ABSTRACT
Las reactivaciones de las infecciones latentes por virus de la familia Herpes originan variadas y graves manifestaciones clínicas en los enfermos con sida. Las lesiones mucocutáneas son comunes en las infecciones por Herpes simple 1 y 2 y por varicela-zóster (VZV). En cambio, son infrecuentes en infecciones por citomegalovirus (CMV). La coexistencia de más de un patógeno en la misma lesión ha sido escasamente referida en la literatura. Presentamos una paciente con enfermedad VIH/sida avanzada que desarrolló lesiones cutáneas diseminadas, en una de las cuales se identificó por técnica de PCR el genoma de VZV y CMV. El diagnóstico precoz seguido del tratamiento antiherpético y la reconstitución inmunológica alcanzada con la TARGA pueden mejorar el pronóstico de esta clase de pacientes
The reactivation of latent infections due to Herpesviridae is associated with a serious compromise in HIV/AIDS patients. Mucocutaneous lesions are frequent in disseminated infections due to Herpes simple 1 and 2 and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). However, cutaneous involvement is rare in cytomegalovirus infections. The coexistence of VZV and CMV in the same lesion has been little reported in the literature. Here, we describe a female with advanced HIV/AIDS disease who developed disseminated cutaneous lesions, in one of yhem we detected VZV and CMV by PCR. Early diagnosis followed by specific antiherpetic therapy and the immune reconstitution associated with HAART can improve the prognosis of these kind of patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , HIV Infections/therapy , Concurrent Symptoms , Herpesviridae Infections/mortality , Herpesviridae Infections/therapy , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Varicella Zoster Virus Infection/therapy , Early DiagnosisABSTRACT
Dentre as propriedades biológicas da própolis, a atividade antimicrobiana tem merecido destacada atenção. No presente trabalho, descreve-se a ação antiviral e virucida de três extratos hidroalcoólicos de própolis (marrom, verde e de abelhas jataí (Tetragonisca angustula), frente ao Herpesvírus Bovino tipo (BoHV-1) e ao Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina (BVDV). Os três extratos hidroalcoólicos foram obtidos de extração etanólica e são oriundos do sul do Brasil. A composição química dos extratos de própolis foi determinada pela cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada a espectrômetro de massas (UFLC-PDA-ESI-TOF/MS) que identificou e quantificou compostos como: ácido cafeico e ácido p-cumárico, ácido clorogênico, ácido ferúlico, além de flavonoides como a rutina. A toxicidade celular bem como a atividade antiviral dos extratos de própolis em monocamadas de células MDBK (Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney) foi avaliada através de observação microscópica e quantificada pelo teste de MTT (3-(4,5 dimetiltiazol-2yl)-2-5-difenil-2H tetrazolato de bromo). O extrato de própolis de abelhas jataí demonstrou ser menos citotóxico (1,57µg/mL), quando comparado aos extratos verde (0,78µg/mL) e marrom (0,39µg/mL). Quanto a atividade antiviral, a própolis verde demostrou maior eficácia em ambos os tratamentos celulares (pós e pré-exposição) frente ao BoHV-1 em relação aos outros extratos, ou seja, houve maior viabilidade celular quando comparada aos controles de células e vírus. Já a de jataí apresentou atividade frente aos dois vírus (BoHV-1 e BVDV) no método pré-infecção, enquanto a própolis marrom demonstrou ação apenas frente ao BoHV-1 também no método pré-infecção. Para determinação da atividade virucida foram utilizadas diferentes diluições dos vírus, bem como temperaturas e tempos distintos de incubação. A própolis verde a 37°C propiciou a maior redução no título viral (4,33log) em relação a marrom (log = 3,5log) e de jataí (log = 3,24log). No entanto, frente ao BVDV a própolis jataí apresentou os melhores resultados em ambas as temperaturas (22oC e 37oC). Portanto, os extratos avaliados apresentaram atividade antiviral e virucida frente ao BoHV-1 e BVDV, o que os torna alvo para o desenvolvimento de novos biofármacos como alternativa ao uso de antivirais comerciais em Medicina Veterinária.(AU)
Among the biological properties of propolis, the antimicrobial activity has received prominent attention. In this paper, we describe the antiviral and virucidal effect of three hydroalcoholic extracts of propolis (brown, green and jataí bees (Tetragonisca angustula), against bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BoHV-1) and bovine viral diarrhea Virus (BVDV). All hydroalcoholic extracts were obtained from ethanol extraction. The chemical composition of propolis extracts was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (UFLC-PDA-ESI-TOF/MS) to identify and quantify compounds such as caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic, and flavonoids such as rutin. Cell toxicity and antiviral activity of propolis extracts in monolayers of MDBK cells (Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney) were assessed by microscopic observation and quantified by the MTT assay (3- (4.5 dimethylthiazol-2yl) -2- 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolato bromine). Propolis extract from Jataí bees proved to be less cytotoxic (1.57mg / ml) when compared to green extracts (0.78mg / ml) and brown (0.39mg/mL). Regarding antiviral activity, propolis has shown greater efficacy in both cellular treatments (post and pre-exposure) against BoHV-1 when compared to other extracts, ie, there was increased cell viability compared to cell and virus controls. Extracts from Jataí showed activity against both viruses (BoHV-1 and BVDV) infection in the pre-test, whereas brown propolis demonstrated action only against the BoHV-1 in the pre-infection method. To determine the virucidal activity, it were used different dilutions of virus, as well as different temperatures and incubation times. The green propolis at 37°C led to a greater reduction in viral titer (4.33log) compared to brown (3.5log) and jataí (3.24log). Jataí propolis showed the best results in both temperatures (22oC and 37oC) when tested against BVDV. In summary, the evaluated extracts showed antiviral and virucidal activity against BoHV-1 and BVDV, and may be important targets for the development of new compounds as an alternative to commercial antivirals.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Propolis/therapeutic use , Herpesviridae Infections/therapy , Herpesvirus 1, Bovine , Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral , Bees , Hydroalcoholic Solution , CytotoxinsABSTRACT
Dentre as propriedades biológicas da própolis, a atividade antimicrobiana tem merecido destacada atenção. No presente trabalho, descreve-se a ação antiviral e virucida de três extratos hidroalcoólicos de própolis (marrom, verde e de abelhas jataí (Tetragonisca angustula), frente ao Herpesvírus Bovino tipo (BoHV-1) e ao Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina (BVDV). Os três extratos hidroalcoólicos foram obtidos de extração etanólica e são oriundos do sul do Brasil. A composição química dos extratos de própolis foi determinada pela cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada a espectrômetro de massas (UFLC-PDA-ESI-TOF/MS) que identificou e quantificou compostos como: ácido cafeico e ácido p-cumárico, ácido clorogênico, ácido ferúlico, além de flavonoides como a rutina. A toxicidade celular bem como a atividade antiviral dos extratos de própolis em monocamadas de células MDBK (Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney) foi avaliada através de observação microscópica e quantificada pelo teste de MTT (3-(4,5 dimetiltiazol-2yl)-2-5-difenil-2H tetrazolato de bromo). O extrato de própolis de abelhas jataí demonstrou ser menos citotóxico (1,57µg/mL), quando comparado aos extratos verde (0,78µg/mL) e marrom (0,39µg/mL). Quanto a atividade antiviral, a própolis verde demostrou maior eficácia em ambos os tratamentos celulares (pós e pré-exposição) frente ao BoHV-1 em relação aos outros extratos, ou seja, houve maior viabilidade celular quando comparada aos controles de células e vírus. Já a de jataí apresentou atividade frente aos dois vírus (BoHV-1 e BVDV) no método pré-infecção, enquanto a própolis marrom demonstrou ação apenas frente ao BoHV-1 também no método pré-infecção. Para determinação da atividade virucida foram utilizadas diferentes diluições dos vírus, bem como temperaturas e tempos distintos de incubação. A própolis verde a 37°C propiciou a maior redução no título viral (4,33log) em relação a marrom (log = 3,5log) e de jataí (log = 3,24log). No entanto, frente ao BVDV a própolis jataí apresentou os melhores resultados em ambas as temperaturas (22oC e 37oC). Portanto, os extratos avaliados apresentaram atividade antiviral e virucida frente ao BoHV-1 e BVDV, o que os torna alvo para o desenvolvimento de novos biofármacos como alternativa ao uso de antivirais comerciais em Medicina Veterinária.(AU)
Among the biological properties of propolis, the antimicrobial activity has received prominent attention. In this paper, we describe the antiviral and virucidal effect of three hydroalcoholic extracts of propolis (brown, green and jataí bees (Tetragonisca angustula), against bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BoHV-1) and bovine viral diarrhea Virus (BVDV). All hydroalcoholic extracts were obtained from ethanol extraction. The chemical composition of propolis extracts was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (UFLC-PDA-ESI-TOF/MS) to identify and quantify compounds such as caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic, and flavonoids such as rutin. Cell toxicity and antiviral activity of propolis extracts in monolayers of MDBK cells (Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney) were assessed by microscopic observation and quantified by the MTT assay (3- (4.5 dimethylthiazol-2yl) -2- 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolato bromine). Propolis extract from Jataí bees proved to be less cytotoxic (1.57mg / ml) when compared to green extracts (0.78mg / ml) and brown (0.39mg/mL). Regarding antiviral activity, propolis has shown greater efficacy in both cellular treatments (post and pre-exposure) against BoHV-1 when compared to other extracts, ie, there was increased cell viability compared to cell and virus controls. Extracts from Jataí showed activity against both viruses (BoHV-1 and BVDV) infection in the pre-test, whereas brown propolis demonstrated action only against the BoHV-1 in the pre-infection method. To determine the virucidal activity, it were used different dilutions of virus, as well as different temperatures and incubation times. The green propolis at 37°C led to a greater reduction in viral titer (4.33log) compared to brown (3.5log) and jataí (3.24log). Jataí propolis showed the best results in both temperatures (22oC and 37oC) when tested against BVDV. In summary, the evaluated extracts showed antiviral and virucidal activity against BoHV-1 and BVDV, and may be important targets for the development of new compounds as an alternative to commercial antivirals.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Propolis/therapeutic use , Herpesviridae Infections/therapy , Herpesvirus 1, Bovine , Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral , Bees , Hydroalcoholic Solution , CytotoxinsABSTRACT
Viral exanthems are a common problem in tropical regions, particularly affecting children. Most exanthems are transient and harmless, but some are potentially very dangerous. Pregnant women and malnourished or immunocompromised infants carry the greatest risk of adverse outcome. In this article, parvovirus B19; dengue and yellow fever; West Nile, Barmah Forest, Marburg, and Ebola viruses, and human herpesviruses; asymmetric periflexural exanthema of childhood; measles; rubella; enteroviruses; Lassa fever; and South American hemorrhagic fevers will be discussed.
Subject(s)
Exanthema/virology , Virus Diseases/diagnosis , Alphavirus Infections/diagnosis , Alphavirus Infections/therapy , Erythema Infectiosum/diagnosis , Erythema Infectiosum/therapy , Exanthema/therapy , Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral/diagnosis , Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral/therapy , Herpesviridae Infections/diagnosis , Herpesviridae Infections/therapy , Humans , Measles/diagnosis , Measles/therapy , Rubella/diagnosis , Rubella/therapy , Tropical Climate , Virus Diseases/therapy , West Nile Fever/diagnosis , West Nile Fever/therapy , Yellow Fever/diagnosis , Yellow Fever/therapyABSTRACT
Diseases of the respiratory tract commonly occur in captive chelonians, and several diseases also have occurred in wild chelonians. Infectious causes include viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Herpesviruses have surfaced as important pathogens of the oral cavity and respiratory tract in Hermann's tortoise (Testudo hermanii), spur-thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca), and other tortoises in Europe and the United States. Herpesvirus-associated respiratory diseases also have been reported in the green turtle, Chelonia mydas, in mariculture in the Cayman Islands. Of diseases caused by bacteria, an upper respiratory tract disease caused by Mycoplasma sp has been reported in free-hanging and captive gopher tortoises in the southeastern United States and in desert tortoises in the Mojave Desert of the southwestern United States. Mycotic pulmonary disease is commonly reported in captive chelonians, especially in those maintained at suboptimal temperatures. An intranuclear coccidia has been seen in several species of captive tortoises in the United States, and, in one case, a severe proliferative pneumonia was associated with organisms in the lung. The most common noninfectious cause of respiratory disease in chelonians results from trauma to the carapace. Although pulmonary fibromas commonly occur in green turtles with fibropapillomatosis, for the most part, tumors of the respiratory tract are uncommon in chelonians.
Subject(s)
Respiratory Tract Diseases/veterinary , Turtles , Animals , Coccidiosis/pathology , Coccidiosis/veterinary , Herpesviridae Infections/diagnosis , Herpesviridae Infections/pathology , Herpesviridae Infections/therapy , Herpesviridae Infections/veterinary , Mycoplasma Infections/diagnosis , Mycoplasma Infections/pathology , Mycoplasma Infections/therapy , Mycoplasma Infections/veterinary , Mycoses/pathology , Mycoses/veterinary , Radiography , Respiratory System/diagnostic imaging , Respiratory System/pathology , Respiratory Tract Diseases/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Diseases/etiology , Respiratory Tract Diseases/therapy , United States , West Indies , Wounds and Injuries/veterinaryABSTRACT
As infeccoes herpeticas sao complicacoes comuns em pacientes com AIDS. As manifestacoes clinicas podem ser incomuns e o tratamento antiviral e imperativo. Um metodo diagnostico rapido pode prevenir abordagens e tratamentos incorretos. A reacao em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e um metodo rapido, sensivel e especifico para a amplificacao de DNA e para o diagnostico de doencas infecciosas, especialmente as de etiologia viral. Esta abordagem tem vantagens quando comparada com os metodos convencionais de diagnostico virologico. Recentemente nos relatamos um novo protocolo de PCR para o dignostico rapido de infeccoes herpeticas com supressao da etapa de extracao de DNA. Neste trabalho nos apresentamos um caso de paroniquea herpetica com diagnostico atraves de PCR especifico para Herpes Simplex tipo 1 usando o referido protocolo