State Restrictions and Geographic Access to Gender-Affirming Care for Transgender Youth.

This study estimates changes in geographic access and drive times to gender clinics following legislation enacted to restrict puberty-suppressing medications and hormones for those younger than 18 years.

Ley Trans, liberum arbitrium / Transgender law, liberum arbitrium

La nueva ley sobre la igualdad de las personas trans y la garantía de derechos de las personas LGTBI (Ley 4/2023, de 28 de febrero) ha sido una ley discutida y criticada por algunos grupos de profesionales de la medicina que atienden a la población infantil. Las críticas desde el ámbito médico y pediátrico se pueden hacer siempre ante cualquier ley que consideremos que afecta a los derechos sanitarios de los menores. Lo que sucede es que algunas de esas críticas son sobre aspectos que no se recogen en la ley. En el siguiente artículo analizaremos lo que dice la ley, lo que dicen algunas asociaciones de profesionales y lo que dice la legislación sobre los derechos sanitarios del menor, con el fin de contribuir al debate de esos controvertidos aspectos de la ley (AU)

The new law on the equality of trans people and the guarantee of rights of LGTBI people (Law 4/2023, February 28th) has been discussed by some groups of medical professionals that have shown their disagreement.In relation to any law, criticism can be made from the medical or pediatric field; whenever it affects the rights of minors. However, criticisms, if they exist, should be made about what the law says, not about other aspects.In the following article we will analyze what the law says, what some professional associations say and what the legislation says about the health rights of minors, in order to contribute to the debate on these controversial aspects of the law. (AU)

Medicolegal issues surrounding legal sex designations.

The medical profession is deeply involved in designating and amending the sex designations on legal records that themselves are not used clinically. The assumptions inherent in the current legal sex designation system and the criteria for amending such are being reexamined. The harms of the current legal sex designation system, especially for transgender people, have become increasingly recognized. Consequently, the appropriateness of the health care professional's participation in recording legal sex designations has been called into question. Herein, we describe the medicolegal challenges surrounding legal sex designations and their potential solutions.

Legislators Seek to Limit Options for Transgender Youths.

Curbs on medical treatment and participation in sports are proposed.

Lives on hold? Itineraries in access by trans men to health services in Brazil and Argentina. / Vidas que esperam? Itinerários do acesso a serviços de saúde para homens trans no Brasil e na Argentina.

In this article I provide a comparative interpretation of the itineraries used by trans men to deal with the issue of waiting, when confronted with challenges related to access to health services in Brazil and Argentina. The article was the result of anthropological research in the greater metropolitan areas of Goiânia and Buenos Aires, aimed at contributing to discussions on access to health for trans men in these two contexts, seeking to identify ambivalences related to their treatment itineraries in search of biomedical care.

Neste trabalho, interpreto comparativamente os itinerários agenciados por homens trans para lidar com a questão da espera, quando confrontados por desafios relacionados ao acesso a serviços de saúde no Brasil na Argentina. O texto, fruto de pesquisa antropológica nas regiões metropolitanas de Goiânia e de Buenos Aires, visa a contribuir para as discussões em torno do acesso à saúde para homens trans nesses dois contextos, buscando apontar para as ambivalências relacionadas a seus itinerários terapêuticos em busca de cuidados biomédicos.

En este trabajo, se interpretaron comparativamente los itinerarios organizados por hombres trans para enfrentarse a la cuestión de las esperas, cuando se enfrentan a desafíos relacionados con el acceso a servicios de salud en Brasil y Argentina. El texto, fruto de una investigación antropológica en las regiones metropolitanas de Goiânia y Buenos Aires, tiene como objetivo contribuir a discusiones sobre el acceso a la salud para hombres trans en esos dos contextos, buscando apuntar las ambivalencias relacionadas con sus itinerarios terapéuticos, en búsqueda de cuidados biomédicos.

Legal issues for transgender people: a review of persistent threats.

Background The legal status of transgender (trans) people is in constant flux. Over the past 70 years, gradually increasing transgender visibility, national and global advocacy, and, more recently, widespread Internet access, communication, and broadening support from allies, have all contributed to successful campaigns that have improved transgender lives and legitimised transgender. Still, traumatic interactions with the legal system or policing agencies remain plentiful. This is a very general overview of the most common legal issues confronting trans people. It aims to inform medical and mental health providers about the trepidation with which their patients and clients must engage legal systems, and the scope of their concerns, which ultimately affect their health. This review relies upon reports generated by advocacy organisations based on population surveys in several countries, the projects undertaken by legal and human rights advocacy groups, the topics most frequently discussed in academic texts examining transgender legal issues, and draws upon the author's personal advocacy experience. The most complicated and persistent issues are identity recognition, family law and relationship issues, adverse discrimination and anti-transgender violence and its aftermath. Criminal law, almost universally, treats trans people according to the lowest common denominator, their genital status, which supposedly supports expediency and "safety". Global legal and human rights efforts remain desperately needed to lift transgender people from the margins of society and provide them with equal opportunities to lead healthy and fulfilling lives. Access to appropriate and meaningful health care is a crucial element necessary to affirm the humanity of any person.

Gender identity, healthcare access, and risk reduction among Malaysia's mak nyah community.

Transgender women (TGW) face compounded levels of stigma and discrimination, resulting in multiple health risks and poor health outcomes. TGW identities are erased by forcing them into binary sex categories in society or treating them as men who have sex with men (MSM). In Malaysia, where both civil and religious law criminalise them for their identities, many TGW turn to sex work with inconsistent prevention methods, which increases their health risks. This qualitative study aims to understand how the identities of TGW sex workers shapes their healthcare utilisation patterns and harm reduction behaviours. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 male-to-female transgender (mak nyah) sex workers in Malaysia. Interviews were transcribed, translated into English, and analysed using thematic coding. Results suggest that TGW identity is shaped at an early age followed by incorporation into the mak nyah community where TGW were assisted in gender transition and introduced to sex work. While healthcare was accessible, it failed to address the multiple healthcare needs of TGW. Pressure for gender-affirming health procedures and fear of HIV and sexually transmitted infection screening led to potentially hazardous health behaviours. These findings have implications for developing holistic, culturally sensitive prevention and healthcare services for TGW.

Challenging cisgenderism in the ageing and aged care sector: Meeting the needs of older people of trans and/or non-binary experience.

Recent Australian legislative and policy changes can benefit people of trans and/or non-binary experience (e.g. men assigned female with stereotypically 'female' bodies, women assigned male with stereotypically 'male' bodies, and people who identify as genderqueer, agender [having no gender], bi-gender [having two genders] or another gender option). These populations often experience cisgenderism, which previous research defined as 'the ideology that invalidates people's own understanding of their genders and bodies'. Some documented forms of cisgenderism include pathologising (treating people's genders and bodies as disordered) and misgendering (disregarding people's own understanding and classifications of their genders and bodies). This system of classifying people's lived experiences of gender and body invalidation is called the cisgenderism framework. Applying the cisgenderism framework in the ageing and aged care sector can enhance service providers' ability to meet the needs of older people of trans and/or non-binary experience.

[Body, rights and comprehensive health: Analysis of the parliamentary debates on the Gender Identity and Assisted Fertilization Laws (Argentina, 2011-2013)]. / Cuerpo, derechos y salud integral: Análisis de los debates parlamentarios de las leyes de Identidad de Género y Fertilización Asistida (Argentina, 2011-2013).

In this paper we present an analysis of the parliamentary debates of the Gender Identity Law (No. 26743) and the Assisted Fertilization Law (No. 26862) carried out in the Argentine National Congress between 2011 and 2013. Using a qualitative content analysis technique, the stenographic records of the debates were analyzed to explore the following questions: How was the public problem to which each law responds characterized? How was the mission of each law conceptualized? To what extent did those definitions call into question ideas of health and illness, in including in the public health system coverage for certain medical treatments of body optimization or modification? In the process of sanctioning both laws, the concepts of health and disease were put into dispute as moral categories. In this context, an expanded concept of comprehensive health arose, in which desires regarding reproduction and the body were included.

[Transsexuality: law and health-related aspects in the Spanish legal system]. / La transexualidad: aspectos jurídico-sanitarios en el ordenamiento español.

The social weight of transsexual groups has been and continues to be crucial in many aspects regarding transsexuality, from the progressive elimination of discrimination to influence in the legislative branch. This paper especially discusses a classic demand of these groups, comprehensive medical treatment of transsexual people within the National Health System. Thus, progress in the development of an adequate healthcare system for these groups, their treatment in the legal systems of Spain in general and of some of its autonomous communities with more noteworthy laws (especially in Andalusia, an autonomous community that has been pioneering in this regard, as well as the Basque Country and Navarre) and remaining challenges will be observed in this work. The article will also take particular note of the substantial developments that the publication of the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders has established in this area.

La 7ª versión de los Estándares Asistenciales de la WPATH. Un enfoque diferente que supera el dimorfismo sexual y de género / The 7th version of Care Standars of WPATH. A different approach that goes beyond sexual dimorphism and gender

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizary reflexionar sobre los cambios introducidos en losEstándares Asistenciales (EA) de la 7ª versión dela Asociación Mundial de Profesionales para la saludTransgénero (World Profesional Association forTransgender Health, WPATH, 2011). Intenta despatologizarsustituyendo el diagnóstico "trastorno deidentidad de género" por "disforia de género" y seamplía la población objeto de atención y las opcionesde tratamiento. No es un prerrequisito realizar laexperiencia de la vida real y/o psicoterapia para eltratamiento hormonal, elimina la obligatoriedad deltratamiento hormonal para la cirugía de mamas y lacomorbilidad psiquiátrica no excluye necesariamenteel acceso a las terapias hormonal y quirúrgica. Unode los apartados más controvertidos es el dedicado aniños y adolescentes. Los nuevos estándares asistencialessuponen una superación del modelo dicotómicotradicional, estableciendo que el género sentido yexpresado no tiene porqué ir indisolublemente ligadoal sexo biológico (AU)

The aim of this presentation is toanalyse and reflect on the changes brought inthe Care Standards of the 7th version of WPATH(World Professional for Transgender Health).It attempts to depathologize replacing the Diagnostic "Gender Identity Disorders" by "GenderDysphoria" and extends the target population andtreatment options. It is not a prerequisite to carryout the real life experience and/or psychotherapyfor the hormonal treatment, the obligation to carryout the hormonal treatment for breast surgery isremoved and the psychiatric comorbidity does notneccesarily exclude the access to the hormonaland surgical therapy. One of the most controversialsections is the one dedicated to children andteenager treatment. The new standards involve anovercoming of the traditional dycotomic model,setting that gender, felt and expressed, does notneed to be inextricably linked to biological sex (AU)

Clinical management of transsexual subjects.

Transsexual subjects are individuals who have a desire to live and be accepted as a member of the opposite sex, usually accompanied by a sense of discomfort with, or inappropriateness of, one's anatomic sex, and a wish to have surgery and hormonal treatment to make one's body as congruent as possible with one's preferred sex. They seek to develop the physical characteristics of the desired gender, and should undergo an effective and safe treatment regimen. The goal of treatment is to rehabilitate the individual as a member of society in the gender he or she identifies with. Sex reassignment procedures necessary for the treatment of transsexual patients are allowed in our country, at Medical Services that have a multidisciplinary team composed of a psychologist, a social worker, a psychiatrist, an endocrinologist and surgeons (gynecologists, plastic surgeons, and urologists). Patients must be between 21 to 75 years old and in psychological and hormonal treatment for at least 2 years. Testosterone is the principal agent used to induce male characteristics in female transsexual patients, and the estrogen is the chosen hormone used to induce the female sexual characteristics in male transsexual patients. Based on our 15 years of experience, we can conclude that testosterone and estradiol treatment in physiological doses are effective and safe in female and male transsexual patients, respectively.