ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Hantaviruses are a group of single-stranded RNA viruses carried by small rodent reservoirs, transmitted to humans through inhalation of aerosolized particles of rodent feces, urine, or saliva. In Panama, the Choclo orthohantavirus has been associated with Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (n = 54) and Hantavirus Fever (n = 53). In 2018, there were 107 cases of hantavirus diseases, the majority in the Tonosí district, and 4 deaths. As there is no vaccine or treatment for hantavirus, proper prevention measures by community members is key to stopping outbreaks. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We investigated hantavirus knowledge, attitudes, and practices in one corregimiento of Tonosí, Panama to determine what factors influence uptake of prevention practices and high level of knowledge. We conducted a cross-sectional survey with 124 residents covering hantavirus knowledge, attitudes based in the Health Belief Model (perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived obstacles, perceived benefits, and cues to action) and prevention practices. There was an overall high level of knowledge (median score: 4/6), though 20% did not know the route of transmission. The mean number of reported practices performed per person was 8.4 (range: 4-12). Most people had heard of hantavirus through other community members. In linear regression, lower perceived obstacles predicted higher preventive practice score. Reported obstacles to preventive practices included physical restrictions, such as age and health state. In ordinal logistic regression, higher education level and knowing more people who had previously been sick with hantavirus contributed to higher knowledge score. CONCLUSIONS: Future interventions should focus on removing barriers to performing preventive practices. As most people learned of hantavirus through community members, interventions should be community-based and involve those who have experienced the disease. Any future education materials should address confusions about route of transmission and be targeted at those with a lower education level.
Subject(s)
Hantavirus Infections/prevention & control , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Hantavirus Infections/epidemiology , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Panama/epidemiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Hantavirus disease in humans is rare but frequently lethal in the Neotropics. Several abundant and widely distributed Sigmodontinae rodents are the primary hosts of Orthohantavirus and, in combination with other factors, these rodents can shape hantavirus disease. Here, we assessed the influence of host diversity, climate, social vulnerability and land use change on the risk of hantavirus disease in Brazil over 24 years. METHODS: Landscape variables (native forest, forestry, sugarcane, maize and pasture), climate (temperature and precipitation), and host biodiversity (derived through niche models) were used in spatiotemporal models, using the 5570 Brazilian municipalities as units of analysis. RESULTS: Amounts of native forest and sugarcane, combined with temperature, were the most important factors influencing the increase of disease risk. Population at risk (rural workers) and rodent host diversity also had a positive effect on disease risk. CONCLUSIONS: Land use change-especially the conversion of native areas to sugarcane fields-can have a significant impact on hantavirus disease risk, likely by promoting the interaction between the people and the infected rodents. Our results demonstrate the importance of understanding the interactions between landscape change, rodent diversity, and hantavirus disease incidence, and suggest that land use policy should consider disease risk. Meanwhile, our risk map can be used to help allocate preventive measures to avoid disease.
Subject(s)
Hantavirus Infections/transmission , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/transmission , Rodentia/virology , Spatio-Temporal Analysis , Zoonoses/virology , Animals , Brazil/epidemiology , Climate , Communicable Diseases, Emerging , Disease Reservoirs/virology , Ecosystem , Farmers , Orthohantavirus , Hantavirus Infections/epidemiology , Hantavirus Infections/prevention & control , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/epidemiology , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/prevention & control , Humans , Public HealthABSTRACT
Andes hantavirus (ANDV) is an etiologic agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), a severe disease characterized by fever, headache, and gastrointestinal symptoms that may progress to hypotension, pulmonary failure, and cardiac shock that results in a 25 to 40% case-fatality rate. Currently, there is no specific treatment or vaccine; however, several studies have shown that the generation of neutralizing antibody (Ab) responses strongly correlates with survival from HCPS in humans. In this study, we screened 27 ANDV convalescent HCPS patient sera for their capacity to bind and neutralize ANDV in vitro. One patient who showed high neutralizing titer was selected to isolate ANDV-glycoprotein (GP) Abs. ANDV-GP-specific memory B cells were single cell sorted, and recombinant immunoglobulin G antibodies were cloned and produced. Two monoclonal Abs (mAbs), JL16 and MIB22, potently recognized ANDV-GPs and neutralized ANDV. We examined the post-exposure efficacy of these two mAbs as a monotherapy or in combination therapy in a Syrian hamster model of ANDV-induced HCPS, and both mAbs protected 100% of animals from a lethal challenge dose. These data suggest that monotherapy with mAb JL16 or MIB22, or a cocktail of both, could be an effective post-exposure treatment for patients infected with ANDV-induced HCPS.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Hantavirus Infections/drug therapy , Hantavirus Infections/prevention & control , Orthohantavirus/physiology , Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology , Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology , Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use , B-Lymphocytes/drug effects , Glycoproteins/immunology , HEK293 Cells , Orthohantavirus/drug effects , Hantavirus Infections/blood , Hantavirus Infections/immunology , Humans , Immunologic Memory/drug effects , Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology , SurvivorsABSTRACT
RESUMEN Objetivo: Asociar el nivel de conocimiento y prácticas (hábitos y costumbres) responsables de la transmisión de Triquinelosis, Síndrome Cardiopulmonar por Hantavirus y Equinococosis quística (Hidatidosis), en habitantes de los sectores rurales. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal en el que se aplicó una encuesta a 149 habitantes residentes en el área rural de las localidades de Curacautín, Lonquimay y Melipeuco, a través de muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, durante los meses de diciembre 2013 a enero 2014. Resultados: La población posee mejores conocimientos de Triquinelosis y Hanta que Hidatidosis, 64,9, 72,8 y 39,3%, respectivamente; los hábitos y costumbres para Hanta e Hidatidosis alcanzan mejores prácticas (84% cada una) que para Triquinelosis (69,5%); la población reconoce correctamente reservorio, fuente de infección y mecanismos de transmisión en Triquinelosis y Hanta, pero en menor grado Hidatidosis; respecto de los hábitos y costumbres, aun desconociendo los fundamentos teóricos, reportan buenas prácticas, aunque mantienen algunas que favorecen la transmisión de infecciones predominantemente en Triquinelosis. Conclusión: El nivel de conocimiento no asegura buenas prácticas, además los conocimientos y prácticas siguen un patrón empírico más que cognitivo, respaldados por aspectos culturales y del entorno. Esto sugiere mayor participación de los equipos interdisciplinarios en comunidades aisladas para fortalecer la promoción, educación y refuerzo de las buenas prácticas de acuerdo con sus condiciones sociales e incentivar la adherencia a conductas que reduzcan el riesgo de la transmisión de zoonosis.
ABSTRACT Objective: To associate the level of knowledge and practices (habits and customs) responsible for the transmission of trichinellosis, Hanta and cystic echinococcosis (hydatidosis), among rural population. Material and method: Cross-sectional correlational descriptive study in which 149 residents of the rural areas of Curacautín, Lonquimay and Melipeuco were surveyed, using non-probability convenience sampling from December 2013 to January 2014. Results: The population has better knowledge of trichinellosis and Hanta than hydatidosis, 64.9%, 72.8 and 39.3% respectively; they also have better practices regarding Hanta and hydatidosis (84% each) than regarding trichinellosis (69.5%). The population recognizes correctly the reservoir, source of infection and transmission mechanisms of trichinellosis and Hanta, and to a lesser degree hydatidosis; they report good practices regarding habits and customs, even ignoring theoretical foundations, but maintain some practices that favor the transmission of infections related to trichinellosis. Conclusion: The level of knowledge does not ensure good practices. Additionally, knowledge and practices follow an empirical rather than cognitive pattern, rooted on cultural and environmental aspects. This suggests greater participation of interdisciplinary teams in isolated communities to strengthen the promotion, education and reinforcement of good practices in accordance with their social conditions and to encourage adherence to behaviors that reduce the risk of the transmission of zoonoses.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Rural Population , Trichinellosis/prevention & control , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Hantavirus Infections/prevention & control , Echinococcosis/prevention & control , Socioeconomic Factors , Trichinellosis/transmission , Zoonoses/prevention & control , Zoonoses/transmission , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Focus Groups , Hantavirus Infections/transmission , Echinococcosis/transmissionABSTRACT
Andes hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, transmitted by Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, has no approved treatment, a case fatality rate of 35%, and documented person-to-person transmission. An Andes vaccine, highly needed for prevention, is in development. We aimed to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding hantavirus disease and willingness to participate in a future Andes vaccine trials through a cross sectional face-to-face oral survey of a randomly selected adult sample from 2 rural communes in southern Chile. Human subjects approval was obtained from our institutional IRBs, and participants signed informed consent. We enrolled 319 subjects from Corral and 321 from Curarrehue; 98% had heard about hantavirus disease and its reservoir but only half knew about transmission, symptoms and prevention. Participants fear the disease but are only partially aware of their own risk. One third of participants reported presence of rodents inside their homes. Despite moderate confidence in their health system, most subjects perceived vaccines as beneficial, and 93% would accept an approved hantavirus vaccine. Half would agree to participate in a vaccine trial and 29% would allow their children to participate. Motivations to participate were mainly altruistic, while risk perception was the main reason for declining. Knowledge about hantavirus disease and prevention practices require reinforcement, and a vaccine trial seems feasible in these populations.
Subject(s)
Clinical Trials as Topic , Hantavirus Infections/epidemiology , Hantavirus Infections/prevention & control , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Vaccination/psychology , Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Animals , Chile/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Orthohantavirus/immunology , Orthohantavirus/pathogenicity , Humans , Interviews as Topic , Male , Middle Aged , Rural Population , Young AdultABSTRACT
This research compared the effectiveness of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) outreach programs in New Mexico, Panama, and Chile. Understanding the role of human demographics, disease ecology, and human behavior in the disease process is critical to the examination of community responses in terms of behavior changes. Attitudes, knowledge, and behavior across three populations were measured through the implementation of a self-administered questionnaire (N = 601). Surveys implemented in Chile and Panama in 2004, followed by northwestern New Mexico in 2008, attempted to assess knowledge and behavior change with respect to hantavirus in high- and lower-risk prevalence areas during endemic periods. While levels of concern over contracting hantavirus were lowest in New Mexico, they were highest in Panama. Respondents in Chile showed mid-level concern and exhibited a tendency to practice proper cleaning methods more than in New Mexico and Panama. This indicates that public health messages appear to be more effective in Chile. However, since negative behavior changes, such as sweeping and vacuuming, occur at some level in all three populations, improved messages should help decrease risk of exposure to HPS.
Subject(s)
Behavior , Hantavirus Infections/epidemiology , Hantavirus Infections/prevention & control , Health Education , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Public Health Administration , Chile/epidemiology , Humans , New Mexico/epidemiology , Panama/epidemiology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Andes virus (ANDV) is responsible for the Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome cases in Argentina and neighboring countries, with moderate to high case-fatality rates. ANDV has some particular features, which make it unique among other members of the Hantavirus genus such as person-to-person transmission and causing a disease similar to Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome in the hamster as an animal model. The kinetics of replication in Vero E6 cells of an ANDV strain isolated in Argentina, called Andes/ARG, was studied. Cytopathic effect and the formation of clear plaques were observed and therefore Andes/ARG could be quantified by classic plaque assay. The Andes/ARG strain was found to be highly lethal in Syrian hamsters allowing experiments to demonstrate the protective potential of vaccines. A recombinant nucleocapsid protein of ANDV induced a long lasting antibody response and protective immunity against a homologous challenge, but to a lower extent against heterologous challenge by the Seoul virus.
Subject(s)
Hantavirus Infections/prevention & control , Orthohantavirus/immunology , Animals , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Chlorocebus aethiops , Cricetinae , Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral , Disease Models, Animal , Orthohantavirus/pathogenicity , Hantavirus Infections/immunology , Hantavirus Infections/mortality , Hantavirus Infections/pathology , Male , Mesocricetus , Seoul virus/immunology , Survival Analysis , Vero Cells , Viral Plaque AssayABSTRACT
The cursor complex is a group within the Akodon genus of South American rodents, formed by Akodon cursor and A. montensis. Correct distinction between these two species is of great importance since they can harbor different Hantavirus strains. These species are only distinguishable by means of karyotypic or internal anatomic features, requiring dissection; recently, some other genetic methods have become available. We developed RAPD markers capable of distinguishing between A. cursor and A. montensis. Samples included 42 individuals of A. cursor from four localities and 16 individuals of A. montensis from two localities. Fifty-five bands, 41 of which were polymorphic, were analyzed. A principal component analysis showed that this set of markers could successfully distinguish between the two species, mainly based on three RAPD bands. The number of bands in each population was compared within a 95% confidence interval as a measure of intraspecific variability. The A. cursor populations were found to have marked genetic structure across the study area (AMOVA; F(ST )= 0.21), which in part might be because of the relatively limited dispersal capabilities of this species. Species-specific bands, with potential for species identification, were identified.
Subject(s)
Arvicolinae/genetics , Disease Reservoirs/veterinary , Hantavirus Infections/veterinary , Polymorphism, Genetic , Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique/methods , Animals , Arvicolinae/anatomy & histology , Arvicolinae/classification , Brazil , Disease Reservoirs/virology , Female , Genetic Markers , Orthohantavirus/pathogenicity , Hantavirus Infections/prevention & control , Hantavirus Infections/transmission , Hantavirus Infections/virology , Karyotyping , Male , Phylogeny , Principal Component Analysis , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
The dawning of the 20th century was marked by the emergence of new infectious disease agents and the appearance of others previously thought controlled. Both phenomena were possibly connected with ecological disturbances that led to the recognition of a dramatic climate change, of which the effects are only now becoming noticeable. Among the variety of agents to be considered, the many new viruses stand out, not only for their numerical proliferation, but also for their genetic versatility. It is this quality that provides them dexterity for evolving new strategies and adaptations to changing environmental conditions. Recently, some of the most ubiquitous and well-publicized viral agents in the American continents have been the rodent-borne viruses, and among these are the hantaviruses, etiological agents of pulmonary syndromes. Approximately 18 hantaviruses (belonging to the family Bunyaviridae), have been discovered in South America during the last 20 years, and although most of them cause persistent infections and subclinical infections in wild rodents (particularly members of the subfamily Sigmodontinae) and humans respectively; some others might also be highly lethal for humans. The goal herein is to review the state of the art regarding general aspects of hantaviruses and the diseases they cause around the world, highlighting the most recent findings in Colombia. Finally, the many unanswered questions will be recognized and highlighted concerning clinical importance and socio-economic impact of these agents on quality of public health in Colombia.
Subject(s)
Communicable Diseases, Emerging , Disease Vectors , Hantavirus Infections , Orthohantavirus , Rodentia/virology , Animals , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Body Fluids/virology , Cell Membrane Permeability , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/transmission , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/virology , Disease Outbreaks , Disease Reservoirs/virology , Endothelial Cells/pathology , Endothelial Cells/virology , Orthohantavirus/classification , Orthohantavirus/isolation & purification , Orthohantavirus/physiology , Orthohantavirus/ultrastructure , Hantavirus Infections/drug therapy , Hantavirus Infections/epidemiology , Hantavirus Infections/prevention & control , Hantavirus Infections/transmission , Hantavirus Infections/veterinary , Hantavirus Infections/virology , Host-Pathogen Interactions , Humans , Integrin beta Chains/physiology , Phylogeny , Receptors, Virus/physiology , Ribavirin/therapeutic use , Rodent Diseases/epidemiology , Rodent Diseases/virology , Sigmodontinae/virology , South America/epidemiology , Virus ReplicationABSTRACT
Hantaviruses are rodent-borne RNA viruses that cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). From the first detection of infection in Brazil in 1993 until 2009, 1161 cases of HPS have been reported, with mortality rates of around approximately 40%. Currently, due to the absence of a vaccine or specific antiviral therapy, the only way to reduce mortality by hantavirus infection is a fast and precise diagnosis that allows for supportive clinical health care. To improve the detection of hantavirus infection, we developed monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against the nucleoprotein (rNDelta85) of the Araucaria hantavirus strain (ARAUV). The specificity of generated Mabs for rNDelta85 was demonstrated by western blot, indirect immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. These are the first monoclonal antibodies to be produced and characterized against the South American hantavirus strain, and may be of special interest in the development of diagnostic assays and epidemiological studies.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal , Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis , Nucleoproteins , Orthohantavirus/immunology , Recombinant Proteins , Animals , Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis , Antibodies, Monoclonal/classification , Antibodies, Viral/classification , Orthohantavirus/classification , Hantavirus Infections/immunology , Hantavirus Infections/prevention & control , Hantavirus Infections/virology , Immunization , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Nucleoproteins/genetics , Nucleoproteins/immunology , Recombinant Proteins/genetics , Recombinant Proteins/immunologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To provide information on hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) knowledge and practices among a cluster of the rural Japanese communities near La Plata in central Argentina, an area with confirmed HPS cases. Particular emphasis was placed on testing the hypothesis that there would be differences between household use of HPS prevention measures based on the head-of-household's knowledge of HPS. METHODS: A questionnaire was designed in three sections: (1) household demographic characteristics, (2) HPS knowledge, and (3) HPS preventive measures. Questionnaires were given to the household head or other adult representing the household at an HPS prevention seminar sponsored by the Japanese Association of La Plata in February 2007. Total HPS knowledge scores were dichotomized into high (equal to or more than the median knowledge score) and low (less than the median). Differences between the two household groups were categorized, according to the degree of HPS knowledge, and analyzed. RESULTS: The 86 households that responded accounted for about 72% of the total study households in the area. The median knowledge score of 5 (range: 0-9, of 10) divided the study households into two groups: high knowledge score group (n = 40) and low knowledge score group (n = 46). The findings suggest an association between a household's accurate HPS knowledge and its respective use of HPS preventive measures. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the study have important implications for taking further steps toward improved HPS management and prevention strategies.
Subject(s)
Hantavirus Infections/prevention & control , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Adult , Aged , Argentina , Female , Humans , Japan/ethnology , Male , Middle Aged , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Objectives. To provide information on hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) knowledge and practices among a cluster of the rural Japanese communities near La Plata in central Argentina, an area with confirmed HPS cases. Particular emphasis was placed on testing the hypothesis that there would be differences between household use of HPS prevention measures based on the head-of-households knowledge of HPS. Methods. A questionnaire was designed in three sections: (1) household demographic characteristics, (2) HPS knowledge, and (3) HPS preventive measures. Questionnaires were givento the household head or other adult representing the household at an HPS prevention seminar sponsored by the Japanese Association of La Plata in February 2007. Total HPS knowledgescores were dichotomized into high (equal to or more than the median knowledge score) and low (less than the median). Differences between the two household groups were categorized,according to the degree of HPS knowledge, and analyzed. Results. The 86 households that responded accounted for about 72% of the total study households in the area. The median knowledge score of 5 (range: 09, of 10) divided the study households into two groups: high knowledge score group (n = 40) and low knowledge scoregroup (n = 46). The findings suggest an association between a households accurate HPS knowledge and its respective use of HPS preventive measures. Conclusions. The findings of the study have important implications for taking further steps toward improved HPS management and prevention strategies.
Objetivos. Documentar los conocimientos y las prácticas relacionadas con el síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus (SPH) en un conglomerado de comunidades rurales japonesas cerca de La Plata, en la parte central de Argentina, una zona con casos confirmados de SPH. Se hizo hincapié especial en probar la hipótesis de que habría diferencias en el empleo de medidas preventivas contra el SPH en los hogares según el nivel de conocimientos del jefe de familia sobre este síndrome. Métodos. Se diseñó un cuestionario con tres secciones: a) características demográficas del núcleo familiar, b) conocimientos sobre el SPH y c) medidas preventivas contra elSPH. Los cuestionarios se aplicaron a los jefes de familia o a algún adulto que representara al núcleo familiar durante un seminario sobre prevención del SPH patrocinado por la Asociación Japonesa de La Plata en febrero de 2007. El conocimiento sobre el SPH se clasificó según su puntuación total en alto (igual o mayor que la mediana de las puntuaciones) y bajo (menor que la mediana). Se analizaron las diferencias entre los dos grupos según el grado de conocimientos sobre el SPH. Resultados. Respondieron representantes de 86 hogares, aproximadamente 72% deltotal de la zona. La mediana de la puntuación fue de 5 (entre 0 y 9 en una escala de 10) y permitió clasificar los hogares en dos grupos: 40 tenían un nivel de conocimientos alto y 46, bajo. Los resultados indicaron una asociación entre los conocimientos correctos sobreel SPH en un hogar y el empleo de medidas preventivas contra el SPH en ese hogar. Conclusiones. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones importantes para emprender accionesdirigidas a mejorar el control y la prevención del SPH.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Hantavirus Infections/prevention & control , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Argentina , Japan/ethnology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to inventory the species of small mammals in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on regurgitated pellets of the barn owl and to compare the frequency of rodent species in the diet and in the environment. Since in the region there is a high incidence of hantavirus infection, we also evaluate the importance of the barn owl in the control of rodents that transmit the hantavirus. Data on richness and relative abundance of rodents in the municipality were provided by the Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, from three half-yearly samplings with live traps. In total, 736 food items were found from the analysis of 214 pellets and fragments. Mammals corresponded to 86.0 percent of food items and were represented by one species of marsupial (Gracilinanus agilis) and seven species of rodents, with Calomys tener (70.9 percent) and Necromys lasiurus (6.7 percent) being the most frequent. The proportion of rodent species in barn owl pellets differed from that observed in trap samplings, with Calomys expulsus, C. tener and Oligoryzomys nigripes being consumed more frequently than expected. Although restricted to a single place and based on few individuals, the present study allowed the inventory of eight species of small mammals in Uberlândia. The comparison of the relative frequencies of rodent species in the diet and in the environment indicated selectivity. The second most preyed upon species was N. lasiurus, the main hantavirus reservoir in the Cerrado biome. In this way, the barn owl might play an important role in the control of this rodent in the region, contributing to the avoidance of a higher number of cases of hantavirus infection.
O objetivo deste estudo foi inventariar as espécies de pequenos mamíferos em Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil, com base em pelotas regurgitadas de suindara e comparar a freqüência das espécies de roedores na dieta e no ambiente. Como na região ocorre grande incidência de casos de hantavirose, também se avaliou a importância da suindara no controle de roedores que transmitem o hantavírus. Os dados de riqueza e abundância relativa de roedores no município foram fornecidos pelo Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, a partir de três amostragens semestrais com armadilhas. No total, foram encontrados 736 itens alimentares a partir da análise de 214 pelotas e fragmentos de regurgitação. Os mamíferos corresponderam a 86,0 por cento dos itens alimentares e estiveram representados por uma espécie de marsupial (Gracilinanus agilis) e sete espécies de roedores, sendo os mais freqüentes Calomys tener (70,9 por cento) e Necromys lasiurus (6,7 por cento). A proporção das espécies de roedores nas pelotas da suindara diferiu daquela observada nas coletas com armadilhas, sendo que as espécies Calomys expulsus, C. tener e Oligoryzomys nigripes foram consumidas com maior freqüência do que o esperado. Apesar de restrito a um único local e baseado em poucos indivíduos, o presente estudo permitiu inventariar oito espécies de pequenos mamíferos em Uberlândia. A comparação da freqüência relativa das espécies de roedores na dieta e no ambiente indicou a existência de seletividade. A segunda espécie mais predada foi N. lasiurus, o principal reservatório de hantavírus no bioma Cerrado. Desta forma, a suindara parece desempenhar um importante papel no controle desse roedor na região, contribuindo para evitar um maior número de casos de hantavirose.
Subject(s)
Animals , Disease Reservoirs/classification , Hantavirus Infections , Marsupialia/classification , Predatory Behavior/physiology , Rodentia/classification , Strigiformes/physiology , Brazil , Hantavirus Infections/prevention & control , Hantavirus Infections/transmission , Population DensityABSTRACT
Viral meningitis, hantavirus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections are used as examples to demonstrate that important shortcomings and limitations exist in Chile to study the epidemiology of infectious diseases with modern methods. The lack of a national network of well-connected local and national microbiology laboratories is one of these important shortcomings. The author summarizes the evolution of the systems and institutions that deal with the infectious diseases in the world and in Chile.