Hand eczema in glove-wearing patients.

BACKGROUND: Allergic contact dermatitis to gloves is mostly induced by rubber accelerators. The European baseline series (EBS) appears insufficient to detect glove allergy. Since 2017, it is recommended to use the European rubber series (ERS) and to test the patients' own gloves. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical profile of glove-wearing patients with hand eczema (HE) and to evaluate their sensitisation profile to glove allergens and the value of testing the patients' own gloves. METHODS: We conducted a French multicentre study of patients evaluated for HE between 2018 and 2020 and tested with the EBS, the ERS and their own gloves in patch tests and semi-open (SO) tests. RESULTS: A total of 279 patients were included; 32.6% of patients had positive tests to their own gloves or to glove allergens. Almost 45% of the sensitisations to glove allergens were detected only by the ERS. Among the patients tested both in patch tests and SO tests with their own gloves with positive results, 28% had positive SO tests only. Polyvinylchloride (PVC) gloves were positive in four patients. CONCLUSION: Our series confirms the need to test the ERS. All the patients' gloves must also be tested including PVC gloves. SO tests with gloves are useful as a complement to patch tests.

Occupational hand dermatitis secondary to methacrylates-The 'manual tray' sign.

A case report of a dentist presenting with allergic contact dermatitis to methacrylates present in dental bonding agent applied on the dorsum of a gloved hand. The patient presented with a localized dermatitis to the dorsum of the non-dominant hand which can be described as a 'manual tray sign'.

Systematic review on skin adverse effects of important hazardous hair cosmetic ingredients with a focus on hairdressers.

BACKGROUND: The burden of occupational hand eczema in hairdressers is high, and (partly strong) allergens abound in the hair cosmetic products they use. OBJECTIVES: To systematically review published evidence concerning contact allergy to an indicative list of active ingredients of hair cosmetics, namely, p-phenylenediamine (PPD), toluene-2,5-diamine (PTD), persulfates, mostly ammonium persulfate (APS), glyceryl thioglycolate (GMTG), and ammonium thioglycolate (ATG), concerning the prevalence of sensitization, particularly in terms of a comparison (relative risk; RR) between hairdressers and non-hairdressers. METHODS: Following a PROSPERO-registered and published protocol, eligible literature published from 2000 to February 2021 was identified, yielding 322 publications, and extracted in standardized publication record forms, also considering risk of bias. RESULTS: Based on 141 publications, the contact allergy prevalence to PPD was 4.3% (95% CI: 3.8-4.9%) in consecutively patch tested patients. Other ingredients were mostly tested in an aimed fashion, yielding variable, and partly high contact allergy prevalences. Where possible, the RR was calculated, yielding an average increased sensitization risk in hairdressers of between 5.4 (PPD) and 3.4 (ATG). Additional evidence related to immediate-type hypersensitivity, experimental results, exposures, and information from case reports was qualitatively synthesized. CONCLUSIONS: An excess risk of contact allergy is clearly evident from the pooled published evidence from the last 20 years. This should prompt an improvement in working conditions and product safety.

Current emerging and investigational drugs for the treatment of chronic hand eczema.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic hand eczema (CHE) is a highly prevalent, burdensome condition associated with functional impairment. Currently, topical therapeutics are the mainstay of CHE management. However, many cases are refractory to existing topical therapeutics, and the few existing systemic options are often limited in efficacy and by their side effect profiles. AREAS COVERED: Following a brief overview of CHE pathogenesis and existing treatments, this review will outline the mechanisms and available data on emerging and investigational drugs currently being studied in clinical trials for the treatment of CHE. EXPERT OPINION: Immunomodulatory drugs such as topical and systemic JAK inhibitors and Th2-targeting antibodies such as dupilumab are currently under investigation for CHE treatment, with early promise. Management of CHE will likely move toward more targeted treatments through clinical trials and away from broad immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine and methotrexate, which have previously been investigated for CHE and have more side effects. In coming years, CHE patients may benefit from a wider range of both topical and systemic therapeutics that target immune pathways relevant to the various CHE subtypes.

Occupational hand eczema reduces career length in hairdressers: a prospective cohort study of Danish hairdressers graduating from 1985 to 2007.

BACKGROUND: Occupational hand eczema (OHE) is common in hairdressers, and many leave the trade because of the disease. However, the exact impact of OHE on career length is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of OHE on career length and risk factors associated with leaving the trade because of OHE in hairdressers followed-up for up to 35 years. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of Danish hairdressers graduating between 1985 and 2007 (n=5219) was performed. A questionnaire was sent in 2009 and 2020. The Danish Labor Marked Supplementary Pension Scheme provided information on affiliation to the hairdressing profession. Career length was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analyses. RESULTS: The median survival time was 12.0 (95% CI 11.0 to 13.0) years in graduates with OHE and 14.0 (95% CI 12.6 to 15.4) years in graduates without OHE (p<0.001). Graduates with a frequency of hand eczema (HE) of 'once', 'several times' and 'almost all the time' had a median survival time of 20.0 (95% CI 14.6 to 25.4), 12.0 (95% CI 10.7 to 13.3) and 7.0 (95% CI 5.6 to 8.4) years, respectively. Graduates with OHE that left the trade (partly) because of HE constituted 11.7% of the study population. Factors associated with leaving the trade because of HE included a history of atopic dermatitis (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.2 (95% CI 1.2 to 4.0), a history of a positive patch test (aOR 5.1 (95% CI 2.3 to 11.0) and allergy to hair dyes (aOR 9.4 (95% CI 3.4 to 25.6). CONCLUSION: Career length is reduced in hairdressers with OHE, especially if frequently relapsing or caused by contact allergy, for example, to hair dyes.

Angiokeratoma-like purpuric palmar nodules following chemotherapy.

We describe a patient with leukemia undergoing chemotherapy who developed painful purpuric nodules of the digits. These findings were concerning for endocarditis (clinically) and angiokeratomas on gross histology. After extensive evaluation, we report the development of painful purpuric nodules as a likely side effect of the patient's therapeutic regimen (hydroxyurea, danorubicin, cytarabine, and methotrexate).

Occupational contact dermatitis in painters and varnishers: Data from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), 2000 to 2019.

INTRODUCTION: Painters and varnishers ("painters") are exposed to various contact allergens and skin irritants, and therefore, are at risk for developing occupational dermatitis (OD). OBJECTIVE: To describe the spectrum of occupational sensitizations in painters and revise the corresponding current patch test recommendations. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) data from 2000 to 2019 with focus on male painters with OD, ages 20-59 years (n = 557) in comparison to age-matched male painters without OD (n = 422) and male OD patients who have had never worked as painters (n = 13 862). RESULTS: Male painters with OD have a significantly higher rate of allergic contact dermatitis and face dermatitis than male patients with OD who work in other professions. Positive patch tests to epoxy resin, methylisothiazolinone (MI), and methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/MI were significantly more frequent in painters with OD than in the other groups. Epoxy resin sensitization was significantly associated with face dermatitis. CONCLUSIONS: Epoxy resin, MI, and MCI/MI represent the most important occupational sensitizers in painters. In addition to baseline, resins and glues, and industrial biocides series, the patients' own workplace materials should be tested in painters with suspected OD.