Hernia de Spiegel. A propósito de un caso / Spiegelian hernia. A propos of a case

RESUMEN La hernia de Spiegel es un defecto raro de la pared abdominal. Su diagnóstico se hace muy difícil por lo infrecuente y por la dificultad para diferenciarla de la hernia inguinal supravesical. Precisamente, por lo poco común, los médicos muchas veces no valoran seriamente la presencia de esta variedad de hernia. Constituye una patología en la que el diagnóstico al igual que el resto de las hernias de la pared abdominal, es esencialmente clínico. El objetivo de este trabajo es informar un caso con un tipo de hernia poco común. Paciente de 50 años de edad, de color de piel blanca, obesa, multípara de procedencia urbana, con antecedentes personales patológico de relativa buena salud. Acudió a consulta por presentar dolor en la región inferior derecha, en la unión del flanco derecho con el mesogastrio, desde hacía varios meses. Fue diagnosticada con una hernia de Spiegel. Se le realizaron los estudios correspondientes fue intervenida quirúrgicamente realizándose hernioplastia (AU).

ABSTRACT Spiegelian hernia is a rare defect of the abdominal wall. Its diagnosis is very difficult because of its infrequency and the difficult of differentiating it from the supravesical inguinal hernia. Precisely due to its infrequence the doctors usually do not seriously evaluate the presence of this kind of hernia. It is a pathology in which, like in the rest of the abdominal wall hernias, the diagnosis is essentially clinical. The aim of this work is to report a case of a patient with an uncommon kind of hernia: a female, obese, multiparous, white patient, aged 50 years, from urban precedence, with personal pathological antecedents of relatively good health, assisted the consultation presenting pain in the right inferior region, in the place where the right flank meets the mesogastrium for several months. She was diagnosed a Spiegel's hernia. The correspondent studies were carried out and she underwent a hernioplasty (AU).

Hernia de Spiegel. A propósito de un caso / Spiegelian hernia. A propos of a case

RESUMEN La hernia de Spiegel es un defecto raro de la pared abdominal. Su diagnóstico se hace muy difícil por lo infrecuente y por la dificultad para diferenciarla de la hernia inguinal supravesical. Precisamente, por lo poco común, los médicos muchas veces no valoran seriamente la presencia de esta variedad de hernia. Constituye una patología en la que el diagnóstico al igual que el resto de las hernias de la pared abdominal, es esencialmente clínico. El objetivo de este trabajo es informar un caso con un tipo de hernia poco común. Paciente de 50 años de edad, de color de piel blanca, obesa, multípara de procedencia urbana, con antecedentes personales patológico de relativa buena salud. Acudió a consulta por presentar dolor en la región inferior derecha, en la unión del flanco derecho con el mesogastrio, desde hacía varios meses. Fue diagnosticada con una hernia de Spiegel. Se le realizaron los estudios correspondientes fue intervenida quirúrgicamente realizándose hernioplastia.

ABSTRACT Spiegelian hernia is a rare defect of the abdominal wall. Its diagnosis is very difficult because of its infrequency and the difficult of differentiating it from the supravesical inguinal hernia. Precisely due to its infrequence the doctors usually do not seriously evaluate the presence of this kind of hernia. It is a pathology in which, like in the rest of the abdominal wall hernias, the diagnosis is essentially clinical. The aim of this work is to report a case of a patient with an uncommon kind of hernia: a female, obese, multiparous, white patient, aged 50 years, from urban precedence, with personal pathological antecedents of relatively good health, assisted the consultation presenting pain in the right inferior region, in the place where the right flank meets the mesogastrium for several months. She was diagnosed a Spiegel's hernia. The correspondent studies were carried out and she underwent a hernioplasty.

Caracterización de pacientes operados de hernias abdominales externas en un centro de diagnóstico venezolano / Characterization of patients operated due to external abdominal hernias in a Venezuelan diagnosis center

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y de corte transversal de los 747 pacientes operados de hernias abdominales externas en el Centro de Diagnóstico Integral La Atlántida del Estado Vargas, de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela, desde abril de 2013 hasta diciembre de 2017 con el objetivo de caracterizarles según variables de interés para la investigación. En la serie predominaron el sexo masculino (75,1 por ciento), el grupo etario de 51-60 años (37,8 por ciento), la hipertensión arterial como principal comorbilidad (32,0 por ciento), la hernia inguinal como variedad más frecuente (63,7 por ciento), además de la reparación con prótesis sin tensión (malla) como proceder más empleado y sin recidiva herniaria (72,6 por ciento); asimismo, las complicaciones estuvieron dentro del rango internacional aceptado (5,1 por ciento) y el edema del cordón resultó ser la más común.

A descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study of the 747 operated patients due to external abdominal hernias in La Atlántida Comprehensive Diagnosis Center from Vargas State, of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela was carried out from April, 2013 to December, 2017 with the objective of characterizing them according to variables of interest for the investigation. In the series the male sex (75.1 percent), the age group 51-60 years (37.8 percent, the hypertension as the main comorbidity (32.0 percent), the inguinal hernia as the most frequent variety (63.7 percent), besides the repair with prosthesis without tension (mesh) as the most used procedure and without hernia relapse (72.6 percent) prevailed; also, the complications were within the accepted international range (5.1 percent) and the edema of the cord turned out to be the most common.

Resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico para la Hernia Inguinal en Guatemala / Inguinal Hernia surgical treatment results at San Pedro Necta Guatemala

Introducción: la reparación de las hernias de la pared abdominal representa el grupo más frecuente de operaciones mayores, efectuadas por los cirujanos generales. Para ello, se utilizan técnicas donde se emplean los propios tejidos del paciente (Herniorrafía) o materiales protésicos (Hernioplastia), con buenos resultados.Objetivo: describir los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de la Hernia Inguinal, en el Hospital Nacional Clínico-Quirúrgico de San Pedro Necta, Guatemala. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo- ambispectivo, entre el 1 de enero del 2010 y el 30 de septiembre del 2014, en dicho centro, ubicado en Huehuetenango, Guatemala; que incluyó a pacientes mayores de 19 años, operados por Hernia Inguinal primaria. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, procedencia, técnica quirúrgica manejada y recidiva; las cuales se trataron con medidas de frecuencia y de resumen.Resultados: se incluyeron 300 pacientes, con predominio del sexo masculino de 67 por ciento, y el grupo etario, entre 19 y 59 años del 58,7 por ciento. De los pacientes operados, el 93,3 por ciento procede del área rural. La técnica de Lichtenstein fue la más utilizada para un 59,7 por ciento; y se presentó recidiva en 7 pacientes, con un índice del 2,3 por ciento, todos en el grupo donde se practicó la Herniorrafía. Conclusiones: la Hernia Inguinal es una entidad frecuente, en el área de atención del Hospital Clínico-Quirúrgico de San Pedro Necta. Su tratamiento quirúrgico y disminución de la recidiva presentan buenos resultados, gracias a la aplicación de las técnicas de Hernioplastia.(AU)

Introduction: abdominal Wall Hernia Repair is one of the most common operations, developed by general surgeons. For Inguinal Hernia Repair, Hernioraphy or Hernioplasty techniques are applied with good results, mainly the last one.Objective: to describe the results of Inguinal Hernia surgical treatment, at San Pedro Necta National Hospital.Methods: a descriptive study of patients older than 19, with primary Inguinal Hernia, between January 1st, 2010 and September 30th, 2014; in which age, gender, origin, surgical technique and recurrence, were reviewed.Results: to acomplish accurate results, 300 patients were included. Males prevailed with 67 percent, and those between 19 and 59 years old reached 58.7 percent. The 93.3 percent came from countrysides. Lichtenstein technique determined the 59.7 percent, and hernia was recurrent in 7 patients, with 2.3 percent.Conclusions: inguinal Hernia is a frequent entity in San Pedro Necta National Hospital. Hernioplasty technique allows recurrence decreasing and surgical treatment good results.(AU)

[Simplified laparoscopic gastric bypass. Initial experience]. / Bypass gástrico laparoscópico simplificado. Experiencia inicial.

BACKGROUND: Obesity surgery includes various gastrointestinal procedures. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the prototype of mixed procedures being the most practiced worldwide. A similar and novel technique has been adopted by Dr. Almino Cardoso Ramos and Dr. Manoel Galvao called "simplified bypass," which has been accepted due to the greater ease and very similar results to the conventional technique. The aim of this study is to describe the results of the simplified gastric bypass for treatment of morbid obesity in our institution. METHODS: We performed a descriptive, retrospective study of all patients undergoing simplified gastric bypass from January 2008 to July 2012 in the obesity clinic of a private hospital in Mexico City. RESULTS: A total of 90 patients diagnosed with morbid obesity underwent simplified gastric bypass. Complications occurred in 10% of patients; these were more frequent bleeding and internal hernia. Mortality in the study period was 0%. The average weight loss at 12 months was 72.7%. CONCLUSION: Simplified gastric bypass surgery is safe with good mid-term results and a loss of adequate weight in 71% of cases.

Antecedentes: la cirugía de la obesidad comprende diversos procedimientos gastrointestinales. El bypass gástrico en Y de Roux es el prototipo de los procedimientos mixtos y el más practicado en el mundo en sus diversas variedades. Una técnica similar y novedosa es la adoptada por Cardoso-Ramos y Galvao denominada "bypass simplificado" que rápidamente se aceptó por la mayor facilidad y resultados muy parecidos a la técnica convencional. Objetivo: describir los resultados a un año del bypass gástrico simplificado para el tratamiento de la obesidad mórbida. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de todos los pacientes a quienes se realizó bypass gástrico de enero de 2008 a julio de 2012, en la clínica de obesidad de un hospital privado de la Ciudad de México. Resultados: se estudiaron 90 pacientes con diagnóstico de obesidad mórbida, con límites de edad de 18 y 65 años, operados para bypass gástrico simplificado. En 10% de los pacientes hubo complicaciones, las más frecuentes fueron: hemorragia y hernia interna. Durante el periodo de estudio la mortalidad fue de 0%. La pérdida de peso promedio a los 12 meses fue de 72.7%. Conclusión: el bypass gástrico simplificado laparoscópico es una cirugía segura, con buenos resultados a mediano plazo, y con una pérdida del exceso de peso adecuada en 71% de los casos.

Incisional hernia after laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Is there any factor associated?

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic approach is related to, among others, educing abdominal wall complications such as incisional hernia (IH). However, there are scarce data concerning laparoscopic colorectal surgery (LCRS). The aim of this study was to evaluate related factors and incidence of IH following this approach. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of consecutive patients who underwent colorectal surgery with laparoscopic approach in a single center was performed. Patients with a minimum follow-up of 6 months, and also converted to open surgery were included. Uni- and multi-variate analyses were performed using the following variables: age; gender; type of surgery (left, right, total, or segmental colectomy); comorbidities [diabetes and chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD)]; previous surgery; colorectal disease (benign and malignant); operative time; surgical site infection (SSI); and body mass index (BMI). Midline incisions (right colectomy) and off-midline incisions (left colectomies and rectal resections) were also compared. RESULTS: During a period of 12 years, 1051 laparoscopic colorectal surgeries were performed. The incidence of IH was 6% (n = 63). Univariate analysis showed that BMI > 30 kg/m(2) [p < 0.01, OR: 2.3 (1.3-4.7)], SSI [p < 0.01, OR: 6.5 (3.4-12.5)], operative time >180 min [p < 0.01, OR: 2.1 (1.2-3.6)] and conversion to open surgery (p = 0.01, OR: 2.4 [1.1-5.0]) were related to incisional hernias. BMI and SSI have a statistically significant relation with the incidence of IH in multivariate analysis (p < 0.01). No statistical difference between right and left colectomy was observed (6.6 vs. 6.4%, respectively). CONCLUSION: The incidence of IH after LCRS seems to be acceptable. BMI over 30 kg/m(2) and SSI are strongly associated to this complication.

Increased risk of incisional hernia after sigmoid colectomy for diverticulitis compared with colon cancer.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine if an increased incidence of incisional hernias is present in patients undergoing sigmoidectomy for diverticulitis vs cancer. The pathophysiology of diverticulitis is poorly understood, but might involve a collagen vascular abnormality that can predispose to incisional hernia. STUDY DESIGN: In this IRB-approved, retrospective study, patients who underwent sigmoid colectomies for diverticulitis or cancer between January 2003 and September 2012 were studied. Exclusion criteria included the development of surgical site infections and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. A multivariate logistic regression was used with covariate adjustments for known risk factors for hernia development. RESULTS: Four hundred forty-two patients (mean age 59.3 ± 13.9 years) with a median follow-up of 30 months were analyzed. The incidence of incisional hernia was 15.1% in diverticulitis patients vs 5.8% in the cancer cohort (41 of 271 vs 10 of 171; p = 0.003). Univariate analysis of risk factors associated with postoperative incisional hernia included steroid use (p = 0.007), wound packing (p = 0.001), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists classification (p = 0.001), absorbable suture closure (p = 0.02), blood transfusion (p = 0.04), stoma formation (p = 0.02), increased body mass index (p = 0.008), and history of incisional hernia (p = 0.00008). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated a persistent association between diverticulitis and hernia development (p = 0.01). Odds of a hernia developing after sigmoidectomy for diverticulitis were 2.82 times greater than in the cancer cohort (95% CI, 1.3-6.6). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of an incisional hernia developing after a sigmoid colectomy is significantly higher when performed for diverticulitis as compared with cancer. This might be due to a connective tissue disorder, which predisposes to development of both diverticula and hernias.

Understanding noninguinal abdominal hernias in the athlete.

Abdominal hernias are common with over 20 million hernia repairs performed worldwide. Inguinal hernias are the most common type of hernia. Inguinal and sports hernia have been discussed at length in recent literature, and therefore, they will not be addressed in this article. The noninguinal hernias are much less common but do occur, and knowledge of these hernias is important when assessing the athlete with abdominal pain. Approximately 25% of abdominal wall hernias are noninguinal, and new data show the order of frequency as umbilical, epigastric, incisional, femoral, and all others (i.e., Spigelian, obturator, traumatic). Return-to-play guidelines need to be tailored to the athlete and the needs of their sport. Using guidelines similar to abdominal strain injuries can be a starting point for the treatment plan. Laparoscopic repair is becoming more popular because of safety and efficacy, and it may lead to a more rapid return to play.

Factors associated with early peritoneal dialysis catheter replacement in Veracruz, Mexico.

INTRODUCTION: Catheter-related complications in patients on peritoneal dialysis lead to decreased effectiveness and discontinuation of the technique, conversion to haemodialysis, hospitalisation, and surgical interventions to replace the catheter. OBJECTIVES: Determine risk factors for early catheter dysfunction that result in the need for replacement. METHODS: We analysed 235 catheters placed by open surgery using an infra-umbilical midline incision. Possible risk factors included the following: age, sex, body mass index, body surface area, diabetes, polycystic kidney disease, previous surgery, time of surgical procedure, omentectomy, omentopexy, wound infection and postoperative incisional hernia. RESULTS: During the first year, 47 patients (20%) required a catheter replacement due to poor function. The most common complications were catheter migration and peritonitis (4.3% in both cases), followed by obstruction from omental wrapping (3.7%). Univariate analysis showed that patients with catheter dysfunction or requiring catheter replacement were younger, with a lower body mass index and body surface area (P<.05). There was a significant association of wound infection and post-operative incisional hernia with catheter replacement. Omentectomy was associated with a low incidence rate of catheter dysfunction/replacement in the univariate and logistical regression analyses (odds ratio: 0.275; 95% confidence interval: 0.101-0.751; P<.012). CONCLUSIONS: Our catheter placement technique offers a low complication rate and good results in the first year after surgery. Except for omentectomy, we did not discover any risk factors for catheter replacement in our study population. Omentectomy had a protective effect in terms of catheter replacement.

Alta prevalencia de hernias abdominales en pacientes con síndrome velocardiofacial / High incidence of abdominal wall hernias in patients with velocardiofacial syndrome

Velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS) is due to a microdeletion on chromosome region 22q11.2. Clinically, it is characterized by congenital anomalies and psychiatric and cognitive manifestations. The most common structural defects are congenital heart disease and palatal anomalies, both due to abnormal development of the pharyngeal pouches. Another less studied manifestation is abdominal wall hernias. Objective: To characterize the frequency and types of hernias in patients with VCFS, and their association with congenital cardiopathies and palatine abnormalities. Patients and Methods: 202 patients were evaluated by direct clinical examination and questionnaire about their phenotypic characteristics. Results were compared to those found in the literature. Results: Age range was 0.5 to 48.4 years old (mean 11.9 years), 50.4 percent were females. Twenty two percent of patients had abdominal wall hernias. Of these, 49.1 percent were inguinal and 40.3 percent, umbilical. Conclusion: Patients with VCFS have a higher incidence of abdominal hernias than general population, described as approximately 5 percent. This is another common manifestation of the syndrome, not attributable to defects in development of pharyngeal pouches and with unknown pathogenesis.

El síndrome velocardiofacial (SVCF) se debe a una microdeleción en la región cromosómica 22q11.2. Clínicamente, se caracteriza por anomalías congénitas y manifestaciones siquiátricas y cognitivas. Entre las malformaciones más comunes, están las cardiopatías congénitas y anomalías palatinas, por defectos en el desarrollo de las bolsas faríngeas. Otra manifestación menos estudiada son las hernias de la pared abdominal. Objetivo: Caracterizar la frecuencia y tipos de hernias en pacientes con SVCF y su asociación con cardiopatías congénitas y anomalías del paladar. Pacientes y Método: Evaluamos 202 pacientes mediante un examen clínico directo y un cuestionario sobre sus características fenotípicas. Comparamos los resultados con la información de la literatura. Resultados: El rango de edad fue de 0,5 a 48,4 años (media de 11,9 años), 50,4 por ciento de sexo femenino. El 22 por ciento de los pacientes presentó hernias de la pared abdominal. De estas, el 49,1 por ciento fueron inguinales y el 40,3 por ciento, umbilicales. La frecuencia de hernias en los pacientes con SVCF es significativamente mayor que la descrita para la población general, aproximadamente un 5 por ciento. Esta es una manifestación común del síndrome, que no es atribuible a defectos del desarrollo de las bolsas faríngeas y cuya patogenia no ha sido definida.

Hernia asintomáiica de pared abdominal como halazgo durante cirugía laparoscóppica ginecológica / Asymptomatic hernia of the abdominal wall as a finding during laparoscopic gynecological surgery

OBJETIVO: Conocer la incidencia y determinar la factibilidad del diagnóstico de hernias asintomáticas de pared abdominal, como hallazgo durante cirugía laparoscópicas por causa ginecológica. MÉTODO: Estudio prospectivo de 100 pacientes ingresadas para cirugía ginecológica laparoscópica, en las cuales se descartó hernia de pared abdominal mediante la anamnesis y examen físico en la evaluación preoperatoria. Se observó rutinariamente la pared abdominal durante la laparoscopia, buscando defectos herniarios. RESULTADO: De las 100 pacientes ingresadas al estudio, se constató 1 caso de hernia de pared abdominal (hernia inguinal indirecta). CONCLUSIÓN: La incidencia para el grupo estudiado, fue de 1 hernia de pared abdominal asintomática (1%), encontrada como hallazgo durante un procedimiento laparoscópico por causa ginecológica. Los defectos de pared abdominal pueden constituir, aunque escasos, un hallazgo durante la cirugía laparoscópica ginecológica. Se discute la necesidad de reparación durante el acto quirúrgico primario.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of diagnosing hernial abdominal wall defect and to find out the incidence of asymptomatic abdominal wall hernias like finding during laparoscopic gynecologic surgeries. METHOD: Prospective study of 100 consecutive laparoscopic gynecologic surgeries in which a thorough visualization of the abdominal wall and the areas of common wall defects were examined during surgery. None of the patients had symptoms or physical findings suggestive of hernias in the preoperative evaluation. RESULTS: Only one abdominal wall hernia was found in this series (1 in a 100). The defect was an indirect right inguinal hernia. CONCLUSIONS: A complete examination of the abdominal wall during gynecologic laparoscopy allows the diagnosis of asymptomatic hernias. The incidence of hernia found in this series was 1%. The necessity of repair during the same surgical act is discussed.

Risk factors related to operative morbidity in patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study is to analyze postoperative morbidity and mortality of patients operated on for gastric cancer in a single institution during the last twenty years, and to define risk factors for complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on 434 patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer between January 1983 and December 2002. Analysis of main medical and surgical complications and analysis of morbidity risk factors. RESULTS: Overall morbidity and mortality rates were 38.4% and 2.7% respectively. The most frequent complications were pneumonia (13%) and intra-abdominal abcesses (12%). The main cause of death was anastomotic dehiscence with abdominal sepsis. The last ten years mortality rate dropped from 4.7% to 0.8%. Risk factors for complications were gender (male, p = 0.01) and resection of spleen (p = 0.02) or pancreas (p = 0.002). A significantly lesser rate of complications was found in patients who had underwent gastrectomy during the previous five years (p = 0.001) or with tumors located in the lower third of the stomach (p = 0,01). CONCLUSION: Morbidity of gastrectomy for gastric cancer in our institution is still high but mortality has decreased significantly over the last ten years due to the specialization of the hospital and the surgical team. The main risk factor for complications was pancreatosplenectomy in the multivariate analysis.