Análise do controle viral e caracterização de subpopulações de células imunes em infecções pelo Vírus da hepatite E genótipo 3 de origem suína e humana em macacos cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) na fase de convalescência / Analysis of viral control and characterization of immune cell subpopulations in infections by hepatitis e genotype 3 of swine and human origin in cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) in convalescence phase

O vírus da Hepatite E (HEV) apresenta-se relacionado à crescente ocorrência de casos da doença em países industrializados. Os achados deste em inúmeras espécies animais e sua transmissão associada ao consumo de produtos de origem animal, o definem como um agente zoonótico de importância para a Saúde Pública. Frente à escassez de informações sobre a patogenia da hepatite E, optou-se por avaliar o controle viral e caracterizar as células imunes envolvidas na resposta intra-hepática na fase de convalescência da infecção experimental com o HEV3 recuperado de suínos e humanos em macacos cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis). No diagnóstico molecular por qRT-PCR em tecidos coletados 67 dpi, pôde-se detectar o RNA viral indicativo de permanência do vírus no trato biliar de dois animais e no fígado de um animal, inoculados com HEV suíno. Em imunomarcações específicas para a detecção do antígeno viral, todos os animais expressaram HEV Ag na fase tardia de infecção, principalmente em células sinusoidais. A discordância na detecção do HEV RNA e do HEV Ag sugere sensibilidades diferentes dos ensaios durante a fase da convalescência. A hiperplasia das células de Kupffer não foi observada no período de estudo, entretanto, a frequência elevada de células de kupffer comarcadas com HEV no grupo suíno sugere uma maior imunoreatividade tecidual ao HEV3 suíno em fase tardia da infecção. Quanto à expressão da enzima iNOS, observou-se pouca presença em células de Kupffer e maior expressão em células circulantes sinusoidais e hepatócitos, envolvidos na resposta inflamatória convalescente da hepatite E, com maior produção de iNOS nos animais inoculados com HEV suíno...

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is presented related to the increasing occurrence of the disease in industrialized countries. The findings of this in several animal species and their associated transmission by consumption of animal products, define it as a zoonoticagent of importance to public health. Facing the lacking of information on thepathogenesis of hepatitis E, we chose to evaluate the viral control and characterize the immune cells involved in intrahepatic response during convalescence phase ofexperimental infection with HEV3 recovered from pigs and humans in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Through molecular diagnostics by qRT - PCR intissues collected 67 dpi, we could detect viral RNA indicative of virus persistence in the biliary tract of two animals and the liver of one animal inoculated with swine HEV. In specific immunostaining for the detection of viral antigen, all animals expressed HEVAg in the late phase of infection, especially sinusoidal cells. The discrepancy in thedetection of HEV RNA and HEV Ag suggests different sensitivities of the tests during the period of convalescence. The hyperplasia of Kupffer cells was not observed duringthe study period, however, the high frequency of Kupffer cells stained with HEV in the swine group suggests a greater tissue immunoreactivity for swine HEV3 in late stage of infection. Regarding the expression of iNOS, low presence was observed on Kupffer cells and higher expression in sinusoidal circulating cells and hepatocytes, involved in the inflammatory response of convalescent hepatitis E, with greater production of iNOS in animals inoculated with swine HEV...

Hepatitis E en niños / Hepatitis E in children

La hepatitis E, conocida previamente como hepatitis no A, no B, de transmisión enteral, es una infección causada por el virus de la hepatitis E (VHE), cuyas características clínicas y epidemiológicas son las de una hepatitis aguda. Pertenece a la familia Hepaviridae. El VHE setransmite principalmente por la vía fecal-oral, la mayoría de las epidemias se pueden asociar conbrotes que tienen su origen en el agua, alta densidad de población y deficientes condiciones sanitarias. El cuadro clínico es el de una hepatitis aguda típica, sin embargo, tiene un amplio espectro de presentación clínica. Es común encontrar marcadores serológicos para VHE positivos en niños con hepatitis viral aguda por otros virus hepatótropos, especialmente el virus B y C. El diagnóstico de infección por VHE se puede hacer por detección serológica y/o molecular. La teórica viabilidad de una vacuna frente alVHEestá basada en diversas evidencias.

Hepatitis E, formerly known as hepatitis non A, non B, enteral transmission, is an infection causedby the hepatitis E virus (HEV), clinical and epidemiological characteristics are those of acute hepatitis. Hepaviridae belongs to the family. HEV is transmitted primarily through fecal-oral route,most outbreaks have been associated with outbreaks that have their origin in water, high population density and poor sanitation. The clinical picture is that of a typical acute hepatitis, however, has a broad spectrum of clinical presentation. Commonly found positive for HEV serological markers in children with acute viral hepatitis other hepatotropic viruses, especially viruses B and C. The diagnosis of HEV infectionan be done by serological detection and/or molecular. The theoretical feasibility of a vaccineagainstHEVis based on different evidence.

[Current problems of hepatitis]. / Aktuelle Probleme der Hepatitis.

New findings have been made in recent years on the various forms of the hepatitis virus in terms of disease course, its etiopathogenetic link with comorbidities and the definition of new forms in Central Europe. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)- and cytomegalovirus (CMV)-induced hepatitis may occur in the so-called sero-negative group of hepatitis and direct demonstration of the viral genome in paraffin liver tissues is required to confirm the diagnosis. Since diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis in daily practice may be difficult, a scoring system with simplified criteria has recently been developed.

[Antibody detection and sequencing analysis of hepatitis E virus in human population, swine and chicken in Sichuan region in China].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the seroprevalence of HEV infection and genotype. METHODS: ELISA were used for detecting anti-HEV IgG of the serum samples, the nested reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-nPCR) was used for detecting HEV RNA in patient serum and swine bile samples. All samples were collected in 2005-2007 in some districts in Sichuan province. The primers used for genotyping were the ORF2 region of HEV genome. RESULTS: The anti-HEV IgG was detected positive in childrens 6.10% (41/672), adults 42.26% (280/ 661), swines 88.89% (32/36), chickens negative (0/59). 1 case of 15 serum samples of anti-HEV IgM positive and 3 of 54 swine bile samples were positive for HEV RNA by RT-PCR.Sequence analysis of 4 isolates has 92.1% to 98.6% nucleotide sequence homology. These isolates from human and swine were identified closely related to Ch-T21 strain 90.1%-96.9% sequence homology, which belonged to HEV genotype 4B. CONCLUSIONS: The swine were the risk factors in the spread of hepatitis E virus.