal role of timing in AuNPs' efficacy. Importantly, AuNPs exhibited targeted precision, selectively impacting cancer cells while preserving normal cells. This study illuminates the potential of AuNPs as potent radiosensitizers in cervical cancer therapy, offering a tailored and efficient approach. Through meticulous ex vivo experimentation, this research expands our comprehension of the complex dynamics between AuNPs and cells, laying the foundation for their optimized clinical utilization.
Subject(s)
Metal Nanoparticles , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Female , Humans , Gold/pharmacology , Gold/therapeutic use , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/drug therapy , Metal Nanoparticles/therapeutic use , Cell Line, Tumor , ApoptosisABSTRACT
Purpose: Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain tumor with universally poor outcomes. Recent progress in immune checkpoint inhibitors has led to increased interest in their application in glioblastoma. Nonetheless, the unique immune milieu in the brain has posed remarkable challenges to the efficacy of immunotherapy. We aimed to leverage the radiation-induced immunogenic cell death to overcome the immunosuppressive network in glioblastoma. Methods: We developed a novel approach using the gold-core silica-shell nanoparticles (Au@SiO2 NPs) in combination with low-dose radiation to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the immune checkpoint inhibitor (atezolizumab) in brain tumors. The biocompatibility, immune cell recruitment, and antitumor ability of the combinatorial strategy were determined using in vitro assays and in vivo models. Results: Our approach successfully induced the migration of macrophages towards brain tumors and promoted cancer cell apoptosis. Subcutaneous tumor models demonstrated favorable safety profiles and significantly enhanced anticancer effects. In orthotopic brain tumor models, the multimodal therapy yielded substantial prognostic benefits over any individual modalities, achieving an impressive 40% survival rate. Conclusion: In summary, the combination of Au@SiO2 NPs and low-dose radiation holds the potential to improve the clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The synergetic strategy modulates tumor microenvironments and enhances systemic antitumor immunity, paving a novel way for glioblastoma treatment.
Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms , Glioblastoma , Nanoparticles , Humans , Silicon Dioxide/therapeutic use , Glioblastoma/drug therapy , Gold/therapeutic use , Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Immunotherapy , Brain Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy , Cell Line, Tumor , Tumor MicroenvironmentABSTRACT
Este relato visa mostrar a reconstituição da guia canina em um paciente com oclusão em balanceio bilateral, situação caracterizada pela ausência de desoclusão dos dentes posteriores, nas movimentações laterais da mandíbula. Com o objetivo de preservar estes dentes e suas estruturas periodontais, foram confeccionadas restaurações de ouro inciso-palatinas nos caninos superiores, sem comprometimento da estética, para que os mesmos pudessem atuar de forma alternada na desoclusão dos molares e pré-molares, durante as excursões mandibulares. O procedimento restaurador teve acompanhamento fotográfico e radiográfico ao longo de 19 anos, concluindo-se que o procedimento restaurador contribuiu para a preservação dos dentes posteriores e suas estruturas de suporte, eliminando as forças oclusais oblíquas que antes incidiam sobre estes elementos, devido à inexistência da guia canina que provocava perda óssea vestibular e consequente retração gengival. (AU)
This report aims to show the reconstitution of canine guidance in a patient with bilateral balanced occusion, a situation characterized by the absence of deocclusion of posterior teeth, the lateral shift of the mandible. In order to preserve these teeth and their periodontal structures, incisal-palatines gold restorations were placed on maxillary canines, without compromising aesthetics, so that they could act alternately on deocclusion molars and premolars, during mandibular excursions. The restorative procedure had photographic and radiographic follow-up over 19 years, concluding that the restorative procedure contributed to preserve the posterior teeth and their supporting structures, eliminating the oblique occlusal forces than before focused on these elements, due to the lack of canine guidance, which caused buccal bone loss and consequent gingival recession. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Dental Occlusion , Dental Restoration, Permanent/methods , Gold/therapeutic use , Occlusal Adjustment/methods , Cuspid , Esthetics, DentalABSTRACT
En los últimos años, la evolución en el desarrollo de productos elaborados a partir de nanotecnología ha experimentado un espectacular crecimiento. En particular, las nanopartículas de oro han despertado gran interés en los sectores biomédico y alimentario, donde se ha descrito su utilización en el tratamiento frente al cáncer o como parte integrante de envases resistentes a la abrasión, con propiedades antimicrobianas. Por tanto, se cree que la exposición humana a las nanopartículas de oro aumentará considerablemente en los próximos años, pudiendo tener esto repercusiones sobre la salud. En este marco, el estudio de la toxicología de las nanopartículas ha revelado que su toxicidad depende de multitud de factores. Además, en la bibliografía hay cierta controversia en torno a los posibles efectos citotóxicos inducidos por las nanopartículas de oro. Diversos estudios de exposición in vitro han destacado su inocuidad en algunas líneas celulares, mientras que otros trabajos demostraron respuesta citotóxica. La siguiente revisión tiene por objeto describir las propiedades más relevantes de las nanopartículas de oro considerando sus potenciales aplicaciones en medicina y en la industria de los alimentos, así como examinar su posible toxicidad, con especial énfasis en los estudios de citotoxicidad in vitro disponibles hasta el momento.
In the recent years, the development of nanotechnology-based products has experienced a spectacular growth. Especially, gold nanoparticles have awoken a great interest in the biomedical and food sector, where their applications in cancer treatment as well as their incorporation in abrasion resistant and antimicrobial packaging have been described. Therefore, it is believed that human exposure to gold nanoparticles will increase considerably in the next few years, which may arise possible human health hazards. Hence, toxicology studies on nanoparticles revealed that their toxicity depends on various factors. Furthermore, there is some controversy regarding to gold nanoparticle-induced cytotoxicity. Several in vitro studies have reported that gold nanoparticles are innocuous, while some investigations have demonstrated a cytotoxic response after the exposure to these. The aim of this review is to describe the most relevant properties of gold nanoparticles according to their possible applications in medicine and in food industry, as well as to provide information about their possible toxic effects, taking into account the cytotoxic in vitro studies published at present.