ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To quantify the burden of communicable diseases and characterize the most reported infections during public health emergency of floods in Pakistan. METHODS: The study's design is a descriptive trend analysis. The study utilized the disease data reported to District Health Information System (DHIS2) for the 12 most frequently reported priority diseases under the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) system in Pakistan. RESULTS: In total, there were 1,532,963 suspected cases during August to December 2022 in flood-affected districts (n = 75) across Pakistan; Sindh Province reported the highest number of cases (n = 692,673) from 23 districts, followed by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) (n = 568,682) from 17 districts, Balochistan (n = 167,215) from 32 districts, and Punjab (n = 104,393) from 3 districts. High positivity was reported for malaria (79,622/201,901; 39.4%), followed by acute diarrhea (non-cholera) (23/62; 37.1%), hepatitis A and E (47/252; 18.7%), and dengue (603/3245; 18.6%). The crude mortality rate was 11.9 per 10 000 population (1824/1,532,963 [deaths/cases]). CONCLUSION: The study identified acute respiratory infection, acute diarrhea, malaria, and skin diseases as the most prevalent diseases. This suggests that preparedness efforts and interventions targeting these diseases should be prioritized in future flood response plans. The study highlights the importance of strengthening the IDSR as a Disease Early Warning System through the implementation of the DHIS2.
Subject(s)
Floods , Health Information Systems , Pakistan/epidemiology , Humans , Floods/statistics & numerical data , Health Information Systems/statistics & numerical data , Health Information Systems/trends , Mortality/trends , Communicable Diseases/mortality , Communicable Diseases/epidemiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Health information systems (HIS) are a pivotal element in epidemiological surveillance. In Brazil, malaria persists as a public health challenge, with 99% of its occurrences concentrated in the Amazon region, where cases are reported through the HIS Sivep-Malaria. Recent technological advancements indicate that case notifications can be expedited through more efficient systems with broader coverage. The objective of this study is to analyse opportunities for notification within Sivep-Malaria and explore the implementation of mobile electronic devices and applications to enhance the performance of malaria case notifications and use. METHODS: This descriptive study analyses data on malaria-positive cases in the Brazilian Amazon from 2004 to 2022. Malaria Epidemiological Surveillance System (Sivep-Malaria) data were used. The Brazilian Amazon region area is approximately 5 million km2 across nine different states in Brazil. Data entry opportunities were assessed by considering the time difference between the 'date of data entry' and the 'date of notification.' Descriptive statistics, including analyses of means and medians, were conducted across the entire Amazon region, and for indigenous population villages and gold mining areas. RESULTS: Between 2004 and 2022, 6,176,878 new malaria cases were recorded in Brazil. The average data entry opportunity throughout the period was 17.9 days, with a median of 8 days. The most frequently occurring value was 1 day, and 99% of all notifications were entered within 138 days, with 75.0% entered within 20 days after notification. The states with the poorest data entry opportunities were Roraima and Tocantins, with averages of 31.3 and 31.0 days, respectively. For indigenous population villages and gold mining areas, the median data entry opportunities were 23 and 15 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In malaria elimination, where surveillance is a primary strategy for evaluating each reported case, reducing notification time, enhancing data quality and being able to follow-up cases through computerized reports offer significant benefits for cases investigation. Technological improvements in Sivep-Malaria could yield substantial benefits for malaria control in Brazil, aiding the country in achieving disease elimination and fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals.
Subject(s)
Malaria , Brazil/epidemiology , Malaria/prevention & control , Malaria/epidemiology , Humans , Disease Notification/statistics & numerical data , Disease Notification/methods , Disease Eradication/statistics & numerical data , Disease Eradication/methods , Epidemiological Monitoring , Health Information Systems/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiology, surgical complications, and long-term outcomes after tracheostomy in pediatric oncology and/or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients in U.S. Children's Hospitals. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort from the Pediatric Health information System (PHIS) database, 2009-2020. SETTING: The PHIS dataset incorporates data from 48 pediatric hospitals in the Children's Hospital Association. PATIENTS: Patients 0-21 years old with an oncologic diagnosis and/or underwent HSCT, received a tracheostomy, and were discharged from hospital between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2020. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: There were 1061 patients included in the dataset, and 217 (20.5%) had undergone HSCT. The annual prevalence in tracheostomy usage did not change over the study period. The majority of patients (62.2%) underwent tracheostomy early (< 30 d) in the admission and those who underwent the procedure later (> 90 d) had a significant increase in mortality (52.6% vs. 17.6%; p < 0.001) and mechanical ventilation (MV) at discharge (51.9% vs. 24.5%; p < 0.001) compared with the early tracheostomy patients. Complications reported included tracheostomy site bleeding (< 1%) and infection (24%). The overall rate of MV at discharge was 32.6% and significantly associated with chronic lung (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.54; 95% CI, 1.03-2.32) and acute lung disease (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.19-3.98). The overall rate of mortality was 19.6% within the cohort and significantly associated with HSCT (OR, 5.45; 95% CI, 3.88-7.70), diagnosis of sepsis (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.28-3.41), and requirement for renal replacement therapy (OR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.58-4,83). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated a static prevalence of tracheostomy placement in the cohort population relative to the increasing trends in other reported groups. Regardless of underlying diagnosis, the study patients incurred substantial morbidity and mortality. However, tracheostomy specific complication rates were comparable with that of the general pediatric population and were not associated with increased odds of mortality within this population.
Subject(s)
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Tracheostomy , Humans , Tracheostomy/adverse effects , Tracheostomy/statistics & numerical data , Tracheostomy/methods , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/mortality , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods , Child , Child, Preschool , Infant , Male , Adolescent , Female , Retrospective Studies , Young Adult , Infant, Newborn , Neoplasms/mortality , Neoplasms/surgery , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , United States/epidemiology , Databases, Factual , Health Information Systems/statistics & numerical data , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Pediatric/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Objetivo: Nos últimos anos, a epidemia de HIV tem incidido consideravelmente e de forma silenciosa na população de mulheres gestantes, sobretudo devido à subnotificação, ao diagnóstico tardio e à negligência quanto à realização de teste anti-HIV pelas infectadas. Diante disso, este estudo tem por objetivo descrever o perfil clínico e epidemiológico de gestantes que vivem com HIV na Macrorregião Sul de Saúde de Santa Catarina. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, ana- lítico, retrospectivo, com base em dados secundários retirados das plataformas Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan) e Sistema de Monitora- mento Clínico das Pessoas Vivendo com HIV/AIDS (SIMC), acerca de gestantes que vivem com HIV na Macrorregião Sul de Saúde de Santa Catarina, no período entre 2019 e 2022. Resultados: A partir dos dados sociodemográficos, obteve-se um perfil epidemiológico prevalente de mulheres com idade entre 30 e 49 anos, brancas, com baixo nível de escolaridade e entre 1 a 13 semanas de gestação no momento da notificação de infecção por HIV. O perfil clínico apontou para a prevalência de mulheres em uso de terapia antirretroviral, com carga viral acima de 1.000 cópias/ mL e contagem de linfócitos T-CD4+ superior a 350 células/mm3. Conclusão: Apesar do baixo nível de escolaridade e da elevada carga viral, o resultado foi positivo para a população selecionada, uma vez que foi demonstrada boa adesão ao tra- tamento e alta contagem de linfócitos, sendo esses bons preditores de evolução clínica para o HIV.
Objective: In recent years, the HIV epidemic has significantly and silently affected the population of pregnant women, mainly due to underreporting, late diagnosis, and neglect of HIV testing among infected individuals. In light of this, the aim of this study is to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of pregnant women living with HIV in the Southern Health Macroregion of Santa Catarina. Methods: This is an ecological, analytical, retrospective study based on secondary data retrieved from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (Sinan) and the Clinical Monitoring System for People Living with HIV/ AIDS (SIMC), regarding pregnant women living with HIV in the Southern Health Macroregion of Santa Catarina from 2019 to 2022. Results: Based on sociodemographic data, a prevalent epidemiological profile was identified, with women aged 30 to 49 years, white, with low educational level, and between 1 to 13 weeks of gestation at the time of HIV infection notifica- tion. The clinical profile revealed a prevalence of women on antiretroviral therapy, with a viral load above 1,000 copies/ mL and a T-CD4+ lymphocyte count above 350 cells/mm3. Conclusion: Despite the low educational level and high viral load, the outcome was positive for the selected population, as good treatment adherence and high lymphocyte count were demonstrated, both of which are good predictors of clinical progression for HIV.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Health Profile , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Medical Records/statistics & numerical data , Public Health/statistics & numerical data , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods , Delayed Diagnosis , Health Information Systems/statistics & numerical data , Maternal Health/statistics & numerical data , HIV TestingABSTRACT
Introdução:As intoxicações exógenas têm sido um importante problema de saúde pública, em decorrência da sua elevada frequência, morbidade e complexidade. Objetivo:Analisar o perfil de intoxicação exógena no estado da Bahia durante o período de 2012 a 2021, utilizando como base de informações as notificações disponíveis no Sistema de Informação de Agravo e Notificação. Metodologia:Estudo transversal, descritivo, retrospectivo, de série temporal, com abordagem quantitativa, utilizando dados secundários de natureza pública disponibilizados pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Foram analisadas informações sobre as intoxicações exógenas no estado da Bahia no período temporal de 2010 a 2021.O total de notificações, total de notificações por ano, sexo, raça, faixa etária e escolaridade foram avaliados. A circunstância da intoxicação, o agente tóxico, os critérios de confirmação dos casos, tipo de exposição e a evolução dos casos também foram investigados. Resultados:No período temporalanalisado,foram notificados um total de 46.187 casos de intoxicação exógena no estado da Bahia, com destaque para região leste do estado (43,26%). 55,21% dos indivíduos eram do sexo feminino, parda (46,52%), com faixa etária de 20 a 39 anos (41,71%), e com ensino médio completo (5,76%). A maioria dos casos aconteceram mediante a tentativas de suicídio (30,68%), tendo como principais agentes tóxicos o uso de medicamentos (36,39%). Grande partedos casos foram confirmados mediante ao estado clínico (53,01%). As intoxicações aguda-única apareceram em maior proporção (53,05%). 1,15% dos pacientes notificados foram a óbito. Conclusões:As intoxicações exógenas consistem em um importante problema desaúde pública para o estado da Bahia, reiterando dessa forma, a importância da adoção de medidas preventivas (AU).
Introduction:Exogenous intoxications have been an important public health problem, due to their high frequency, morbidity and complexity. Objective:To analyze the profile of exogenous intoxication in the state of Bahia during the period from 2012 to 2021, using the notifications available in the Grievance and Notification Information System as a basis for information. Methodology:Cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective, time-series study, with a quantitative approach, using secondary data of a public nature made available by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Information on exogenous intoxications in the state of Bahia in the time period from 2010 to 2021 was conducted. The total number of notifications, total number of notifications per year, sex, race, age group and education were evaluated. The circumstance of intoxication, the toxic agent, the criteria for confirming the cases, the type of exposure and the evolution of the cases were also investigated. Results:In the time period analyzed, a total of 46,187 cases of exogenous intoxication were reported in the state of Bahia, with emphasis on the eastern region of the state (43.26%). 55.21% of the individuals were female, brown (46.52%), aged between 20 and 39 years (41.71%), and with complete secondary education (5.76%). Most cases occurred through suicide attempts (30.68%), with the use of medication as the main toxic agents (36.39%). Most cases were confirmed based on the clinical status (53.01%). Acute-single intoxications appeared in a greater proportion (53.05%). 1.15% of the notified patients died. Conclusions:Exogenous intoxications are an important public health problem for the state of Bahia, thus reiterating the importance of adopting preventive measures (AU).
Introducción:Las intoxicaciones exógenas hansido un importante problema de salud pública, por su alta frecuencia, morbilidad y complejidad.Objetivo:Analizar el perfil de las intoxicaciones exógenas en el estado de Bahía durante el período de 2012 a 2021, utilizando como base de información las notificaciones disponibles en el Sistema de Información de Quejas y Notificaciones.Metodología:Estudio transversal, descriptivo, retrospectivo, de serie temporal, con abordaje cuantitativo, utilizando datos secundarios de carácter público puestos a disposición por el Ministerio de Salud de Brasil. Se realizó información sobre intoxicaciones exógenas en el estado de Bahía en el período de 2010 a 2021. Se evaluó el número total de notificaciones, el número total de notificaciones por año, el sexo, la raza, elgrupo de edad y la educación. También se investigó la circunstancia de intoxicación, el agente tóxico, los criterios de confirmación de los casos, el tipo de exposición y la evolución de los casos. Resultados:En el período de tiempo analizado, se notificaron un total de 46.187 casos de intoxicación exógena en el estado de Bahía, con énfasis en la región este del estado (43,26%). El 55,21% de los individuos eran del sexo femenino, morenos (46,52%), con edad entre 20 y 39 años (41,71%) y con enseñanza secundaria completa (5,76%). La mayoría de los casos ocurrieron por intento de suicidio (30,68%), siendo el uso de medicamentos el principal agente tóxico (36,39%). La mayoría de los casos se confirmaron en base al estado clínico (53,01%). Las intoxicaciones agudas-simples se presentaron en mayor proporción (53,05%). Falleció el 1,15% de los pacientes notificados.Conclusiones:Las intoxicaciones exógenas son un importante problema de salud pública para el estado de Bahía, lo que reitera la importancia de adoptar medidas preventivas (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Poisoning , Public Health , Health Information Systems/statistics & numerical data , Secondary Data AnalysisABSTRACT
Objective: to describe the completeness of notifications of accidents involving venomous animals held on the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System (SINAN), in Brazil and its macro-regions, from 2007 to 2019. Methods: we analyzed essential and non-mandatory fields for snakebite, spider bite and scorpion sting notifications, considering the following completeness categories: Excellent (≤ 5.0% incompleteness), Good (5.0% to 10.0%), Regular (10.0% to 20.0%), Poor (20.0% ≤ 50.0%) and Very Poor (> 50.0%). Proportional change in completeness between 2007 and 2019 was estimated. Results: 1,871,462 notifications were investigated. The "localized manifestations", "systemic manifestations", "case classification", "case progression" and "zone of occurrence" fields had excellent or good completeness. Completeness was regular or poor for the "schooling" and "race/color" fields. The "occupation" field was predominantly poorly or very poorly filled in. There was a proportional worsening in completeness ((VP < 0) in most regions for the "zone of occurrence", "case progression" and "schooling" fields. Conclusion: completeness of most fields improved, although socioeconomic and occupational fields require more attention.
Objetivo: describir la completitud de las notificaciones de envenenamiento por serpientes, arañas y escorpiones en el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración - Sinan, en Brasil y regiones, de 2007 a 2019. Métodos: se analizaron campos esenciales y no obligatorios para las notificaciones de ofidismo, aracneismo y escorpionismo, considerando las categorías de completitud: Excelente (≤ 5,0% de incompletitud), Buena (5,0% a 10,0%), Regular (10,0% a 20,0%), Mala (20,0% ≤ 50,0%) y Muy mala (> 50,0%). Se estimó el cambio proporcional en la completitud entre 2007-2019. Resultados: se investigaron 1.871.462 notificaciones. Los campos "manifestaciones locales y sistémicas", "zona de ocurrencia", "clasificación y evolución de casos" presentaron excelente o buena completitud. "Escolaridad" y "raza/color de piel" regular o mala completitud. "Ocupación" fue predominantemente mala/muy mala completitud. "Zona","evolución" y "escolaridad" mostraron empeoramiento proporcional en la completitud en la mayoría de las regiones ((VP < 0). Conclusión: hay mejoría y completitud en la mayoría de los campos, aunque los campos socioeconómico y ocupacional demandan atención.
Objetivo: descrever a completude das notificações de acidentes causados por animais peçonhentos no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, no Brasil e macrorregiões, em 2007-2019. Métodos: analisou-se a completude de campos de preenchimento essenciais e não obrigatórios das notificações de ofidismo, araneísmo e escorpionismo, utilizando-se a classificação de "Excelente" (≤ 5,0% de incompletude), "Bom" (5,0% a 10,0%), "Regular" (10,0% a 20,0%), "Ruim" (20,0% e ≤ 50,0%) e "Muito ruim" (> 50,0%); estimou- -se a variação proporcional (VP) da completude. Resultados: foram investigadas 1.871.462 notificações; os campos "manifestações locais", "sistêmicas", "classificação do caso", "evolução do caso" e "zona de ocorrência" apresentaram completude excelente ou boa; "escolaridade" e "raça/cor da pele", completude regular ou ruim; ocupação, completude ruim ou muito ruim; "zona", "evolução do caso" e "escolaridade" apresentaram piora proporcional na completude, na maioria das regiões ((VP < 0). Conclusão: melhorou a completude na maioria dos campos, exceto socioeconômicos e ocupacionais, que demandam maior atenção.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Bites and Stings/epidemiology , Health Information Systems/statistics & numerical data , Data Accuracy , Spider Bites , Snake Bites , Brazil/epidemiology , Scorpion Stings , Animals, PoisonousABSTRACT
Objetivo: identificar a proporção de violência autoprovocada em adultos em relação aos casos notificados no Espírito Santo no período de 2011-2018 e sua associação com características individuais e do evento. Métodos: estudo transversal, realizado com dados dos casos notificados de violência do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) do Espírito Santo, entre 2011 e 2018. A população de interesse foi de indivíduos na faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos. O desfecho foi violência autoprovocada. Características individuais e do evento foram as variáveis independentes. Realizou-se análise bivariada e multivariada apresentadas em razão de prevalência bruta e ajustada. Resultados: a proporção de violência autoprovocada notificada foi de 29,6% no período estudado. Considerando o montante de casos de violência notificados, foram verificadas associações de violência autoprovocada com sexo feminino, ter idade 20 a 29 anos, apresentar maior escolaridade, deficiência ou transtorno mental, residência como local de ocorrência, suspeita de uso de álcool e ausência de história de ocorrência anterior. Conclusão: as variáveis relacionadas ao indivíduo e ao ambiente da ocorrência estão associadas a violência autoprovocada, indicando um perfil específico para estes casos de violência em relação ao conjunto das notificações.
Objective: identify the proportion of self-inflicted violence in adults in relation to reported cases in Espírito Santo in the period 2011-2018 and its association with individual and event characteristics. Methods: cross-sectional study, conducted with data from reported cases of violence from the Brazilian Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) of Espírito Santo, between 2011 and 2018. The population of interest was individuals in the aged between 20 and 59 years. The outcome variable was self-inflicted violence. The individual and event characteristics were the independent variables. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed and presented in relation to the crude and adjusted prevalence ratio. Results: the proportion of self-inflicted violence reported was 29.6% in the period studied. Considering the number of reported cases of violence, associations of self-inflicted violence were verified with the female gender, age range of 20 to 29 years, higher education, disability or mental disorder, residence as place of occurrence, suspected alcohol use, and no history of previous event occurrence. Conclusion: the variables related to the individual and the environment of the occurrence are associated with self-inflicted violence, indicating a specific profile for these cases of violence in relation to the set of notifications
Objetivo: identificar la proporción de violencia autoinflingida de adultos en relación a casos informados en Espírito Santo en período 2011-2018 y su asociación con características individuales y del evento. Métodos: estudio transversal, realizado sobre datos de los casos informados de violencia del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Notificación Obligatoria (SINAN, acorde sigla en portugués) de Espírito Santo, entre 2011 y 2018. La población de interés corresponde a individuos en faja etaria de 20 a 59 años. El desenlace refiere a violencia autoinflingida. Las características individuales y del evento fueron las variables independientes. Se realizó análisis bivariado y multivariado, expresados en razón de prevalencia bruta y ajustada. Resultados: la proporción de violencia autoinflingida informada fue del 29,6% en el período estudiado. Considerando la cantidad de casos de violencia notificados, fueron verificadas asociaciones de violencia autoinflingida con sexo femenino, edad de 20 a 29 años, tener mayor escolarización, deficiencia o trastorno mental, domicilio como lugar de ocurrencia, sospecha de abuso de alcohol y ausencia de historial de ocurrencia previa. Conclusión: las variables relacionadas al individuo y al ámbito de ocurrencia están asociadas a violencia autoinflingida, indicando un perfil específico para estos casos de violencia en relación al conjunto de notificaciones.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Self-Injurious Behavior/epidemiology , Health Information Systems/statistics & numerical data , Morbidity , MortalityABSTRACT
A conformidade entre as fontes de dados sobre diabetes mellitus (DM) e hipertensão arterial (HA) é fundamental para medidas de vigilância. Neste aspecto, pretende Avaliar se há uniformidade entre os dados de prevalência de DM e HA no Estado de Goiás a partir de duas diferentes fontes de acesso a esses dados. Casuística e métodos: Comparação entre os dados do Levantamento de Hipertensão e Diabetes do estado de Goiás 2021 (LHD) e do banco de dados da Estratégia e-SUS Atenção Básica (e-SUS AB) com relação ao número de indivíduos cadastrados na rede de atenção primária à saúde com os diagnósticos de DM e HA. Resultados: Em Goiás, a diferença entre o número absoluto de indivíduos com diagnóstico de DM e HA pelo LHD e pelo e-SUS AB foi de 46,56% e de 27%, respectivamente (p <0,001). A diferença entre os dados foi maior que 50% para o diagnóstico de DM em 104 municípios e para HA em 94 municípios. Discussão: As divergências encontradas podem estar relacionadas a fatores como a qualidade dos dados fornecidos pela população, duplicidade de registros, problemas técnicos relacionados à internet e ao software e dificuldades na integração entre os sistemas de informação. Demonstra-se a necessidade de padronização de registros e uniformização dos dados para o fortalecimento de ações de vigilância. Concluiu que há inconsistências entre os dados sobre o número de indivíduos cadastrados com os diagnósticos de DM e HA a partir do LHD e e-SUS AB em grande parte dos municípios do Estado de Goiás
Introduction: Conformity between data sources on diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (H) is critical for surveillance measures. Objective: To assess whether there is uniformity between data on the prevalence of DM and H in the State of Goiás, based on two different sources of access to these data. Material and methods: A comparison was made between the data from the 2021 Hypertension and Diabetes Survey of the State of Goiás (LHD) and the data from the e-SUS Primary Care Strategy (e-SUS AB) database about the number of people who had hypertension or diabetes. RESULTS: In Goiás, the difference between the absolute number of individuals diagnosed with DM and H according to data from the LHD and e-SUS AB was 46.56% and 27%, respectively (p <0.001). The difference between the data was greater than 50% for the diagnosis of DM in 104 municipalities and for H in 94 municipalities. Discussion: The differences found may be related to the quality of personal data provided by the population, duplicate records, obstacles in using the software or the internet, difficulties in integrating information systems. The findings demonstrate the necessity of establishing standardized records for data related to these diseases in order to strengthen surveillance actions. Conclusion: There are inconsistencies between the data on the number of individuals registered as having DM and H from the LHD and e-SUS AB in most municipalities in the State of Goiás
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Hypertension/epidemiology , Diseases Registries/statistics & numerical data , Health Information Systems/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Descrever os casos suspeitos de sarampo e rubéola notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan), Brasil, 2007 a 2016. Métodos: Os dados foram extraídos do Sinan, referentes aos anos de 2007 a 2016. As variáveis utilizadas foram os números de notificações de casos de sarampo e rubéola por regiões e ano, idade, sexo, hospitalização, estado gestacional, histórico vacinal, realização de bloqueio vacinal, coletas sorológicas (S1 e S2), sinais e sintomas, investigação adequada, critério de confirmação ou descarte e classificação final do caso. Resultados: Entre 2007 e 2016 houve 127.802 casos suspeitos de sarampo e rubéola notificados. Aproximadamente 92% dos casos foram investigados, a maioria em menores de cinco anos. Os sintomas mais frequentes foram tosse (40%) e coriza (38%). Como instrumento de vigilância foi coletado sangue para confirmação laboratorial em 87% das notificações. A maioria dos casos de sarampo ocorreu entre os anos de 2011 e 2015, relacionados a casos importados, totalizando 1.443 casos; para rubéola, 10.125 casos foram confirmados. Foram descartados 1,3% (1.698/127.802) e 5,1% (6.555/127.802) das notificações de sarampo e rubéola, respectivamente. Foram ignorados 9% (11.523/127.802) para sarampo e 49% (62.978/127.802) para rubéola. Conclusão: A vigilância dos casos de doenças exantemáticas permitiu demonstrar a situação dos casos de doenças exantemáticas circulantes no país como importante ferramenta de saúde pública. O grande número de casos descartados classificados como ignorados merece atenção, no sentido de melhorar o encerramento dos casos suspeitos notificados
To describe the suspected cases of measles and rubella notified in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (Sinan), Brazil, from 2007 to 2016. Methods: Data were extracted from Sinan referring to the years 2007 to 2016. The variables used were the number of notifications of measles and rubella cases by region and year, age, gender, hospitalization, gestational status, vaccination history, vaccination blockade, serological collections (S1 and S2), signs and symptoms, adequate investigation, confirmation criteria or disposal and final case classification. Results: Between 2007 and 2016, there were 127,802 suspected cases of measles and rubella reported. Approximately 92% of cases were investigated, mostly in children under five years of age. The most frequent symptoms were cough (40%) and runny nose (38%). As a surveillance tool, blood was collected for laboratory confirmation in 87% of notifications. Most Measles cases occurred between 2011 and 2015, related to imported cases, totaling 1,443 cases; for Rubella 10,125 cases were confirmed. 1.3% (1,698/127,802) and 5.1% (6,555/127,802) of measles and rubella notifications, respectively, were discarded. 9% (11,523/127,802) for measles and 49% (62,978/127,802) for rubella were ignored. Conclusion: Surveillance of cases of exanthematous diseases allowed demonstrating the situation of cases of exanthematous diseases circulating in the country as an important public health tool. The large number of discarded cases classified as ignored deserves attention, in order to improve the closing of notified suspected cases
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Rubella/epidemiology , Exanthema , Epidemiological Monitoring , Measles/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Vaccination Coverage , Health Information Systems/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Rocky Mountain spotted fever is a tick-borne rickettsiosis. The main clinical signs and symptoms are fever, severe headache, rashes and myalgia. It is considered difficult to diagnose and underreported. The study aims to descriptively analyze the epidemiology of cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in Brazil from 2010 to 2021. This is a retrospective cohort study that statisticall analyzes the cases of spotted fever in Brazil between 2010 and 2020 through data obtained by the Information System of Notifiable Diseases. The proportions of spotted fever cases were calculated according to: sex, age, race/color, infection environment and evolution. There are 1967 cases were confirmed. The regions with the most cases were the Southeast (n%=72.24) and the South (n%=24). However, there are 4 deaths in the south while the lethality coefficient from the southeast is 47.78%. The most affected age group was 40-59 years old (n%=34.87), and 20-39 years old (n%=28.98). 71.17% of the cases are male. As for color/race, 60% of the cases are in whites. As for the infection environment, 35.23% are at home, 15.3% are at work, 26.13% are leisure places. The prevalence in males and the predominant age group 20-59 years can be linked to work activity, which leaves hem more exposed to ticks. The high numbers in adulthood can also be related to ecotourism. The lethality of the disease differs between the South and Southeast regions. One explanation for this phenomenon would be the different etiological agents, R. rickettsi, predominant in the Southeast, generating more severe clinical conditions.
A febre maculosa é uma riquetsiose transmitida por carrapatos. Os principais sinais e sintomas clínicos são febre, cefaleia intensa, erupções cutâneas e mialgia. É considerada de difícil diagnóstico e subnotificada. O estudo visa analisar descritivamente a epidemiologia dos casos de febre maculosa do Brasil no período de 2010 até 2021. Trata-se de um estudo de coorte retrospectivo que analisa estatisticamente os casos de febre maculosa no Brasil entre 2010 e 2020 por meio de dados obtidos pelo Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. As proporções de casos de febre maculosa foram calculadas segundo: sexo, idade, raça/cor, ambiente de infecção e evolução. Foram confirmados 1967 casos. As regiões com mais casos foram Sudeste (n%= 72,24) e Sul (n%= 24). No entanto, há 4 óbitos no Sul enquanto o coeficiente de letalidade do Sudeste é de 47,78%. A faixa etária mais acometida foi de 40 a 59 anos (n%= 34,87) e de 20 a 39 anos (n%= 28,98). 71,17% dos casos são do sexo masculino. Quanto à cor/raça, 60% dos casos são de brancos. Quanto ao ambiente de contágio, 35,23% são em casa, 15,3% são no trabalho, 26,13% são locais de lazer. A prevalência no sexo masculino e a faixa etária predominante de 20 a 59 anos pode estar ligada à atividade laboral, que os deixa mais expostos aos carrapatos. Os altos números na idade adulta também podem estar relacionados ao ecoturismo. A letalidade da doença difere entre as regiões Sul e Sudeste, sendo que uma explicação para esse fenômeno seriam os diferentes agentes etiológicos,
La fiebre maculosa es una rickettsiosis transmitida por garrapatas. Los principales signos y síntomas clínicos son fiebre, cefalea intensa, erupciones cutáneas y mialgias. Se considera difícil de diagnosticar y poco notificada. El estudio tiene como objetivo analizar descriptivamente la epidemiología de los casos de fiebre manchada en Brasil en el período de 2010 a 2021. Se trata de un estudio de cohortes retrospectivo que analiza estadísticamente los casos de fiebre manchada en Brasil entre 2010 y 2020 a través de datos obtenidos del Sistema de Información de Agraves de Notificación. Se calcularon las proporciones de casos de fiebre manchada según: sexo, edad, raza/color, ambiente de infección y evolución. Se confirmaron 1967 casos. Las regiones con más casos fueron el Sudeste (n%= 72,24) y el Sur (n%= 24). Sin embargo, hubo 4 muertes en el Sur, mientras que el coeficiente de letalidad en el Sureste fue del 47,78%. El grupo de edad más afectado fue el de 40 a 59 años (n%= 34,87) y el de 20 a 39 años (n%= 28,98). El 71,17% de los casos eran varones. En cuanto al color/raza, el 60% de los casos son de raza blanca. En cuanto al entorno de la infección, el 35,23% se produce en el domicilio, el 15,3% en el trabajo y el 26,13% en lugares de ocio. La prevalencia en los hombres y el grupo de edad predominante de 20 a 59 años pueden estar relacionados con la actividad laboral, que los deja más expuestos a las garrapatas. El elevado número en la edad adulta también puede estar relacionado con el ecoturismo. La letalidad de la enfermedad difiere entre las regiones Sur y Sudeste, y una explicación para este fenómeno serían los diferentes agentes etiológicos, R. rickettsi, predominante en la región Sudeste, generando cuadros clínicos más severos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever/transmission , Health Services Research/statistics & numerical data , Rural Population , Tick Infestations/parasitology , Brazil/epidemiology , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Health Information Systems/statistics & numerical data , Headache/complicationsABSTRACT
Introdução: A Perda Auditiva Induzida por Ruído (PAIR) é um agravo que acomete os trabalhadores expostos a ruídos e está entre os agravos que devem ser notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Objetivo: Analisar o impacto das ações desenvolvidas pelo Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador (CEREST-DF) em relação às notificações de PAIR no Distrito Federal. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo longitudinal, retrospectivo com base na análise de dados secundários de notificações de PAIR do SINAN-DF, desde sua implementação; foram levantados relatórios dos CEREST-DF sobre as ações desenvolvidas; e análise de documentos dos CEREST procurando pelas ações que foram realizadas sobre PAIR e o impacto que causaram. Resultados: utilizando ações, como: projetos, palestras, busca-ativa, entre outros, o CEREST realiza a prática da educação em saúde, e, com o conhecimento fornecido ao público-alvo, é perceptível o aumento de notificações nos mesmos períodos de realização das ações com os trabalhadores e empregadores. Além disso, a contratação de fonoaudiólogo para a equipe do CEREST também eleva estes números, pois é o profissional envolvido na saúde auditiva de modo geral. Conclusão: A partir deste estudo foi possível observar que as ações do CEREST se refletem no número de notificações de PAIR no SINAN, reduzindo a subnotificação.
Introduction: Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is a hearing impairment that affects workers exposed to loud noises and is one of the conditions that must be reported to the Brazilian Disease Reporting Information System (SINAN). Objective: To analyze the impact of the measures developed by the Reference Centers in Workers' Health (CEREST-DF) in relation to NIHL notifications in the Brazilian Federal District. Methods: A longitudinal, retrospective study was carried out based on the analysis of secondary data of NIHL notifications from SINAN-DF. Since its implementation. CEREST-DF reports were collected on the measures developed and analysis of CEREST documents looking for measures that were carried out with NIHL and the effect they caused. Results: Utilizing educational measures such as projects, lectures, active search, among others CEREST carries out health education, and to target audiences, there was a noticeable increase in notifications in the same periods of these measures being carried out with employees and employers. In addition, a speech therapist was hired by the CEREST team what also helped to increase these numbers, since speech therapists are professionals involved in the health of hearing. Conclusion: This study made it possible to see that the measures carried out by CEREST are reflected in the number of NIHL notifications in SINAN which helped to reduce under-reporting.
Introducción: La Pérdida Auditiva Inducida por Ruido (PAIR) es un problema que afecta a los trabajadores expuestos al ruido y se encuentra entre los problemas que deben ser reportados en el Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN; Sistema de Información Sanitaria Notificable).Objetivo:Analizar si las acciones desarrolladas por el Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador do Distrito Federal (CEREST-DF; Centro de Referencia de Salud Ocupacional) reflejan en el número de notificaciones de PAIR en el DF. Métodos:Se realizó un estudio longitudinal, retrospectivo, basado en el análisis de datos secundarios de notificaciones de PAIR del SINAN-DF, desde su implementación; Se recopilaron informes de CEREST-DF sobre las acciones desarrolladas; y análisis de documentos de CEREST buscando las acciones que se tomaron sobre PAIR y el impacto que causaron. Resultados: Utilizando acciones como: proyectos, conferencias, búsqueda activa, entre otras, CEREST realiza la práctica de educación en salud, y, con el conocimiento proporcionado al público objetivo, se nota el incremento de notificaciones en los mismos períodos de acciones con trabajadores y empleadores. Además, la contratación de un (a) logopeda para el equipo de CEREST también eleva estos números, ya que éste (ésta) es el (la) profesional relacionado (a) con la salud auditiva en general. Conclusión: A partir de este estudio se pudo observar que las acciones de CEREST se reflejan en el número de notificaciones de PAIR en SINAN, reduciendo el subregistro.
Subject(s)
Humans , Disease Notification , Disease Prevention , Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/prevention & control , Occupational Accidents Registry , Retrospective Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Surveillance of the Workers Health , Health Information Systems/statistics & numerical data , Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/epidemiologyABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Routine health information system (RHIS) has been repeatedly updated to provide quality information. However, its timeliness has rarely been tracked. This study investigated the reporting status and the timeliness of quarterly reports of the national RHIS in the Philippines, based on its 19 years-operation in Palawan. METHODS: We analyzed the timeliness of 94.7% (1568/1656) of the quarterly reports that we obtained the date of receipt submitted by 22 health centers in Palawan from 1996 to 2014. The RHIS update in 2008 increased the number of reporting items and extended the submission due date since 2009 while computerized 15 health centers since 2011. We performed Fisher's exact test to examine changing the proportion of timely reports and multiple comparisons with permutation tests for changing the mean of the quarterly median lead times, median delays and interquartile ranges (IQR), for four periods of different operational requirements in the RHIS. RESULTS: The update increased the timely reports from 6.7% (70/1045) to 22.4% (117/523) (p<0.001). The delay remained stable from 14.2 days to 16.1 days (p = 0.654). However, the IQR widened 2.31 times (p = 0.004) compared to 15.7. Despite the increased burden, the continued manual data processing decreased the delay by 7.1 days (p = 0.023) and remained the IQR stable at 1.19 times (p = 0.670), while 15 health centers were computerized, it increased the delay by 6.4 days (p = 0.037) and widened the IQR by 2.87 times (p = 0). CONCLUSIONS: More attention must be paid to controlling the timeliness of RHIS when we introduce new interventions and perform daily management. Extending the due date increased timely reports. However, introducing unfamiliar tasks increased delay and uncertainty in timeliness. In a low-resource setting, an effective intervention needs to consider modest operating procedure changes that extend the existing routines to which the staff in charge has already accustomed.
Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care , Health Information Systems/statistics & numerical data , Community Health Centers , Guidelines as Topic , Humans , Philippines , UncertaintyABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Descrever os casos autoprovocados de violência e de intoxicação exógena aguda ocorridos no Rio Grande do Sul (RS) entre os anos de 2013 e 2017. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal incluindo todos os casos notificados no Sistema de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan) entre 2013 e 2017, selecionados por meio das fichas de violência interpessoal/autoprovocada, por meio da variável lesão provocada, e de investigação de intoxicação exógena, pela variável circunstância da exposição/contaminação. A análise compreendeu a estatística descritiva, o cálculo das prevalências por 100.000 habitantes e a estratificação por sexo conforme características sociodemográficas e clínicas. RESULTADOS: No período proposto, foram notificados 18.544 casos autoprovocados de violência e 5.624 de intoxicação exógena, com predomínio de mulheres (67% e 75,3%), entre 30 e 59 anos (46,4% e 49%), brancas (86% e 86%), com ensino fundamental completo/incompleto (58,3% e 47,3%), residentes em zona urbana/ periurbana (89,2% e 89,6%) e com episódios ocorridos na própria residência (88,8% e 96,6%). Quanto aos métodos de violência empregados, destacaram-se os envenenamentos/intoxicações (39,7%), enforcamentos (13,8%), agentes perfurocortantes (13,6%) e armas de fogo (2,0%). Verificou-se diferença conforme o sexo nas variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas referentes a ambos os agravos, bem como um aumento de 169% e 381,1%, respectivamente, nas prevalências de violência e intoxicação entre os anos de 2013 e 2017. CONCLUSÕES: Evidenciou-se um expressivo e crescente número de casos no estado, com maiores implicações no gênero feminino, importantes diferenças de acordo com sexo e populações mais acometidas, fomentando a necessidade da implementação de medidas preventivas específicas nos grupos vulneráveis.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the self-inflicted cases of violence and acute exogenous intoxication occurred in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) between 2013 and 2017. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including all cases reported in the Notifiable Diseases System between 2013 and 2017, selected through the forms of interpersonal/self-infliged, through the variable caused injury, and through the investigation of exogenous intoxication, due to the variable circumstances of exposure/contamination. The analysis included descriptive statistics, calculation of prevalences per 100.000 and stratification by sex according to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: In the proposed period, 18.544 cases of violence and 5.624 cases of exogenous intoxication self-infliged were reported, with a predominance of women (67% and 75,3%), between 30 and 59 years old (46,4% and 49%), white (86% and 86%), with complete/incomplete elementary education (58,3% and 47,3%), living in urban/periurban areas (89,2% and 89,6%) and with episodes occurring at their own residence (88,8% and 96,6%). About the methods of violence used, poisonings/intoxications (39,7%), hangings (13,8%), sharp objects (13,6%) and firearms (2%) stood out. There was a difference according to sex in the sociodemographic and clinical variables referring to both diseases, as well as an increase of 169% and 381,1% in prevalences of violence and intoxication, between 2013 and 2017. CONCLUSIONS: An expressive and growing number of cases in the state, with greater implications for females, important differences according to sex and most affected populations, encourages the need to implement specific preventive measures in vulnerable groups.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Poisoning/epidemiology , Suicide, Attempted/statistics & numerical data , Violence/psychology , Health Information Systems/statistics & numerical data , Sex Factors , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Objetivo: analisar os casos de Síndrome da Rubéola Congênita notificados no Brasil durante o período de 1990 a 2016. Método: estudo transversal realizado no Brasil, cuja amostra foi de 122 casos notificados com Síndrome da Rubéola Congênita. Os dados foram disponibilizados pelo Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. A coleta de dados foi realizada durante os meses de fevereiro e março de 2021. O tratamento dos dados se deu por análise estatística uni-variada. Resultados: observa-se prevalência no Estado de São Paulo cuja capital apresentou o maior número destas notificações. O ano em que houve prevalência do diagnóstico foi em 2008 e o mês de maior notificação foi dezembro. Todos os pacientes apresentavam idade menor que um ano, sexo feminino, com confirmação final para a doença por meio de critérios laboratoriais, e evolução para a cura. Conclusão: a idade apresentou significância no estudo. A terapêutica mostrou-se eficiente para um melhor prognóstico de cura, bem como a vacinação como medida preventiva.(AU)
Objective: to analyze the cases of Congenital Rubella Syndrome notified in Brazil from 1990 to 2016. Method: cross-sectional study conducted in Brazil, whose sample consisted of 122 cases notified with Congenital Rubella Syndrome. Data were made available by the Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. Data collection was conducted during February and March 2021. The data were processed using univariate statistical analysis. Results: prevalence was observed in the state of São Paulo, whose capital city had the highest number of these notifications. The year in which there was prevalence of the diagnosis was 2008, and the month of greatest notification was December. All patients were less than one year old, female, with final confirmation of the disease through laboratory criteria, and progression to cure. Conclusion: Age was significant in this study. Therapy proved to be efficient for a better prognosis of cure, as well as vaccination as a preventive measure.(AU)
Objetivo: analizar los casos de Síndrome de Rubéola Congénita notificados en Brasil entre 1990 a 2016. Método: estudio transversal realizado en Brasil, cuya muestra fue 122 casos notificados con Síndrome de Rubéola Congénita. Los datos fueron facilitados por el Departamento de Informática del Sistema Único de Salud. La recogida de datos se realizó durante los meses de febrero y marzo de 2021. El tratamiento de los datos se realiza mediante un análisis estadístico univariante. Resultados: se observa una prevalencia en el Estado de São Paulo, cuya capital presenta el mayor número de notificaciones. El año y mes en que se produjo la prevalencia del diagnóstico fue 2008 y diciembre. Todos los pacientes presentaban una edad inferior a un año, sexo femenino, con confirmación final de la enfermedad mediante criterios de laboratorio y evolución para la cura. Conclusión: la edad presentó un significado en el estudio. El tratamiento es eficiente para un mejor pronóstico de curación, así como la vacunación como medida preventiva.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Disease Notification , Rubella/prevention & control , Brazil , Health Information Systems/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
With the continued rise of the global incidence of COVID-19 infection and emergent second wave, the need to understand characteristics that impact susceptibility to infection, clinical severity, and outcomes remains vital. The objective of this study was to assess modifying effects of demographic factors on COVID-19 testing status and outcomes in a large, diverse single health system cohort. The Mount Sinai Health System de-identified COVID-19 database contained records of 39,539 patients entering the health system from 02/28/2020 to 06/08/2020 with 7,032 laboratory-confirmed cases. The prevalence of qRT-PCR nasopharyngeal swabs (χ2 = 665.7, p<0.0001) and case rates (χ2 = 445.3, p<0.0001) are highest in Hispanics and Black or African Americans. The likelihood of admission and/or presentation to an intensive care unit (ICU) versus non-ICU inpatient unit, emergency department, and outpatient services, which reflects the severity of the clinical course, was also modified by race and ethnicity. Females were less likely to be tested [Relative Risk(RR) = 1.121, p<0.0001], and males had a higher case prevalence (RR = 1.224, p<0.001). Compared to other major ethnic groups, Whites experienced a higher prevalence of mortality (p<0.05). Males experienced a higher risk of mortality (RR = 1.180, p = 0.0012) at relatively younger ages (70.58±11.75) compared to females (73.02±11.46) (p = 0.0004). There was an increased severity of disease in older patient populations of both sexes. Although Hispanic and Black or African American race was associated with higher testing prevalence and positive testing rates, the only disparity with respect to mortality was a higher prevalence in Whites.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/epidemiology , Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , COVID-19/ethnology , Female , Health Information Systems/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , New York , Patient Admission/statistics & numerical data , Race Factors , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
Esta herramienta está diseñada para realizar una evaluación rápida de las instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud y de otras relacionadas con la salud y analiza su capacidad para recopilar datos críticos y de alta calidad en la respuesta a la pandemia de COVID-19. La herramienta evalúa el compromiso institucional con la pertinencia y la calidad de los datos utilizados para la toma de decisiones a todos los niveles. Además, facilita la autoevaluación para redefinir las prioridades de la pandemia; identifica la brecha de capacidad de los sistemas de datos internacionales, nacionales y subnacionales, y evalúa la capacidad para proporcionar datos fiables y constructivos.
This tool is designed for rapid assessment of health and health-related institutions and evaluates their capacity to gather critical, high-quality data in the COVID-19 pandemic response. The tool assesses institutional commitment to the timeliness and quality of data used for decision-making at all levels. It facilitates self-assessment to redefine pandemic priorities and, identifies the capacity gap within international, national, and subnational data systems, and assesses the ability to provide reliable and constructive data.
Subject(s)
Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Data Collection/methods , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Pandemics/statistics & numerical data , Health Information Systems/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico do escorpionismo em crianças, no Estado de Pernambuco, nos anos de 2015 a 2019. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, de caráter exploratório, cujo dados foram extraídos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (fichas de notificação preenchidas no período de 2015 a 2019). A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio do Statistical Package for the Social Sciences versão 20.0. Resultados: Entre 2015 e 2019 foram registrados 17.825 acidentes com escorpiões em crianças de até 14 anos no Estado de Pernambuco. A faixa etária mais acometida foi a de 5 a 9 anos (32,70%). Crianças de 0 a 4 anos de idade apresentaram duas vezes mais chances de apresentar quadro clínico grave (p: <0,001; OR: 2,353; IC95%:1,650 4,782). Conclusão: Houve uma elevada taxa de agravos no período analisado, especialmente em crianças em início de vida escolar, suscitando medidas de prevenção mais eficazes.(AU)
Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of scorpionism in children, in the State of Pernambuco, in the years 2015 to 2019. Methods: This is an ecological, exploratory study, whose data were extracted from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (data sheets). notification completed from 2015 to 2019). Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0. Results: Between 2015 and 2019 there were 17,825 accidents involving scorpions in children up to 14 years old in the State of Pernambuco. The most affected age group was 5 to 9 years old (32.70%). Children from 0 to 4 years of age were twice as likely to have a severe clinical condition (p: <0.001; OR: 2.353; 95% CI: 1.650 - 4.782). Conclusion: There was a high rate of injuries in the analyzed period, especially in children at the beginning of school life, giving rise to more effective prevention measures.(AU)
Objetivo: Analizar el perfil epidemiológico del escorpionismo en niños, en el estado de Pernambuco, en los años 2015 a 2019. Métodos: Este es un estudio exploratorio ecológico, cuyos datos fueron extraídos del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades Notificables (fichas técnicas). notificación completada de 2015 a 2019). El análisis de los datos se realizó utilizando el Statistical Package for the Social Sciences versión 20.0. Resultados: Entre 2015 y 2019 se produjeron 17,825 accidentes con escorpiones en niños de hasta 14 años en el estado de Pernambuco. El grupo de edad más afectado fue el de 5 a 9 años (32,70%). Los niños de 0 a 4 años tenían el doble de probabilidades de tener una enfermedad clínica grave (p: <0,001; OR: 2,353; IC del 95%: 1,650 - 4,782). Conclusión: Hubo una alta tasa de lesiones en el período analizado, especialmente en niños al inicio de la vida escolar, dando lugar a medidas de prevención más efectivas.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Health Profile , Incidence , Health Information Systems/statistics & numerical data , Scorpion Stings/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiological MonitoringABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Globally an estimated 20.5 million liveborn babies are low birthweight (LBW) each year, weighing less than 2500 g. LBW babies have increased risk of mortality even beyond the neonatal period, with an ongoing risk of stunting and non-communicable diseases. LBW is a priority global health indicator. Now almost 80% of births are in facilities, yet birthweight data are lacking in most high-mortality burden countries and are of poor quality, notably with heaping especially on values ending in 00. We aimed to undertake qualitative research in a regional hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, observing birthweight weighing scales, exploring barriers and enablers to weighing at birth as well as perceived value of birthweight data to health workers, women and stakeholders. METHODS: Observations were undertaken on type of birthweight scale availability in hospital wards. In-depth semi-structured interviews (n = 21) were conducted with three groups: women in postnatal and kangaroo mother care wards, health workers involved in birthweight measurement and recording, and stakeholders involved in data aggregation in Temeke Hospital, Tanzania, a site in the EN-BIRTH study. An inductive thematic analysis was undertaken of translated interview transcripts. RESULTS: Of five wards that were expected to have scales, three had functional scales, and only one of the functional scales was digital. The labour ward weighed the most newborns using an analogue scale that was not consistently zeroed. Hospital birthweight data were aggregated monthly for reporting into the health management information system. Birthweight measurement was highly valued by all respondents, notably families and healthcare workers, and local use of data was considered an enabler. Perceived barriers to high quality birthweight data included: gaps in availability of precise weighing devices, adequate health workers and imprecise measurement practices. CONCLUSION: Birthweight measurement is valued by families and health workers. There are opportunities to close the gap between the percentage of babies born in facilities and the percentage accurately weighed at birth by providing accurate scales, improving skills training and increasing local use of data. More accurate birthweight data are vitally important for all babies and specifically to track progress in preventing and improving immediate and long-term care for low birthweight children.
Subject(s)
Birth Weight , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Perinatal Care/organization & administration , Weights and Measures/instrumentation , Adult , Data Accuracy , Female , Gestational Age , Health Information Systems/statistics & numerical data , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Hospitals/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Professional Practice Gaps/statistics & numerical data , Qualitative Research , Tanzania , Time Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases is important in the care of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Thus, accurate immunization histories are critical. Many providers rely on patient self-report when assessing immunization status. The primary aim of our study was to determine the accuracy of self-reported influenza vaccination status in a cohort of patients with IBD. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of patients with IBD who answered a vaccination status questionnaire and compared their responses to the Wisconsin Immunization Registry, a state-wide electronic immunization information system. The primary outcome was the sensitivity and specificity of self-reported influenza vaccination status. A secondary outcome evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of pneumococcal vaccination status. RESULTS: A total of 200 patients with IBD were included in the study. Documented immunization rates were 74.5% for influenza vaccinations and 79.9% for pneumococcal vaccinations. Influenza vaccination self-report had a sensitivity of 98.7%, a specificity of 90.2%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 96.7% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 95.8%. In comparison, the sensitivity for pneumococcal vaccination was 83.5% with a specificity of 86.2%, PPV of 96.4%, and NPV of 54.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported influenza immunization status is sensitive and specific in patients with IBD. Accuracy for pneumococcal vaccination is slightly lower, but responses were notable for a high PPV. Self-report is an effective way to determine influenza immunization status and provides useful information for receipt of pneumococcal vaccine in patients with IBD.