ABSTRACT
This article presents a brief overview of recent studies on the phenomena of halogen bonding, most of which have been done for the last 15 years in the collaboration with Prof. David Shugar. All these investigations concern reliable estimation of the thermodynamic contribution of a halogen bond to protein-ligand interactions.
Subject(s)
Biochemistry/history , Protein Kinases/history , Enzyme Inhibitors/history , Halogens/history , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Ligands , Poland , Protein Binding , Protein Kinases/chemistry , Protein Kinases/metabolismABSTRACT
The discovery of four halogens is due to pharmacists. Chlorine was isolated by Carl Wilhem Scheele, a Swedish who was first an assistant to a pharmacist, then a pharmacist himself. Bernard Courtois, a pharmacist under the First Empire, the son of a saltpetre worker isolated iodine in I811, after a modification of the ancestral production protocol of potassium nitrate, which is the major component of the gunpowder: he replaced wood ashes by varech ashes which are less expensive. Antoine Jerôme Balard was still an assistant in chemistry and physics when he discovered bromine in the residues of the salt marshes. He became soon after a pharmacist and started a famous career as then he became Professor in the College de France and General Inspector of Higher Education. The last halogen: fluorine was isolated by Henri Moissan who received the Nobel Prize of Chemistry. The discovery will be the subject of our next communication.
Subject(s)
Chemistry/history , Halogens/history , Pharmacists/history , France , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , SwedenABSTRACT
En 1906 se otorga el Premio Nobel de Química a Henri Moissan, primer farmacéuticoy primer francés en recibir tal distinción. Era el broche de oro de un largocapítulo en el que a través de más de cien años, Scheele (1774), Courtois (1813),Balard (1823) y Moissan (1886), todos ellos farmacéuticos, aíslan el cloro, iodo,bromo y flúor, respectivamente. Por esta razón se plantea el título del trabajo enclave de interrogante. La elucidación de su naturaleza demolió la teoría de laacidez de Lavoisier, y el descubrimiento del bromo contribuyó a aportar luz sobrela sistematización de los elementos químicos. Se aportan detalles de la vida de losdescubridores y, de la concesión del Premio Nobel a Moissan, que realizó la proezade domar a la bestia salvaje de los elementos químicos
In 1906 Henri Moissan was the first French person and first pharmacist to beawarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. It was the end of a large and gold chapterin which through more than a century, Scheele (1774), Courtois (1813), Balard(1823) and Moissan (1886), all of them pharmacists, isolated chlorine, iodine, bromine and fluorine, respectively. That is the reason why the title figures as aquestion. The elucidation of the halogens nature demolished the Lavoisiers aciditytheory. Some aspects of the life of the discoverers are given. Moissan was able toisolate and study fluorine, that savage beast among the elements
