Comparative study between high-fidelity simulation and medium-fidelity simulation in decision-making of nursing students: experimental study.

OBJECTIVE: to compare the decision-making of Nursing students, before and after theoretical training on basic life support, using the practice of high-fidelity simulation and medium-fidelity simulation. METHOD: an experimental study was developed, pre- and post-test type, with quantitative, descriptive and inferential analysis, with theoretical training on basic life support and clinical simulation practices, and with evaluation of knowledge and decision-making of Nursing students, at three different moments - before the simulation scenario (T0), after the simulation scenario (T1) and after clinical teaching (T2). RESULTS: 51 students participated in the research, with an average age of 20.25±3.804, of which 92.2% were female. Statistically significant differences (F=6.47; p=0.039) were evident regarding the definition of the problem and development of objectives in decision-making in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: Nursing students demonstrate an adequate level of knowledge and a good decision-making process, based on the most current instruments produced by scientific evidence, in clinical simulation scenarios in basic life support, and this innovative methodology should be deepened in the Nursing teaching. HIGHLIGHTS: (1) Clinical simulation promotes good decision-making of Nursing students.(2) Students demonstrated adequate knowledge about basic life support.(3) Knowledge and practice define the fidelity of clinical simulation.(4) Basic life support can be developed by high-fidelity simulation.

High-fidelity simulation versus case-based discussion for training undergraduate medical students in pediatric emergencies: a quasi-experimental study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of high-fidelity simulation of pediatric emergencies compared to case-based discussion on the development of self-confidence, theoretical knowledge, clinical reasoning, communication, attitude, and leadership in undergraduate medical students. METHODS: 33 medical students were allocated to two teaching methods: high-fidelity simulation (HFS, n = 18) or case-based discussion (CBD, n = 15). Self-confidence and knowledge tests were applied before and after the interventions and the effect of HFS on both outcomes was estimated with mixed-effect models. An Objective Structured Clinical Examination activity was conducted after the interventions, while two independent raters used specific simulation checklists to assess clinical reasoning, communication, attitude, and leadership. The effect of HFS on these outcomes was estimated with linear and logistic regressions. The effect size was estimated with the Hedge's g. RESULTS: Both groups had an increase in self-confidence (HFS 59.1 × 93.6, p < 0.001; CDB 50.5 × 88.2, p < 0.001) and knowledge scores over time (HFS 45.1 × 63.2, p = 0.001; CDB 43.5 × 56.7, p-value < 0.01), but no difference was observed between groups (group*time effect in the mixed effect models adjusted for the student ranking) for both tests (p = 0.6565 and p = 0.3331, respectively). The simulation checklist scores of the HFS group were higher than those of the CBD group, with large effect sizes in all domains (Hedges g 1.15 to 2.20). CONCLUSION: HFS performed better than CBD in developing clinical reasoning, communication, attitude, and leadership in undergraduate medical students in pediatric emergency care, but no significant difference was observed in self-confidence and theoretical knowledge.

Validación de un cuestionario para evaluar la satisfacción de la población usuaria de un centro de simulación clínica / Validation of a questionnaire to assess the user population satisfaction of a clinical simulation center

Introduction: User satisfaction is a very important aspect in any management; it is defined as the concordance between expectations and the final perception regarding the factors that intervene in the provision of services; its evaluation is an indicator of continuous improvement, but expectations differ depending on the context and services; finally, it is necessary to evaluate not only user satisfaction about the educational activity, but also the academic environment. Objective: To design and validate a questionnaire to assess the satisfaction of users of a clinical simulation center in Yucatan, Mexico. Methodology: The design of the questionnaire was based on the SERVQUAL model. A committee of 7 experts evaluated it. For the pilot test, 256 users were selected by random probabilistic sample. At the end of the educational experience, their participation and informed consent were requested to answer the final version of the questionnaire. The reliability analysis was with Cronbach's alpha. Results: The questionnaire was structured with 15 items in 3 dimensions: suitability of the facilities, teaching effectiveness and overall satisfaction. The degree of agreement was evaluated by the content validity coefficient (CVC). Of the 256 users, 70% (179) were women and 30% (77) men, between 18 and 55 years of age. An overall Cronbach's alpha reliability of 0.997 was obtained. Conclusions: The questionnaire is a reliable and useful tool to assess user satisfaction after an educational experience, as well as to identify various factors inherent to the provision of the service.

Introducción: la satisfacción de los usuarios es un aspecto muy importante en cualquier gestión; se define como la concordancia entre las expectativas y la percepción final respecto a los factores que intervienen en la prestación de servicios; su evaluación es indicador de mejora continua, pero las expectativas difieren según el contexto y servicios; por ende, es necesario evaluar no solo la satisfacción del usuario acerca de la actividad educativa, sino también el ambiente académico. Objetivo: diseñar y validar un cuestionario para evaluar la satisfacción de los usuarios de un centro de simulación clínica en Yucatán, México. Metodología: el diseño del cuestionario se basó en el modelo SERVQUAL. Un comité de 7 expertos lo evaluó. Para la prueba piloto se seleccionaron 256 usuarios, por muestreo probabilístico aleatorio. Al terminar la experiencia educativa se les solicitó su participación y consentimiento informado para responder la versión final del cuestionario. El análisis de confiabilidad fue con alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: el cuestionario se estructuró con 15 reactivos en 3 dimensiones: idoneidad de las instalaciones, eficacia docente y satisfacción global. El grado de acuerdo fue evaluado por coeficiente de validez de contenido (CVC). De los 256 usuarios, 70% (179) fueron mujeres y 30% (77) hombres, entre 18 y 55 años de edad. Se obtuvo una fiabilidad alfa de Cronbach global de 0.997. Conclusiones: el cuestionario es una herramienta confiable y de utilidad para evaluar la satisfacción del usuario posterior a una experiencia educativa, así como para identificar diversos factores inherentes a la prestación del servicio.

Percepción de la simulación en obstetricia y ginecología en el pregrado y posgrado de una universidad privada chilena / Perception of simulation in obstetrics and gynecology at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels of a private Chilean university

INTRODUCCIÓN: La simulación es una herramienta que promueve la confianza y desarrollo de habilidades en los participantes. En la evaluación de programas formativos la percepción de utilidad se vincula a la confianza y aprendizaje, y corresponde al primer nivel de evaluación según Kirkpatrick. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la percepción de internos y residentes de obstetricia y ginecología en escenarios de simulación. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Investigación descriptiva cuantitativa, en una muestra a conveniencia de internos y residentes, quienes contestaron una escala de valoración global y de preferencias sobre sus simulaciones. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron 63 respuestas de internos (63%) y 7 de residentes (78%). La valoración promedio de las simulaciones fue de 6,42 en los internos y de 6,64 de los residentes. El 67% de los internos y el 86% de los residentes no eliminaría ninguna simulación. Los internos repetirían todas las simulaciones, en tanto que los residentes repetirían tres simulaciones de un total de 11. CONCLUSIONES: La valoración de las simulaciones fue alta en ambos grupos, difiriendo en las actividades que prefieren repetir, lo cual puede relacionarse con las competencias inherentes al rol de especialista en comparación al rol del médico general o a las diferencias en autoconfianza de internos y residentes.

INTRODUCTION: Clinical simulation is a training tool that promotes confidence and the development of procedural skills in participants, from initial training to the training of professional teams. In the evaluation of training programs, the measurement of perceived usefulness is linked to confidence and learning and corresponds to a first level of evaluation of the quality of training according to Kirkpatricks model. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the perception of medical interns and Obstetrics and Gynecology fellows regarding simulation scenarios. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Quantitative descriptive research, in a convenience sample of interns and fellows, who answered a scale of global assessment and preferences about simulations. RESULTS: The average score was 6.42 for the interns and 6.64 for the scholarship recipients. With odd answers about the repetition of scenarios. 67% of the interns and 86% of the fellows responded that they would not eliminate any simulation. Conclusions: The evaluation of the scenarios was excellent and satisfactory by the participants.

Simulación interprofesional en estudiantes de enfermería y medicina, experiencias de sus protagonistas / Interprofessional Simulation with Nursing and Medical Students: The Protagonists' Experiences

Introducción: El impacto que ha tenido la implementación y avance de la educación interprofesional en las ciencias de la salud, ha demostrado que, articulado a diferentes estrategias didácticas, como la simulación clínica estandarizada, optimiza el aprendizaje colaborativo y el trabajo en equipo. Objetivo: Comprender los significados que estudiantes de enfermería y medicina le otorgaron a la educación interprofesional, desarrollada a través de simulación clínica estandarizada. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo interpretativo, donde a través de una determinación a priori basadas en criterios, se seleccionaron 40 estudiantes de enfermería y medicina que participaron de cuatro casos dentro de simulación clínica estandarizada, durante el segundo semestre del año 2019. Estas interacciones fueron videograbadas y luego se realizaron grupos focales para indagar la experiencia que los estudiantes habían tenido en la actividad simulada. Se realizó análisis de contenido de los videos y los grupos focales hasta que no se encontraron nuevos códigos. Resultado: Emergieron tres categorías principales: 1) Identificar las habilidades relacionales necesarias para la atención, 2) Aprender a colaborar a través de la educación interprofesional y 3) Sensaciones implícitas dentro de la simulación interprofesional. Conclusiones: La experiencia y significado que los estudiantes de enfermería y medicina le otorgaron a esta didáctica interprofesional les ayudó a reconocer la reflexión como punto de partida para el aprendizaje significativo y a descubrir en el compañero saberes que podían nutrir su proceso de formación, así como impactarlos en el desarrollo de habilidades interpersonales importantes en la práctica y que aplicarán en su futuro profesional(AU)

Introduction: The impact of the implementation and advancement of interprofessional education in health sciences has shown that, in articulation with different didactic strategies (such as standardized clinical simulation), collaborative learning and teamwork are optimized. Objective: To understand the meanings that nursing and medical students gave to interprofessional education, developed through standardized clinical simulation. Methods: An interpretive qualitative study was conducted, by means of an a priori determination based on criteria; 40 nursing and medical students were selected to participate in four cases within standardized clinical simulation, during the second semester of 2019. These interactions were recorded and focus groups were then held to delve into the students' experience of the simulated activity. Content analysis was applied to the videos and focus groups until new codes were found. Results: Three main categories emerged: 1) identifying relational skills needed for care, 2) Learning how to collaborate through interprofessional education, and 3) implicit feelings within interprofessional simulation. Conclusions: The experience and meaning that nursing and medical students gave to this interprofessional didactic resource helped them recognize thinking as a starting point for meaningful learning, as well as discover, in their partners, knowledge that could nurture their training process and impact them in the development of important interpersonal skills in practice and that they will apply in their professional future(AU)

Creation and validation of a high-fidelity simulation scenario for suicide postvention.

OBJECTIVE: to create and validate a high-fidelity simulation scenario about the initial support to suicide bereaved people. METHOD: a methodological research study to create and validate a simulation scenario about postvention. Its creation was based on scientific recommendations, the validation process was carried out by experts, based on an instrument developed by the authors; the data were statistically analyzed using the Content Validity Index and Gwet concordance coefficient. RESULTS: the scenario was created to provide initial support to suicide bereaved people in the Primary Health Care context. As learning objectives, welcoming, health care and organization monitoring were proposed according to technical-scientific recommendations. The scenario was validated by 10 specialists in the themes of postvention (5 judges) and high-fidelity simulation (5 judges). The scenario items met the acceptance and reliability criteria (Content Validity Index = 0.80) and satisfactory concordance (Gwet coefficient = 0.640). CONCLUSION: the study presented in full a scenario on postvention with innovative potential that can be used free of charge in clinical simulation development during training of different categories of health professionals, to act in support of suicide bereaved people.

Efectos de la pandemia COVID-19 en la formación de residentes de cirugía general de la Argentina / Efects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the training of residents in general surgery in Argentina

RESUMEN Antecedentes: los sistemas de salud del mundo se han visto afectados en su lucha contra el COVID-19, generando efectos negativos tanto en la actividad asistencial como en la formación de los residentes. Suspender cirugías electivas, disminuir la participación de residentes en quirófano y otros cambios estructurales de los hospitales determinó que los residentes de cirugía experimenten un marcado déficit educacional en su formación. Material y métodos: modalidad observacional y transversal. Se realizó una encuesta anónima online de 20 preguntas a residentes de cirugía de la Argentina. Se confeccionó una base de datos para el análisis estadístico. Se valoraron variables categóricas y numéricas. Resultados: se recibieron 100 respuestas de la encuesta en la que se identificó predominio de residentes de instituciones públicas. Se calculó un descenso del 63% en la cantidad de cirugías en las que participaron los residentes durante la pandemia. El 77% usó plataformas virtuales para remediar el impacto en las instancias de formación académica. El 57% de los encuestados cuentan con programas de simulación quirúrgica en su hospital. La mayoría experimentó consecuencias negativas en sus habilidades quirúrgicas y en su formación durante la pandemia, pero se identificaron diferencias entre el grupo que dispone de simulación quirúrgica y el que no. Conclusión: para resolver el déficit educativo que generó la pandemia por COVID-19, y como medida para potenciar el aprendizaje de habilidades quirúrgicas en situaciones normales, este estudio recomendaría contar con programas de simulación quirúrgica y fomentar el uso de plataformas virtuales como herramienta de formación académica.

ABSTRACT Background: Health systems worldwide have been affected in their fight against COVID-19, generating negative effects on both healthcare activity and training of residents. Cancellation of elective surgeries, less participation of residents in the operating room and other structural changes in the hospitals resulted in an educational gap in the training of residents in surgery. Material and methods: We conducted an observational and cross-sectional study. A 20-question online survey was conducted among residents in surgery from Argentina. A database was created for statistical analysis of categorical and continuous variables. Results: The survey was responded by 100 residents in surgery; most of them belonged to public institutions. There was a 63% decrease in the number of surgeries in which the residents participated during the pandemic. Seventy-seven percent used virtual platforms to mitigate the impact on academic training and 57% count with surgical simulation programs in their hospitals. Most of them experienced negative consequences on their surgical skills and training during the pandemic, but there were differences identified between the group with and without surgical simulation programs. Conclusion: The availability of surgical simulation programs and the use of virtual platforms as an academic training tool could solve the educational gap generated by the COVID-19 pandemic and enhance the learning of surgical skills under normal conditions.

Form for planning and elaborating high fidelity simulation scenarios: A validation study.

Every human being has the right to safe, dignified and harm-free care in health institutions. High fidelity simulation has been used in teaching for the training and continuing education of health professionals to promote quality, safe and humanized patient care. Elaborating scenarios is an important phase to provide a simulation-based experience, and is relevant in the teaching-learning process. The objective of this study was to validate the content and applicability of the High Fidelity Simulation Scenario Planning and Development Form and its Operational Manual. The form could be used to development of scenarios to medicine, nursing, physiotherapy and as well as other specialties in the healthcare. This was a methodological validation study of the form and its manual content by experts in simulation and its feasibility, conducted in two phases: Phase 1: eight experts were selected using the "snowball" sampling technique to validate the content measured by the content validity index; Phase 2 (test): the form and its operational manual validated by the experts were made available to 28 participants in order to elaborate scenarios for the feasibility assessment and participation in the focus group. All items in the form and in the operational manual reached a content validity index above 0.80. The total content validity index was 0.98. The evaluation of the usability of the instruments carried out by the participants reached a percentage above 96.43% in all alternatives except for the item "It was easy to use the form to build your scenario" (75%). Eight participants were present in the focus group. Focus group discussions were categorized into completeness, practicality and usefulness according to comments and suggestions. The form and its operational manual proved to be valid instruments.

Tendencias actuales en la enseñanza de la reanimación cardiopulmonar básica / Current trends in the teaching of basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation / Current trends in the teaching of basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Introducción: La enseñanza de la reanimación cardiopulmonar se basa en el estudio de conceptos, teorías y prácticas que son evaluados con el objetivo de medir el nivel de retención de los individuos. Objetivo: Caracterizar el impacto de las tendencias actuales en la enseñanza de la reanimación cardiopulmonar básica. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de artículos científicos pertenecientes a las bases de datos Medline, PubMed, SciELO Regional y SciELO Cuba. Se utilizaron descriptores en español e inglés y se revisaron 29 citas. Resultados: Las tendencias actuales implican la aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías, la autopreparación y el poco desarrollo de entornos presenciales. Se consideran las escuelas como lugares clave para las nuevas formas de enseñanza. Los simuladores permiten la formación bajo situaciones clínicas reales. El autoaprendizaje garantiza la consolidación de las habilidades prácticas trasmitidas por el instructor y asimiladas por el estudiante. Conclusiones: La reanimación cardiopulmonar garantiza una mejor calidad de vida de la población en general. Con el avance tecnológico se ha abierto una nueva etapa en la formación de habilidades, donde ha primado la autonomía; aunque existen notables desventajas. Entonces se necesita un asesoramiento con instructor, que ofrezca los conocimientos teóricos y prácticos básicos compaginados con un nivel de autonomía del aprendizaje. Este proceso debe seguirse y controlarse. A la vez que la formación no se detiene ahí, la formación sistemática en cualquier lugar permite la reafirmación de lo aprendido. De este modo, los avances tecnológicos desempeñarán su mejor beneficio(AU)

Introduction: The teaching of cardiopulmonary resuscitation is based on the study of concepts, theories and practices evaluated with the aim of measuring the retention level of individuals. Objective: To characterize the impact of current trends in the teaching of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Methods: A bibliographic review of scientific articles from Medline, PubMed, SciELO Regional and SciELO Cuba databases was carried out. Descriptors in Spanish and English were used, as well as 29 citations were reviewed. Results: Current trends involve the application of new technologies, self-training and little development of face-to-face settings. Schools are considered as key places for new forms of teaching. Simulators allow training under real clinical situations. Self-learning guarantees the consolidation of practical skills transmitted by the instructor and assimilated by the student. Conclusions: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation guarantees better quality of life for the general population. Technological progress has opened a new stage in the training of skills, in which autonomy has prevailed; however, there are significant disadvantages. Therefore, there is a need for instructor-led counseling, offering basic theoretical and practical knowledge combined with a level of learning autonomy. This process must be monitored and controlled. While training does not stop at such point, systematic training at any location allows reaffirmation of what has been learned. In this way, technological advances will permit to take the best advantage(AU)

Creation and validation of a high-fidelity simulation scenario for suicide postvention / Construção e validação de cenário de simulação de alta fidelidade para a posvenção do suicídio / Construcción y validación de un escenario de simulación de alta fidelidad para la postvención del suicidio

Abstract Objective to create and validate a high-fidelity simulation scenario about the initial support to suicide bereaved people. Method a methodological research study to create and validate a simulation scenario about postvention. Its creation was based on scientific recommendations, the validation process was carried out by experts, based on an instrument developed by the authors; the data were statistically analyzed using the Content Validity Index and Gwet concordance coefficient. Results the scenario was created to provide initial support to suicide bereaved people in the Primary Health Care context. As learning objectives, welcoming, health care and organization monitoring were proposed according to technical-scientific recommendations. The scenario was validated by 10 specialists in the themes of postvention (5 judges) and high-fidelity simulation (5 judges). The scenario items met the acceptance and reliability criteria (Content Validity Index = 0.80) and satisfactory concordance (Gwet coefficient = 0.640). Conclusion the study presented in full a scenario on postvention with innovative potential that can be used free of charge in clinical simulation development during training of different categories of health professionals, to act in support of suicide bereaved people.

Resumo Objetivo construir e validar um cenário de simulação de alta fidelidade relacionado ao apoio inicial aos enlutados por suicídio. Método pesquisa metodológica de construção e validação de um cenário de simulação sobre posvenção. A construção foi baseada em recomendações científicas e a validação realizada por especialistas, a partir de instrumento elaborado pelas autoras; os dados foram analisados estatisticamente por meio do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo e do coeficiente de concordância de Gwet. Resultados o cenário foi construído para o apoio inicial ao enlutado por suicídio no contexto da Atenção Primária em Saúde. Foram propostos como objetivos de aprendizagem o acolhimento, o cuidado em saúde e a organização de acompanhamento de acordo com as recomendações técnico-científicas. O cenário foi validado por 10 especialistas nas temáticas posvenção (5 juízes) e simulação de alta fidelidade (5 juízes). Os itens do cenário atenderam aos critérios de aceitação e confiabilidade (Índice de Validade de Conteúdo = 0.80) e satisfatória concordância (coeficiente de Gwet = 0.640). Conclusão o estudo apresentou, na íntegra, um cenário sobre a posvenção com potencial inovador, que pode ser empregado gratuitamente no desenvolvimento da simulação clínica, na formação de diferentes categorias profissionais em saúde, para atuarem no apoio aos enlutados por suicídio.

Resumen Objetivo crear y validar un escenario de simulación de alta fidelidad sobre el apoyo inicial a que se le brinda los que están en duelo por suicidio. Método investigación metodológica para la creación y validación de un escenario de simulación sobre postvención. La creación se basó en recomendaciones científicas y la validación fue realizada por especialistas, a partir de un instrumento desarrollado por las autoras; los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente mediante el Índice de Validez de Contenido y el coeficiente de concordancia de Gwet. Resultados se creó el escenario para el apoyo inicial al que está en duelo por suicidio en el contexto de la Atención Primaria de la Salud. Se propusieron como objetivos de aprendizaje la organización de la recepción, la atención de salud y el seguimiento según las recomendaciones técnico-científicas. El escenario fue validado por 10 especialistas en la temática postvención (5 jueces) y simulación de alta fidelidad (5 jueces). Los ítems del escenario cumplieron con los criterios de aceptación y confiabilidad (Índice de Validez de Contenido = 0,80) y concordancia satisfactoria (coeficiente Gwet = 0,640). Conclusión el estudio presentó un escenario totalmente disponible sobre postvención con potencial innovador que puede ser utilizado gratuitamente en el desarrollo de la simulación clínica para capacitar a diferentes categorías profesionales de la salud, para que den apoyo a los que están en duelo por suicidio.

Simulação de alta fidelidade para a posvenção do suicídio: construção, validação e avaliação de cenário / High-fidelity simulation for suicide postvention: scenario construction, validation and evaluation

A posvenção constitui uma importante vertente da prevenção do suicídio e se faz presente nos processos de cuidado realizados por profissionais da saúde. A capacitação e a formação profissional para o apoio a sobreviventes enlutados por suicídio é uma necessidade, principalmente, a partir de métodos inovadores de ensino. A simulação clínica de alta fidelidade se configura como uma estratégia de aprendizagem com potencial para a abordagem dos processos formativos em saúde, em especial, sobre a posvenção. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de construir, validar e avaliar um cenário de simulação de alta fidelidade sobre o apoio inicial a enlutados por suicídio. Foi delineada uma pesquisa metodológica realizada em três etapas, sendo a construção, validação e avaliação de um cenário simulado sobre a posvenção. A construção do cenário foi baseada em recomendações científicas nacionais e internacionais relacionadas à temática de simulação de alta fidelidade e posvenção. A validação foi realizada entre os meses de março e outubro de 2020, por 10 especialistas nas temáticas de posvenção (cinco) e simulação de alta fidelidade (cinco), a partir de um instrumento elaborado pela autora. Os dados da validação foram analisados estatisticamente por meio do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo e pela estatística first-order agreement coefficient de Gwet. A avaliação foi realizada no segundo semestre de 2021 com estudantes e profissionais da área da saúde (n = 60) por meio de uma telessimulação promovida em um curso de formação sobre a posvenção. Os participantes avaliaram o cenário a partir de quatro instrumentos, a Escala Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning, a Escala do Design da Simulação, a Escala de Experiência com o Debriefing e o Questionário de Práticas Educativas. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos às análises descritiva, de multicolinearidade e inferencial, o nível de significância adotado foi de 95%. O conteúdo do cenário abordou ações de apoio inicial ao enlutado por suicídio no contexto da Atenção Primária em Saúde, com foco no desenvolvimento da posvenção. Os itens do cenário atenderam aos critérios de aceitação e confiabilidade (Índice de Validade de Conteúdo = 0,80) e satisfatória concordância (first-order agreement coefficient = 0,640; p = 0,001). Os participantes avaliaram positivamente o plano de simulação, a satisfação e autoconfiança na aprendizagem e o debriefing e foram identificadas associações entre esses desfechos e outras variáveis do estudo. O estudo teve como produto um cenário sobre a posvenção com potencial inovador que pode ser empregado gratuitamente no desenvolvimento da simulação clínica na formação de diferentes categorias profissionais em saúde para atuarem no apoio a enlutados por suicídio

Postvention is an important aspect of suicide prevention and is present in the care processes performed by health professionals. Training and professional training to support survivors bereaved by suicide is a necessity, mainly based on innovative teaching methods. The highfidelity clinical simulation configures a learning strategy with potential to approach health training processes, in particular, on postvention. The present study aimed to build, validate and evaluate a high-fidelity simulation scenario on initial support for people bereaved by suicide. A methodological research was executed in three stages: the construction, validation and evaluation of a simulated scenario about postvention. The construction of the scenario was based on national and international scientific recommendations related to the topic of highfidelity simulation and postvention. The validation was performed between March and October 2020 by 10 specialists in the topic of postvention (five) and high-fidelity simulation (five) using an instrument developed by the author. Validation data were statistically analyzed using the Content Validity Index and the Gwet first-order agreement coefficient statistic. The evaluation was carried out in the second half of 2021 with students and health professionals (n = 60) through a telesimulation promoted in a training course on postvention. Participants evaluated the scenario using four instruments: the Scale of Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning, the Simulation Design Scale, the Debriefing Experience Scale and the Educational Practices Questionnaire. The data obtained were submitted to descriptive, multicollinearity and inferential analyses, the significance level adopted was 95%. The content of the scenario addressed initial support actions for people bereaved by suicide in the context of Primary Health Care, focusing on the development of postvention. The scenario items met the criteria for acceptance and reliability (Content Validity Index = 0,80) and satisfactory agreement (firstorder agreement coefficient = 0,640; p= 0,001). Participants positively rated the simulation plan, satisfaction and self-confidence in learning, debriefing, associations were identified between these outcomes and other study variables. The study resulted in a scenario on postvention with innovative potential that can be used free of charge in the development of clinical simulation in the training of different categories of health professionals to act in the support of bereaved by suicide

Intervenção pedagógica com simulação in situ ação com equipe de enfermagem no atendimento pré hospitalar fixo / Pedagogical Intervention with in situ simulation action with the nursing team in pre hospital care

Introdução: Lacunas na formação e diversidade de perfis profissionais de enfermagem que atuam no Sistema Único de Saúde podem causar iatrogenias de cuidado. Dada a importância de que se reveste o papel desempenhado por tais profissionais no cuidado em saúde, faz-se necessário explorar a contribuição de intervenção pedagógica, com simulação in situ, para a equipe de enfermagem que atua em unidades de atendimento pré-hospitalar fixa, uma vez que a simulação in situ possibilita aprendizagem participativa, inserida na realidade do trabalho, em um ambiente seguro. Objetivo: Avaliar o desenvolvimento de uma intervenção pedagógica com simulação in situ para a equipe de enfermagem que atua em unidade pré-hospitalar fixa. Teve como objetivos específicos: 1) Levantar as necessidades de aprendizagem dos profissionais de enfermagem; 2) Planejar as oficinas teórico-práticas e a oficina de simulação in situ, de acordo com as necessidades de aprendizagem dos profissionais de enfermagem; 3) Realizar o trabalho de campo por meio de aplicação da intervenção pedagógica (oficinas teórico-práticas e oficina de simulação in situ; 4) Analisar a aprendizagem dos profissionais de enfermagem nas oficinas que compõem a intervenção pedagógica. Método: Pesquisa aplicada, do tipo intervenção pedagógica, delineamento quase experimental para avaliação da aprendizagem dos profissionais de enfermagem, no contexto da atividade educativa. O estudo foi desenvolvido em unidade pré-hospitalar fixa do interior do estado de São Paulo, com a participação de 37 profissionais de enfermagem. O desenvolvimento da intervenção educativa ocorreu em três fases distintas: a primeira foi de natureza exploratória, caracterizada pela: a) aproximação do contexto do estudo, b) aprofundamento do conhecimento sobre o tema e c) planejamento da intervenção pedagógica; na segunda fase realizou-se o trabalho de campo e, na terceira fase, desenvolveu-se a análise dos dados relativos à aprendizagem dos participantes com pré e pós-testes nas oficinas 1, 2 e 3, para aferir o desempenho e Objective Structured Clinical Examination para avaliar o desempenho cognitivo, procedimental e atitudinal, durante a simulação in situ. Resultados: com a participação ativa da equipe de enfermagem, durante a fase de exploração foram identificadas as principais necessidades de aprendizagem: atuação da equipe no atendimento em Parada Cardiorrespiratória causada por Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio, com interpretação de Eletrocardiograma e trabalho em equipe. Tal informação permitiu aos pesquisadores avançar para a etapa de planejamento, na qual a intervenção pedagógica foi desenvolvida com quatro oficinas teórico práticas sobre: 1) dor torácica, 2) interpretação de Eletrocardiograma, 3) atendimento ao paciente em Parada Cardiorrespiratória e 4) trabalho em equipe; ainda nessa fase a simulação in situ foi desenvolvida e avaliada em teste piloto. Na fase de trabalho de campo, as oficinas foram realizadas com intervalo de 15 dias entre cada uma. As atividades eram iniciadas com apresentação da proposta, aplicação do pré-teste (oficinas 1, 2 e 3), desenvolvimento da atividade e pós-teste (oficinas 1, 2 e 3). Na oficina 4 (trabalho em equipe) não foi aplicado pós-teste, contou com avaliação aberta sobre a satisfação dos participantes com as oficinas. Três meses depois do término da série de oficinas, realizou-se a simulação in situ, seguindo-se as etapas de pré-briefing, desenvolvimento do cenário e debriefing. Para a segunda análise da aprendizagem com a simulação in situ, utilizou-se o Objective Structured Clinical Examination. A comparação do desempenho dos participantes, nos momentos pré e pós, para as oficinas 1, 2, e 3 indicou diferença significante (p<0,001). Em relação ao desempenho dos participantes na simulação in situ, medida com o Objective Structured Clinical Examination, dentre os 25 itens, 18 deles tiveram execuções adequadas superiores a 80%. Discussão: ações educativas para e com profissionais da enfermagem devem ser desenvolvidas em um processo dinâmico e participativo. Treinamentos regulares favorecem o reconhecimento rápido de sinais e sintomas de Parada Cardiorrespiratória para iniciar a Reanimação Cardiopulmonar corretamente e aumentar as chances de sucesso no atendimento ao paciente. A realização da simulação in situ, no mesmo local de trabalho e com as mesmas equipes que atuam na unidade, permite avaliar, melhorar o desempenho e a comunicação da equipe, aumentando as chances de benefícios se comparado com treinamento em centros de simulação. Conclusão: o desenvolvimento de intervenção pedagógica, com metodologias ativas e simulação in situ, contribuiu para a aprendizagem da equipe de enfermagem. Ao final do estudo, reafirma-se que ações educativas no ambiente de trabalho podem favorecer a qualificação da equipe de saúde, pois permitiu associar a aprendizagem das oficinas e da simulação in situ com as vivências do cotidiano do atendimento na unidade de saúde

Introduction: Gaps in training and the diversity of professional backgrounds that work to the Brazilian Health System can cause iatrogenic care. Given the importance of the role played by such professionals in health care, it is necessary to explore the contribution of a pedagogical intervention with in situ simulation for the nursing team that works in pre-hospital care units, since that in situ simulation enables a participatory learning, accordingly with the reality of daily work, in a safe environment. Aims: This study sought to evaluate the development of a pedagogical intervention with in situ simulation for the nursing team working in a pre-hospital unit. The specific objectives were: 1) To survey the learning needs of nursing professionals; 2) Plan the theoretical-practical workshops and the in situ simulation workshop according to the learning needs of nursing professionals; 3) Carry out field work through the application of pedagogical intervention (theoretical-practical workshops and in situ simulation workshop; 4) Analyze the learning of nursing professionals who participated in the pedagogical intervention. Method: Applied research, of the pedagogical intervention type, a quasi-experimental design to assess the learning of nursing professionals in the context of educational activity. The study was carried out in a pre-hospital unit in a city in the interior of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with the participation of 37 nursing professionals. The development of the educational intervention took place in three distinct phases: the first it was exploratory in nature, characterized by: a) approximation of the study context, b) deepening of knowledge on the subject and c) planning of pedagogical intervention; in the second phase, field work was carried out; and, in the third phase, data analysis was developed, that is, the learning of participants with pre and posttests in workshops 1, 2 and 3 to assess performance and Objective Structured Clinical Examination on assessing cognitive, procedural performance and attitudinal during the in situ simulation. Results: with the active participation of the nursing team, during the exploration phase, the main learning needs were identified: the team's performance in the care of cardio respiratory arrest caused by Acute Myocardial Infarction, including the interpretation of Electrocardiogram and teamwork. This information allowed the researchers to advance to the planning stage in which the pedagogical intervention was developed with four theoretical-practical workshops on: 1) chest pain, 2) electrocardiogram interpretation, 3) patient care in cardiac arrest and 4) teamwork; still at this stage, the in situ simulation was developed and evaluated in a pilot test. In the fieldwork phase, the workshops were held with an interval of 15 days between each one. The activities started with the presentation of the proposal, application of the pre-test (workshops 1, 2 and 3), development of the activity and post-test (workshops 1, 2 and 3). In workshop 4 (teamwork) an open assessment of the participants' satisfaction with the workshops was applied. Three months after the end of the series of workshops, the in situ simulation was carried out, followed by the pre-briefing, scenario development and debriefing steps. For the second analysis of the learning of the participants with the in situ simulation, the Objective Structured Clinical Examination was used. The comparison of the performance of the participants, in the moments before and after for the workshops 1, 2, and 3 indicated a significant difference (p<0.001). Regarding the performance of the participants in the in situ simulation measured with the Objective Structured Clinical Examination, among the 25 items, 18 of them had adequate performances greater than 80%. Discussion: Educational actions for and with nursing professionals must be developed in a dynamic and participatory process. Regular training favors the rapid recognition of signs and symptoms of cardio respiratory arrest to start cardiopulmonary resuscitation correctly and increase the chances of successful patient care. Carrying out the in situ simulation in the same workplace and with the same teams that work in the unit allows evaluating and improving the team's performance and communication, increasing the chances of benefits when compared to training in simulation centers. Conclusion: the development of a pedagogical intervention with active methodologies and in situ simulation contributed to the learning of the nursing team. At the end of the study, we reaffirm that educational actions in the work environment can favor the qualification of the health team, as it allowed to associate the learning of the workshops and the in situ simulation with the daily experiences of care at the health unit

Simulación in situ y "madre" simulada, nuevas estrategias pedagógicas en pediatría / Simulação in situ e simulação "mãe", novas estratégias pedagógicas em pediatria / In situ simulation and simulated "mother", new pedagogical strategies in pediatrics

El proceso de docencia-aprendizaje de las disciplinas clínicas tiene entre sus desafíos la adquisición de habilidades del estudiante con el paciente. Las oportunidades de prácticas clínicas se han reducido. La menor cantidad de consultas pediátricas en el año 2020 durante la pandemia por Coronoavirus exacerbó este hecho. Objetivo: Comunicar la experiencia de simulación in situ y madre simulada realizada por docentes del Departamento de Emergencia Pediátrica del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, dirigida al entrenamiento de estudiantes de la Unidad Curricular Pediatría (Facultad de Medicina-UdelaR), en la realización de la anamnesis de un paciente con patología respiratoria. Metodología: estudio descriptivo. Madre simulada: docentes/residentes. Simulador: lactante-tecnología intermedia. Participantes del escenario: 2 estudiantes. Lugar: DEP-CHPR. Período: setiembre-diciembre 2020. Resultados: Participaron de la simulación 327 estudiantes, 255 contestaron el censo. Utilidad de la simulación: 53,2% muy útil/excelente, poco o nada útil 24,8%, no contesta 22%. Credibilidad: aceptable 38%, muy creíble/excelente 27,5%, 12,5% poco o nada creíble, 22% no contesta. Participación grupal en el debriefing 64,5%, participación parcial 11,4%, sin debriefing 2,1%, no contesta 22%.Discusión: De los 327 estudiantes que realizaron la simulación al menos 24,% la percibió como poco o nada útil. La falta de información previa, la participación en el escenario de 2 estudiantes por grupo y la poca interacción en el debriefing en algunos grupos pudo haber influído. Conclusiones: La experiencia comunicada generó nuevas oportunidades de docencia aprendizaje. Se identificaron aspectos metodológicos que pueden mejorarse.

The teaching-learning process in clinical disciplines includes amongst its challenges the acquisition of the student's skills with the patient. Opportunities for clinical practice have diminished. A smaller number of pediatric visits in 2020 during the Coronavirus pandemic increased this fact. Objective: to communicate the experience of in situ simulation and simulated mother carried out by the faculty of the Pediatric Emergency Department of the Pereira Rossell Hospital Center, address to students in the Pediatrics Curricular Unit (School of Medicine- UdelaR), in the case of an infant patient with respiratory pathology. Methods: Descriptive study. Simulated mother: faculty members/residents. Simulator: intermediate technology infant. Participants in the scenario: 2 students. Location: DPE.PRHC. Period: September- December 2020.Results: 327 students participated in the simulation, 255 answered the census. Usefulness of the simulation: 53.2% very useful / excellent, little or not at all useful 24.8%, no answer 22%. Credibility: acceptable 38%, very credible / excellent 27.5%, 12.5% ​​little or not at all credible, 22% do not answer. Group participation in the debriefing 64.5%, partial participation 11.4%, without debriefing 2.1%, no answer 22%. Discussion: Of the 327 students who carried out the simulation at least 24,8 % perceived it as little or not useful. The lack of previous information, the participation in the scenario of 2 students per group and the little interaction in the debriefing in some groups could have influenced. Conclusions: The communicated experience generated new teaching-learning opportunities. Methodological aspects that can be improved were identified.

O processo de ensino-aprendizagem de disciplinas clínicas tem entre seus desafios a aquisição de habilidades do aluno com o paciente. As oportunidades de estágio clínico foram reduzidas. O menor número de consultas pediátricas em 2020 durante a pandemia de Coronoavirus exacerbou esse fato. Objetivo: Comunicar a experiência de simulação in situ e simulação materna realizada pela docentes do Serviço de Urgência Pediátrica do Centro Hospitalar Pereira Rossell, com alunos da Unidade Curricular Pediatria (Faculdade de Medicina-UdelaR), na anamnese de paciente com doença respiratória. Metodologia: estudo descritivo. Mãe simulada: professores / residentes. Simulador: lactente de tecnologia intermédia. Participantes do cenário: 2 alunos. Local: DEP-CHPR. Período: setembro a dezembro de 2020. Resultados: 327 alunos participaram da simulação, 255 responderam a pesquisa. Utilidade da simulação: 53,2% muito útil / excelente, pouco ou nada útil 24,8%, sem resposta 22%. Credibilidade: aceitável 38%, muito credível / excelente 27,5%, 12,5% pouco ou nada credível, 22% não respondem. Participação do grupo no debriefing 64,5%, participação parcial 11,4%, sem debriefing 2,1%, sem resposta 22%. Discussão: Dos 327 alunos que realizaram a simulação, pelo menos 24,% a perceberam como pouco ou nada útil. A falta de informação prévia, a participação no cenário de 2 alunos por grupo e a pouca interação no debriefing em alguns grupos podem ter influenciado. Conclusões: A experiência comunicada gerou novas oportunidades de ensino-aprendizagem. Aspectos metodológicos que podem ser melhorados foram identificados.

Laboratório de habilidades e simulação clínica em época de Covid-19: possibilidades e recomendações práticas / Skills and clinical simulation laboratory in times Covid-19: possibilities and practical recommendations

RESUMO: Este artigo teve por objetivo refletir sobre as possibilidades do laboratório de habilidades e simulação clínica enquanto espaço potencial para o treino e desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades no ensino em saúde, além de compartilhar estratégias para o planejamento docente e para o uso desses espaços em tempos de pandemia pela COVID-19. Estudo descritivo, exploratório e qualitativo realizado a partir da consulta a protocolos de recomendações sanitárias, diretrizes/planejamento de universidades públicas nacionais e internacionais para o retornodas atividades acadêmicas práticas em cursos da área da saúde e a opinião de especialistas em simulação clínica. São compartilhadas orientações específicas e comuns considerando os tipos de simulação propostas, estratégias de apoio às experiências clínicas simuladas, além de diretrizes sanitárias. Trata-se de recomendações que devem ser discutidas e adaptadas conforme as diferentes realidades, atualização de diretrizes sanitárias dos órgãos de saúde e educação, além do monitoramento do comportamento da pandemia causada pelo coronavírus em todo o mundo. (AU)

ABSTRACT: This article aimed to reflect on the possibilities of the skills laboratory and clinical simulation as a potential space for training and development of skills and abilities in health education, in addition to sharing strategies for teaching planning and the use of these spaces in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive, exploratory, qualitative study based on the consultation of health recommendation protocols, guidelines/planning of national and international public universities for the return of practical academic activities in health area courses and the opinion of experts in clinical simulation. Specific and common guidelines are shared considering the types of simulation proposed, strategies to support simulated clinical experiences, and health guidelines. These recommendations should be discussed and adapted according to the different realities, updating health and education agencies' health guidelines, besides monitoring the pandemic's behavior caused by the coronavirus world. (AU)

Course for the qualification of nurses in the care of children with genetic diseases: an experience report.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the experience of developing and operating an extension course to qualify nurses in the care of children with genetic diseases. METHOD: An experience report about the conduction of a university extension course with eight participants, developed at a public university in southern Brazil. It was a face-to-face course in November 2019. RESULTS: The course covered the following themes: introduction to Genetics in Nursing; rare diseases; inborn errors of metabolism; Neonatal Screening Program; and microcephaly. The content was developed through theoretical aspects, presentation of clinical cases, practical activities, and realistic simulation. CONCLUSION: The extension course provided knowledge to nurses, who develop their functions as team leaders, enabling professional development and the promotion of information on the topic, which corroborates the objectives of the Nursing Now campaign.

Design, assembly and validation of a low-cost, high-fidelity simulator for heart exploration.

INTRODUCTION: Heart exploration is an essential clinical competence that requires continuous training and exposure. Low availability and accessibility to patients with heart disease constitutes a barrier to acquiring this competence. Inadequate cardiac auscultation skills in medical students, residents, and graduate physicians have been documented. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a low-cost, high-fidelity simulator for heart exploration. METHODS: A low-cost, high-fidelity heart examination simulator capable of reproducing normal cardiac sounds was designed and developed. Subsequently, the simulator was validated by a group of experts who gave their opinion according to a Likert scale. RESULTS: Ninety-four percent agreed that the simulator motivates the learning of heart exploration, and 92 % considered it to be a realistic model; 91 % considered that the simulator is an attractive tool to reinforce learning and 98 % recommended its further use. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the simulator facilitates the acquisition of skills and stimulates learning in the student, which can be attributed to repeated practice, longer exposure time and cognitive interaction.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La exploración cardiaca es una competencia clínica fundamental que requiere exposición o entrenamiento continuo. La baja disponibilidad y accesibilidad de pacientes con patología cardiaca constituye una barrera para adquirir esta competencia. Se han documentado inadecuadas habilidades de auscultación cardiaca en estudiantes de medicina, residentes y médicos graduados. OBJETIVO: Elaborar y validar un simulador de alta fidelidad y bajo costo para exploración cardiaca. MÉTODOS: Se diseñó y elaboró un simulador para exploración cardiaca, realista y de bajo costo capaz de reproducir ruidos cardiacos normales. Posteriormente se realizó la validación del simulador por un grupo de expertos que emitieron su opinión de acuerdo con una escala tipo Likert. RESULTADOS: El 94 % afirmó que el simulador motiva el aprendizaje de la exploración cardiaca y 92 % lo consideró un modelo realista; 91 % consideró que el simulador es una herramienta atractiva para fortalecer el aprendizaje y 98 % recomendó seguir utilizándolo. CONCLUSIONES: El uso del simulador facilita la adquisición de competencias y estimula el aprendizaje en el estudiante, lo cual puede ser atribuido a la práctica deliberada, a un mayor tiempo de exposición y a la interacción cognitiva.

Rol de conocimientos previos en los resultados de un programa de entrenamiento en sutura de heridas para estudiantes de medicina mediante metodología EPROBA / Role of previous knowledge in the results of a training program in wound suturing for medical students using EPROBA methodology

Resumen Objetivo: Comparar la adquisición de habilidades quirúrgicas básicas en estudiantes de medicina según el tipo de instrucción teórico-práctica recibida previo a un taller estandarizado de sutura de heridas. Materiales y Método: Estudio cuasiexperimental antes-después para estudiantes de cuarto año durante el 2018. Se realizó taller de sutura de heridas aplicado en modelo biológico (pata de cerdo), previo consentimiento informado y aprobación Comité Ético Científico. Mediante instrumento "The Objective Structured Assessment Of Technical Skills" (OSATS) se evaluó técnica de sutura antes y después del entrenamiento. Se dividió a los participantes según conocimientos previos al taller: Grupo A: recibió instrucción teórico-práctica en pacientes in vivo. Grupo B: recibió instrucción teórico-práctica en modelos de simulación. Grupo C: sin conocimientos previos en suturas. Se evaluó percepción de estudiantes mediante encuesta validada. Se comparó puntaje OSATS antes-después del taller y encuesta de percepción según grupo, utilizando SPSS24® y ANOVA. Se consideró significativo p < 0,05. Resultados: Se evaluaron 124 estudiantes. Grupo A: 17 (13,7%); Grupo B: 38 (30,7%); Grupo C: 69 (55,6%) respectivamente. Existió diferencia en puntaje OSATS de ingreso al taller Grupo A: 19,4 ± 4,9; Grupo B: 13,7 ± 6,3; Grupo C: 11,1 ± 4,5 (p < 0,05). Puntaje OSATS finalizada la intervención Grupo A: 28,8 ± 1,5; Grupo B: 28,0 ± 1,9; Grupo C: 27,9 ± 2,2 (p = 0,48), sin diferencia significativa. La intervención fue bien percibida, sin diferencias significativas entre grupos. Discusión: El resultado de evaluación OSATS finalizado el taller es independiente de experiencias, instrucción teórico-práctica o conocimientos previos a la intervención. Conclusión: Los programas de entrenamiento con evaluación estandarizada pueden equiparar los resultados entre estudiantes con diferentes conocimientos previos.

Aim: To compare the learning of basic surgical skills among medical students according to the type of theoretical and practical instruction they had prior to a standardized wound suturing workshop. Materials and Method: Quasi-experimental before and after study intended to fourth year students for the 2018. The wound suturing workshop was carried out with help of a biological model (pork leg), prior to an informed consent and the approval of the Ethics Committee. The suturing skills were evaluated by the tool "The Objective Structured Assessment Of Technical Skills" (OSATS) before and after the training. All of the participating students were sorted in groups by their previous surgical knowledge: Group A: received theoretical and practical instruction in patients. Group B: received theoretical and practical instruction in simulation models. Group C: without previous suturing knowledge. The students perception was evaluated by a validated survey. The OSATS score before and after the workshop and the perception survey were compared between the groups, using SPSS24® and ANOVA. p < 0,05 was considered significant. Results: 124 students were evaluated. Group A: 17 (13.7%); Group B: 38 (30.7%); Group C: 69 (55.6%) accordingly. There was a OSATS score difference before the workshop Group A: 19.4 ± 4,9; Group B: 13.7 ± 6.3; Group C: 11.1 ± 4.5 (p < 0.05). OSATS score after the intervention Group A: 28.8 ± 1.5; Group B: 28.0 ± 1.9; Group C: 27.9 ± 2.2 (p = 0.48), without a significant difference. The intervention was well perceived, without significant differences among the groups. Discussion: The OSATS score post workshop is independent of experiences, theoretical and practical instruction or previous knowledge. Conclusion: Training programs with standardized evaluation can even out the results among students with different previous knowledge.

Diseño, elaboración y validación de un simulador realista y de bajo costo para exploración cardiaca / Design, assembly and validation of a low-cost, high-fidelity simulator for heart exploration

Resumen Introducción: La exploración cardiaca es una competencia clínica fundamental que requiere exposición o entrenamiento continuo. La baja disponibilidad y accesibilidad de pacientes con patología cardiaca constituye una barrera para adquirir esta competencia. Se han documentado inadecuadas habilidades de auscultación cardiaca en estudiantes de medicina, residentes y médicos graduados. Objetivo: Elaborar y validar un simulador de alta fidelidad y bajo costo para exploración cardiaca. Métodos: Se diseñó y elaboró un simulador para exploración cardiaca, realista y de bajo costo capaz de reproducir ruidos cardiacos normales. Posteriormente se realizó la validación del simulador por un grupo de expertos que emitieron su opinión de acuerdo con una escala tipo Likert. Resultados: El 94 % afirmó que el simulador motiva el aprendizaje de la exploración cardiaca y 92 % lo consideró un modelo realista; 91 % consideró que el simulador es una herramienta atractiva para fortalecer el aprendizaje y 98 % recomendó seguir utilizándolo. Conclusiones: El uso del simulador facilita la adquisición de competencias y estimula el aprendizaje en el estudiante, lo cual puede ser atribuido a la práctica deliberada, a un mayor tiempo de exposición y a la interacción cognitiva.

Abstract Introduction: Heart exploration is an essential clinical competence that requires continuous training and exposure. Low availability and accessibility to patients with heart disease constitutes a barrier to acquiring this competence. Inadequate cardiac auscultation skills in medical students, residents, and graduate physicians have been documented. Objective: To develop and validate a low-cost, high-fidelity simulator for heart exploration. Methods: A low-cost, high-fidelity heart examination simulator capable of reproducing normal cardiac sounds was designed and developed. Subsequently, the simulator was validated by a group of experts who gave their opinion according to a Likert scale. Results: Ninety-four percent agreed that the simulator motivates the learning of heart exploration, and 92 % considered it to be a realistic model; 91 % considered that the simulator is an attractive tool to reinforce learning and 98 % recommended its further use. Conclusions: The use of the simulator facilitates the acquisition of skills and stimulates learning in the student, which can be attributed to repeated practice, longer exposure time and cognitive interaction.

Simulation for teaching cardiorespiratory resuscitation by teams: setting and performance assessment / Simulación para la enseñanza de la reanimación cardiorrespiratoria por equipos: evaluación de escenarios y desempeño / Simulação para ensino de reanimação cardiorrespiratória por equipes: avaliação de cenários e desempenho

Abstract Objective: to evaluate the acquisition of cognitive knowledge in cardiorespiratory resuscitation through training mediated by health simulation and to verify satisfaction with the teaching methodology design. Method: a study of quasi-experimental intervention, of the before and after type, with only one group. Population composed of medical students in the internship phase, nurses and resident physicians, nursing technicians and nurses of the institution's effective staff. Convenience sampling consisting of 91 participants. Data collected through the Sociodemographic and Educational Questionnaire, Knowledge Test and Simulation Design Scale. Data was organized in tables and analyzed based on absolute frequencies, measures of central tendency and dispersion, Cronbach's alpha reliability test, Wilcoxon's test. Results: the increase in cognitive learning was 81.9%, being that for nursing technicians it was 117.8 %. Wilcoxon's test showed a significant increase (p<0.0001) in knowledge. The Simulation Design Scale, displayed 4.55 of global mean. Cronbach's alpha pointed good internal consistency (0.898). Conclusion: the health simulation was effective as a learning-teaching method in cardiorespiratory resuscitation, being effective in increasing knowledge in cardiorespiratory arrest, with a great level of design satisfaction.

Objetivo: evaluar la adquisición de conocimiento cognitivo en reanimación cardiorrespiratoria a través del entrenamiento mediado por simulación de salud y verificar la satisfacción con el diseño de la metodología de enseñanza. Método: estudio de intervención cuasiexperimental, del tipo antes y después, con un único grupo. Población compuesta por estudiantes de medicina en etapa de prácticas, enfermeros y médicos residentes, técnicos de enfermería y enfermeros del personal permanente de la institución. Muestreo de conveniencia compuesto por 91 participantes. Datos recolectados a través del Cuestionario Sociodemográfico y Educativo, prueba de conocimientos y Escala de Diseño de Simulación. Los datos fueron organizados en tablas y analizados con base en frecuencias absolutas, medidas de tendencia central y dispersión, prueba de confiabilidad alfa de Cronbach, y prueba de Wilcoxon. Resultados: el aumento del aprendizaje cognitivo fue del 81,9% y para los técnicos de enfermería fue del 117,8%. La prueba de Wilcoxon mostró un aumento significativo (p<0,0001) en el conocimiento. La Escala de Diseño de Simulación presentó una media global de 4,55. El alfa de Cronbach mostró buena consistencia interna (0,898). Conclusión: la simulación de salud resultó eficaz como método de enseñanza-aprendizaje en reanimación cardiorrespiratoria, siendo eficaz para incrementar el conocimiento en parada cardiorrespiratoria, con un excelente nivel de satisfacción con respecto al diseño.

Objetivo: avaliar a aquisição de conhecimento cognitivo em reanimação cardiorrespiratória por capacitação mediada por simulação em saúde e verificar a satisfação com o design da metodologia de ensino. Método: estudo de intervenção quase-experimental, do tipo antes-depois, com único grupo. População composta por estudantes de medicina em fase de internato, enfermeiros e médicos residentes, técnicos de enfermagem e enfermeiros do quadro efetivo da instituição. Amostragem por conveniência formada por 91 participantes. Dados coletados por meio do Questionário Sociodemográfico e Educacional, teste de conhecimento e Escala do Design da Simulação. Os dados foram organizados em tabelas e analisados com base em frequências absolutas, medidas de tendência central e dispersão, teste de confiabilidade alfa de Cronbach, teste de Wilcoxon. Resultados: o incremento de aprendizagem cognitiva foi de 81,9%, sendo que para técnicos de enfermagem foi de 117,8 %. Teste de Wilcoxon apontou incremento significativo (p<0,0001) no conhecimento. A Escala do Design da Simulação, apresentou 4,55 de média global. Alpha de Cronbach apontou boa consistência interna (0,898). Conclusão: a simulação em saúde foi eficaz como método de ensino-aprendizagem em reanimação cardiorrespiratória, sendo efetiva no incremento de conhecimento em parada cardiorrespiratória, com ótimo nível de satisfação quanto ao design.