Sistema de doble movilidad. La solución francesa en pacientes añosos con fractura intracapsular de cadera y alto riesgo de luxación / Dual mobility system. The French solution in elderly patients with intracapsular hip fracture and high risk of dislocation

OBJETIVO: En la actualidad continúa la controversia respecto al tratamiento quirúrgico más adecuado de la fractura de cuello femoral desplazada en pacientes añosos o con alto riesgo de luxación. En nuestro estudio nos enfocamos en reportar resultados clínicos, funcionales y radiográficos de este tipo de pacientes tratados con artroplastia total de cadera usando el sistema de doble movilidad con un seguimiento mínimo de 2 años. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: En el periodo de enero de 2015 a enero de 2016 los pacientes con fractura del cuello femoral desplazada asistidos en las centrales de emergencia de los hospitales que participaron en el estudio fueron seleccionados. De 137 pacientes, 41 cumplían con uno o más de los criterios de inclusión y aceptaron la indicación terapéutica recomendada. Los pacientes fueron sometidos a artroplastia total de cadera utilizando prótesis con sistema de doble movilidad (cementada o no cementada). Todos los pacientes fueron evaluados con el Mini-Mental State Examination y la distancia de caminata en el preoperatorio, a las 3 y 6 semanas, a los 3 y 6 meses, al año y en años subsecuentes. Las evaluaciones radiográficas fueron programadas a tiempos similares. RESULTADOS: Se evaluaron 41 pacientes, con un seguimiento promedio de 2,4 años (rango 2 a 3,2 años). La media de edad fue de 85,2 (rango 80 a 96 años). Cuatro pacientes fallecieron en el periodo de seguimiento por causas no asociadas a la cirugía, con el implante funcionando. Hubo un solo caso de infección a los 8 meses de la cirugía, tratado con una revisión en un tiempo. No se reportaron casos de luxación en esta serie. CONCLUSIÓN: La utilización del sistema de doble movilidad para el tratamiento de fracturas del cuello femoral desplazadas en pacientes con alto riesgo de luxación y añosos ha demostrado buenos resultados clínicos y radiológicos, que fundamentan la indicación sistemática de uso en nuestros servicios

OBJECTIVE: Actually there is a controversy about the treatment of hip fractures on older patients with high risk of dislocation. Our study is focused on report clinico-functional and radiographic results in this population treated with total hip replacement using a dual mobility system after a minimum follow up of 2 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the period from January 2015 to January 2016 patients assisted at the Emergency Unit at the participant hospital were recluted for participation. A total of 137 patients were assisted and 41 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and accepted to participate. All patients received a total hip replacement with a dual mobility system (cemented or uncemented). The patients were evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination, walking distance test, preop and postop at 3 and 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, one year and subsequent years. Radiographic evaluation was scheduled with clinico-functional review. RESULTS: Forty-one patients included, follow up average 2.4 years (range 2 to 3.2 years). Mean age 85.2 (range 80 to 96 years). Four patients died during follow up due to causes not related to the total hip replacement and the implant was functioning. One case have an infection and was revised in one stage procedure. One case have an infection at 8 months follow-up and was revised in one stage procedure. There were no dislocations. CONCLUSION: The use of dual mobility system in this high dislocation risk population has shown good clinical and functional results, and support the sistematic indication in our services

Comparison of modular and nonmodular tapered fluted titanium stems in femoral revision hip arthroplasty: a minimum 6-year follow-up study.

Both modular and nonmodular tapered fluted titanium stems are commonly used in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, which type of femoral stem is superior remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes of modular and nonmodular tapered fluted titanium. The clinical data of patients undergoing primary revision THA from January 2009 to January 2013 in two institutions were retrospectively analyzed. According to the type of prosthesis used on the femoral side, the patients were divided into the modular group (108 hips; Link MP modular stem in 73 hips and AK-MR modular stem in 35 hips) and nonmodular group (110 hips; Wagner SL stem in 78 hips and AK-SL stem in 32 hips). The operative time, hospital stay, blood loss, blood transfusion volume, hip function, hip pain, limb length discrepancy, imaging data, and complications were compared between the two groups.A total of 218 patients were followed up for 78-124 months, with an average of 101.5 months. The incidence of intraoperative fracture in the modular group (16.7%) was significantly higher than that in the nonmodular group (4.5%; (P < 0.05). At the last follow-up, the limb length difference in the modular group (2.3 ± 2.7 mm) was significantly lower than that in the nonmodular group (5.6 ± 3.5 mm; P < 0.05), and the postoperative prosthesis subsidence in the modular group (averaged 0.92 mm; 0-10.2 mm) was significantly less than that in the nonmodular group (averaged 2.20 mm; 0-14.7 mm; P < 0.05). Both modular and nonmodular tapered fluted titanium stems can achieve satisfactory mid-term clinical and imaging results in patients who underwent femoral revision. The modular stems have good control of lower limb length and low incidence of prosthesis subsidence.

Comparison of cylindrical and tapered stem designs for femoral revision hip arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND: Both cylindrical and tapered stems are commonly used in revision total hip arthroplasty. However, whether the geometry of prosthesis stem has an effect on patient prognosis is unclear. We assume that the tapered stem results in better clinical outcome than the cylindrical stem. METHODS: A multicenter review of 120 femoral revisions with Paprosky I, II, and III defects using cobalt chrome cylindrical stem (54 hips) or titanium tapered stem (66 hips) was performed with an average follow-up of 6 years. Demographic data were comparable between groups. RESULTS: No significant group differences were found in surgery time, bleeding volume, postoperative Harris Hip Score, level of overall satisfaction, and 8-year cumulative survival. However, intraoperative fractures occurred significantly less in the tapered group (4.5%) than in the cylindrical group (14.8%), and stem subsidence was significantly less in the tapered group (2.17 mm) than in the cylindrical group (4.17 mm). A higher ratio of bone repair and lower bone loss were observed in the tapered group compared with the cylindrical group. The postoperative thigh pain rate was higher in the cylindrical group (12.9%) than in the tapered group (4.5%). CONCLUSION: Both cylindrical stem and tapered stem can achieve satisfactory mid-term clinical results in revision total hip arthroplasty. The tapered stem has better bone restoration of proximal femur, lower incidence of intraoperative fractures, and lower postoperative thigh pain rate compared with the cylindrical stem.

Incidence and pattern of periprosthetic hip fractures around the stem in different stem geometry.

BACKGROUND: The number of total hip arthroplasties (THA) is expected to increase worldwide; thus, complications are likely to increase at the same ratio. In this scenario, periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFFs) are an increasing concern. Identifying the predisposing factors is important in order to prevent as much as possible the risk of PFF in the future. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The purpose of this study was to correlate the risk of periprosthetic femoral fractures to the most common patients' comorbidities and stem geometry. We reviewed all THA for non-oncologic indications between 2004 and 2014 with a mean follow-up of six years (range, 2-12). Three thousand two hundred forty-eight patients (3593 implants) were enrolled in the study, and 45 PFF were registered during this time period. Two thousand five hundred seventy-seven implants (71%) were straight stems, and 1015 (28.3%) were anatomic stems. All X-rays were then analyzed and classified according to the modified Vancouver classification. RESULTS: Periprosthetic femoral fractures incidence was associated with anatomic stem geometry (p < 0.001, OR = 2.2), BMI (p < 0.001), and diabetes (p < 0.001, OR = 5.18). PFFs were not significantly associated with age, gender, and all the other variables. Fracture pattern was different between straight and anatomic stems. Clamshell fractures were more likely to occur in anatomic stems compared to straight stems (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Periprosthetic femoral fractures are highly associated with obesity and osteoporosis. Anatomic stems reported a higher incidence of PPF than straight stems. The typical fracture type for anatomical stems is the clamshell pattern, while straight stems are more likely affected by type B fractures.

A traditional hip implant is as effective as newer types for people over 65.

The studyFawsitt C, Thom H, Hunt L. Choice of prosthetic implant combinations in total hip replacement: cost-effectiveness analysis using UK and Swedish hip joint registries data. Value Health 2019;22:303-12.This study was funded by the NIHR Research for Patient Benefit Programme (project number PB-PG-0613-31032).To read the full NIHR Signal, go to https://discover.dc.nihr.ac.uk/content/signal-000771/a-traditional-hip-implant-is-as-effective-as-more-expensive-newer-types-for-older-people.

A Differentiated View on Short Stemmed Hip Arthroplasty - What are the Differences in Fixation and Biomechanics? / Kurzschaft ist nicht gleich Kurzschaft ­ wo liegen die Unterschiede in der Verankerung und der Biomechanik?

The present paper gives an overview of the different types of short stem total hip replacements. There is a pronounced inhomogeneity of the nomenclature in clinical practice as well as in regard to the scientific literature. Examples include neck preserving implants, meta-, epi- or metadiaphyseal fixed implants, microimplants, ultrashort implants, partial neck preserving implants, trochanteric sparing implants, implants with extra- and/or intramedullar fixation, implants without primary fixation, etc. Biomechanically, the short stems vary from very short, completely neck retaining versions up to implants which are just a shorter version of a standard implant. A frequently cited classification recommends the osteotomy level as a discriminating factor. This classification categorizes into a neck preserving, partial neck preserving and neck resecting short stems.

Stem length in primary cementless total hip arthroplasty: Does it make a difference in bone remodeling?

PURPOSE: Stem design is usually accused for proximal femoral remodeling following total hip arthroplasty (THA). The aim of this prospective study was to compare the in vivo changes in bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal femur after implantation of cementless THA with two length alternative stems. METHODS: Between May 2011 and March 2014, 50 patients, who met our selection criteria and received cementless THA, randomized into two groups. Group A received cementless standard femoral stems, while group B received short stems. Harris Hip Score (HHS) and visual analog scale (VAS) were used for clinical assessment. Stem and cup positions and stability were radiologically evaluated. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to follow and compare changes in BMD in different zones of proximal femur between both groups. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 21.4 ± 3.53 months, there was a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in mean HHS and VAS with no significant differences (p > 0.05) between groups. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between groups regarding radiological results and rates of complications. The mean overall BMD was decreased by 11.26% for group A and 8.68% for group B at the final follow-up (p > 0.05). The greatest loss was found in greater trochanter region for group A and so for group B, but to a lesser extent (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Cementless short stem was not able to hold back proximal femoral bone loss, but only can modify or decrease its incidence within limits.

An international comparison of THA patients, implants, techniques, and survivorship in Sweden, Australia, and the United States.

Background and purpose - International comparisons of total hip arthroplasty (THA) practices and outcomes provide an opportunity to enhance the quality of care worldwide. We compared THA patients, implants, techniques, and survivorship in Sweden, Australia, and the United States. Patients and methods - Primary THAs due to osteoarthritis were identified using Swedish (n = 159,695), Australian (n = 279,693), and US registries (n = 69,641) (2003-2015). We compared patients, practices, and implant usage across the countries using descriptive statistics. We evaluated time to all-cause revision using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. We assessed differences in countries' THA survival using chi-square tests of survival probabilities. Results - Sweden had fewer comorbidities than the United States and Australia. Cement fixation was used predominantly in Sweden and cementless in the United States and Australia. The direct anterior approach was used more frequently in the United States and Australia. Smaller head sizes (≤ 32 mm vs. ≥ 36 mm) were used more often in Sweden than the United States and Australia. Metal-on-highly cross-linked polyethylene was used more frequently in the United States and Australia than in Sweden. Sweden's 5- (97.8%) and 10-year THA survival (95.8%) was higher than the United States' (5-year: 97.0%; 10-year: 95.2%) and Australia (5-year: 96.3%; 10-year: 93.5%). Interpretation - Patient characteristics, surgical techniques, and implants differed across the 3 countries, emphasizing the need to adjust for demographics, surgical techniques, and implants and the need for global standardized definitions to compare THA survivorship internationally.

Patient-specific design process and evaluation of a hip prosthesis femoral stem.

INTRODUCTION: There are several commercially available hip implant systems. However, for some cases, custom implant designed based on patient-specific anatomy can offer the patient the best available implant solution. Currently, there is a growing trend toward personalization of medical implants involving additive manufacturing into orthopedic medical implants' manufacturing. METHODS: This article introduces a systematic design methodology of femoral stem prosthesis based on patient's computer tomography data. Finite element analysis is used to evaluate and compare the micromotion and stress distribution of the customized femoral component and a conventional stem. RESULTS: The proposed customized femoral stem achieved close geometrical fit and fill between femoral canal and stem surfaces. The customized stem demonstrated lower micromotion (peak: 21 µm) than conventional stem (peak: 34 µm). Stress results indicate up to 89% increase in load transfer by conventional stem than custom stem because the higher stiffness of patient-specific femoral stem proximally increases the custom stem shielding in Gruen's zone 7. Moreover, patient-specific femoral stem transfers the load widely in metaphyseal region. CONCLUSION: The customized femoral stem presented satisfactory results related to primary stability, but compromising proximo-medial load transfer due to increased stem cross-sectional area increased stem stiffness.

Comparison of periprosthetic bone remodeling after implantation of anatomic and tapered cementless femoral stems in total hip arthroplasty: A prospective cohort study protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Current total hip arthroplasty (THA) implant usage trends favor cementless fixation, and plenty studies have demonstrated that numbers of cementless femoral stems are associated with excellent long-term survivorship and functional outcomes. Various types of cementless femoral stems have been developed and utilized in multiple applications, including straight, tapered, anatomic, customized, short, and even neck stems. All of these designs aimed to achieve maximal primary stability and promote osseointegration. Nevertheless, stress-shielding and periprosthetic bone loss continue to occur and remain critical issues in promoting long-term survivorship of THA. Considering anatomic and tapered stems are the most popular cementless designs today, this prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the effect of stem design on stress-shielding and periprosthetic bone remodeling after implantation of an anatomic stem with proximal fixation (Ribbed Hip system; Waldemar Link, Hamburg, Germany) and the direct comparison to a fully coated tapered stem (LCU Hip system; Waldemar Link). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective cohort study will comprise patients who receive primary unilateral THA with the Ribbed anatomic hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated stem or LCU tapered fully HA-coated stem. The changes in periprosthetic bone mineral density after insertion of Ribbed and LCU stem prostheses will be assessed by means of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the periprosthetic region of interest according to Gruen and colleagues. Standard anteroposterior and lateral plain radiography will be performed for qualitative assessment of the periprosthetic bone remodeling. The following items will be analyzed or measured on follow-up radiographs to compare with the initial appearance on the radiographs taken immediately postoperatively: cortical thickness in each Gruen zone, fitness of the distal stem within the isthmus, femoral stem alignment, radiolucent line, reactive line, periosteal bone reactions, and subsidence. Biologic fixation and stability of the cementless implant will be evaluated using Engh grading scale, and heterotopic ossification will be graded according to Brooker classification. Furthermore, Harris hip score and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index Score will also be assessed for postoperative functional evaluation. These radiologic and clinical assessments will be taken postoperatively, at 6 months, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years after surgery. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study was approved by The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Ethics Committee. The study results will be disseminated at national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. STUDY REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn): ChiCTR1800017841.

[Two-Stage Revision for Periprosthetic Infection of the Total Hip Arthroplasty: a Comparison of Two Methods]. / Srovnání klinických výsledku skupiny pacientu neartikulovaného a artikulovaného spaceru pri dvoudobé reimplantaci TEP kycelního kloubu pro periprotetický infekt.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of the study is a retrospective comparison of results of the two-stage revision total hip arthroplasty using a non-articulating and an articulating spacer to treat periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Two basic hypotheses are evaluated: (1) the clinical outcomes of the patients treated with "hand made" articulating cement spacer are better than in non-articulating patient's group in two-stage revision for PJI of the total hip arthroplasty and (2) PJI recurrence is higher in the group of patients treated with an articulating spacer group. MATERIAL AND METHODS The evaluated group consists of a total of 57 patients (23 women, 34 men) with the mean age of 61.2 years. Group A of 39 patients were treated by two-stage revision using the "hand-made" articulating cement spacer and Group B of 18 patients were treated using the non-articulating spacer. Both the groups were evaluated retrospectively in the reference period: preoperatively and two years after the surgery using the Harris Hip Score (HHS) clinical assessment. The revision surgery for acute and chronic complications of treatment, length of hospitalization, and the PJI recurrence were evaluated for both the groups. RESULTS The resulting HHS clinical reviews were pre-operatively 43.59 points in both the groups with postoperative improvement up to 81.74 points. The mean preoperative HHS scores were 41.67 points (Group A) and 47.77 points (Group B) and two years after the surgery they were 83.43 points (Group A) and 78.08 points (Group B) (two-tailed t-test, p-value = 0.042). In Group A a total of seven revisions were performed in the interval between the two-stage revision (4x recurrent dislocation, 2x persistent infection, 1x spacer fracture). In Group B one patient was revised for persistent infection. In the two-year period after the operation, a relapse of PJI was recorded in 5 patients in Group A (12.8%) and in 1 patient in Group B (5.6%) (Chi-square test, p-value = 0.41). The average time of hospitalization was 51.58 days, whereby 49.72 days and 55.61 days on average for Group A and B respectively (p-value = 0.53). DISCUSSION According to recent studies, the advantage of motion preservation in articulating cement spacers can be complicated by recurrent dislocations, implant migration, periprosthetic fractures or recurrent joint replacement infections, which can further prolong the treatment and worsen the final clinical results. An alternative treatment option is the application of a nonarticulating spacer maintaining the advantage of local administration of antibiotics and reducing the dead space formed by the infected implant removal. Discussed is mainly the choice of the method in case of muscle disorder or presence of segmental bone defects. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate the better clinical outcomes and the higher revision rate of patients with an articulating cement spacer in two stage revision. We didn't find any differences between the risk of PJI recurrence in both groups. Key words:periprosthetic infection, total hip replacement, cement spacer, two stage revision, articulating spacer, nonarticulating spacer.

Vástagos cortos versus convencionales en artroplastia total de cadera: nuestra experiencia / Short versus conventional stems in Total hipShort versus conventional stems in Total hiparthroplasty: Our experience

Objetivo: Evaluar la incidencia de complicaciones y la calidad de vida tras la cirugía en dos grupos de pacientes sometidos a artroplastia total de cadera no cementadas con vástagos corto y con vástagos estándar. Material y Métodos: Se realiza un estudio retrospectivo sobre un total de 106 artroplastias total de cadera implantadas en el Hospital Universitario de Puerto Real entre 2011 y 2015. Se comparan las siguientes variables: estancia hospitalaria, necesidad de transfusión sanguínea, complicaciones mecánicas, necesidad de revisión por cualquier causa, parámetros radiológicos (reabsorción del calcar, hundimiento, dismetría postquirúrgica, metría de cuello remanente) y dolor en cara anterior de muslo en dos grupos homogéneos de 63 vástagos convencionales anatómicos no cementados con 43 vástagos cortos de estabilización metafisaria y preservación parcial del cuello femoral ("partial collum"), implantadas por un mismo cirujano. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la T de Student para el análisis de variables cuantitativas y Chi cuadrado para variables cualitativas. Resultados: Los resultados muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p< 0.05) en cuanto a variables estancia hospitalaria postquirúrgica, fracturas periprotésicas, dismetría, complicaciones mecánicas y metría del cuello remanente. Conclusiones: Los resultados avalan el empleo de vástagos cortos de estabilización metafisaria y preservación parcial del cuello femoral en pacientes jóvenes con adecuada calidad ósea y bien seleccionados, dadas las ventajas clínicas que suponen

Objetives: To evaluate the incidence of complications and the quality of life after surgery in two groups of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty not cemented with a short stem and with a standard uncemented stem. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was performed in a total of 106 total hip arthroplasties implanted in the University Hospital of Puerto Real between 2011 and 2015. The following variables are compared: hospital stay, need for blood transfusion, mechanical complications, need for revision for any reason , radiological parameters (calcar resorption, subsidence, postsurgical dysmetria, remnant neck metrics) and anterior thigh pain in two homoge-nous groups of 63 conventional uncemented anatomical stems with 43 short stems of metaphyseal stabilization and partial femoral neck preservation ("Partial collum"), implanted by the same surgeon. For the statistical analysis, T Student was used for the analysis of quantitative variables and Chi-square for qualitative variables. Results: The results show statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in terms of postsurgical hospital stay variables, periprosthetic fractures, dysmetria, mechanical complications and metrics of the remaining neck. Conclusions: The results support the use of short stems of metaphyseal stabilization and preservation of the greater trochanter in young patients with adequate bone quality given the clinical advantages they imply

Las prótesis de cadera en el adulto joven. Prótesis de superficie y prótesis de vástago corto / Hip prostheses in young adults. Surface prostheses and short-stem prostheses

Los malos resultados obtenidos en pacientes jóvenes cuando se utiliza una prótesis convencional fueron la causa que motivó el resurgir de las prótesis de superficie, en un intento de buscar implantes menos invasivos para el hueso. Los pacientes jóvenes presentan una demanda de actividad adicional, lo cual los convierte en un serio reto para la supervivencia de los implantes. Además, las nuevas tecnologías de la información contribuyen de forma determinante a la preferencia de prótesis no cementadas. Mantener la calidad de vida, preservar el hueso y las partes blandas, así como conseguir un implante muy estable, son los objetivos que todo cirujano ortopédico de cadera persigue para este tipo de pacientes. Los resultados en investigación apuntan hacia el uso de prótesis de menor tamaño, que utilicen más la zona metafisaria y menos la diafisaria, dando lugar al extenso capítulo de las mencionadas prótesis de vástago corto. Ambos modelos tienen su principal indicación en el adulto joven. Su revisión debería ser una cirugía más sencilla pero este hecho solo se cumple para las prótesis de superficie, no así para los vástagos cortos (AU)

The poor results obtained in young patients when using a conventional prosthesis led to the resurgence of hip resurfacing to find less invasive implants for the bone. Young patients present a demand for additional activity, which makes them a serious challenge for the survival of implants. In addition, new information technologies contribute decisively to the preference for non-cemented prostheses. Maintaining quality of life, preserving the bone and soft tissues, as well as achieving a very stable implant, are the goals of every hip orthopaedic surgeon for these patients. The results in research point to the use of smaller prostheses, which use the metaphyseal zone more and less the diaphyseal zone, and hence the large number of the abovementioned short stem prostheses. Both models are principally indicated in the young adult. Their revision should be a more simple operation, but this is only true for hip resurfacing, not for short stems (AU)

[Are Higher Prices for Larger Femoral Heads in Total Hip Arthroplasty Justified from the Perspective of Health Care Economics? An Analysis of Costs and Effects in Germany]. / Sind höhere Preise für größere Kopfdurchmesser in der Hüftendoprothetik medizinökonomisch vertretbar? Eine Analyse der Kosten und Effekte in Deutschland.

Background: In total hip arthroplasty (THA), femoral head diameter has not been regarded as a key parameter which should be restored when reconstructing joint biomechanics and geometry. Apart from the controversial discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of using larger diameter heads, their higher cost is another important reason that they have only been used to a limited extent. The goal of this study was to analyse the price structure of prosthetic heads in comparison to other components used in THA. A large group of patients with hip endoprostheses were evaluated with respect to the implanted socket diameter and thus the theoretically attainable head diameter. Materials and Methods: The relative prices of various THA components (cups, inserts, stems and ball heads) distributed by two leading German manufacturers were determined and analysed. Special attention was paid to different sizes and varieties in a series of components. A large patient population treated with THA was evaluated with respect to the implanted cup diameter and therefore the theoretically attainable head diameter. Results: The pricing analysis of the THA components of two manufacturers showed identical prices for cups, inserts and stems in a series. In contrast to this, the prices for prosthetic heads with a diameter of 36-44 mm were 11-50 % higher than for 28 mm heads. Identical prices for larger heads were the exception. The distribution of the head diameter in 2719 THA cases showed significant differences between the actually implanted and the theoretically attainable heads. Conclusion: There are proven advantages in using larger diameter ball heads in THA and the remaining problems can be solved. It is therefore desirable to correct the current pricing practice of charging higher prices for larger components. Instead, identical prices should be charged for all head diameters in a series, as is currently established practice for all other THA components. Thus when reconstructing biomechanics and joint geometry in THA, it should be possible to recover not only leg length, femoral offset and antetorsion of the femoral neck, but also to approximately restore the diameter of the femoral head and thereby optimise the functional outcome.

Bone scan usefulness in patients with painful hip or knee prosthesis: 10 situations that can cause pain, other than loosening and infection.

In recent years, with the higher median life expectancy, the number of hip and knee replacements has increased. Clinical examination and morphological studies are essential to evaluate patients with a painful arthroplasty. Nuclear medicine examinations also play an important role, their main usefulness being the exclusion of prosthesis complications. Nevertheless, conventional examinations, namely bone scan and white blood cell scintigraphy, can also identify complications, such as loosening and infection. This study describes the normal and pathologic patterns of a bone scan and exemplifies ten common situations that can cause pain in patients with hip or knee arthroplasty, other than loosening and infection, which can be disclosed on a bone scintigraphy. The ten situations that should be considered and looked for when analysing a bone scan are: referred pain, patellofemoral pain syndrome, fractures, fissures, abscess/haematoma, bone insert behaviour, heterotopic ossification, greater trochanter pseudarthrosis, osteoarthritis extension in a knee with an unicompartmental prosthesis, and systemic disease with bone involvement.

Efeitos do Programa Escola de Postura e Reeducação Postural Global sobre a amplitude de movimento e níveis de dor em pacientes com lombalgia crónica / Efectos de un Programa de Escuela de Postura y Reeducación Postural Global sobre rango de movimiento y niveles de dolor en pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico (AU) / Effects of School-based exercise Program of Posture and Global Postural Reeducation on the range of motion and pain levels in patients with chronic low back pain

Objetivo. Comparar os efeitos do programa escola de postura (PEP) e reeducação postural global (RPG) sobre níveis de dor e amplitude de movimento em pacientes com lombalgia crônica. Método. A amostra foi dividida em 3 grupos de 10 sujeitos: grupo submetido ao tratamento através do PEP (idade: 46.30 ± 8.50 anos); grupo submetido ao tratamento através da RPG (idade: 43.60 ± 10.93 anos) e grupo controle (idade: 44.30 ± 10.68 anos). As intervenções foram realizadas em 10 sessões. Para avaliação do quadro álgico foi utilizada a escala subjetiva de dor CR10 de Borg. Para a análise da amplitude de movimento empregou‐se o protocolo de goniometria LABIFIE para os movimentos de extensão coxofemoral (ECF) e flexão da coluna lombar (FCL). Resultados. O teste de Wilcoxon mostrou uma redução nos escores dos níveis de dor nos grupos PEP e RPG (p < 0.0001) do pré para o pós‐tratamento. As comparações intergrupos, através do teste de Kruskal‐Wallis, apresentaram diminuição dos níveis de dor para o PEP (p < 0.0001) e o RPG (p < 0.0001) quando comparados ao CG no pós‐tratamento. A ANOVA com medidas repetidas revelou um aumento na amplitude do movimento para o PEP (ECF: p = 0.006; FCL: p = 0.002) e RPG (ECF: p = 0.034; FCL: p = 0.011) do pré para o pós‐tratamento. As comparações intergrupos apresentaram maiores amplitudes de movimento para o PEP (ECF: p = 0.006; FCL: p = 0.018) e RPG (EQ: p = 0.019; FCL: p = 0.020) quando comparados ao CG no pós‐tratamento. Não houve diferenças significativas entre o PEP e RPG. Conclusão. Os tratamentos PEP e RPG se mostraram eficientes para redução da lombalgia crónica (AU)

Objetivo. Comparar los efectos de un programa de escuela de postura (PEP) y reeducación postural global (RPG) individual sobre niveles de dolor y rango de movimiento en pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico. Método. La muestra se dividió en 3 grupos de 10 sujetos: grupo tratado por PEP (edad: 46.30 ± 8.50 años), grupo tratado por RPG (edad: 43.60 ± 10.93 años) y grupo control (edad: 44.30 ± 10.68 años). Las intervenciones se llevaron a cabo en 10 sesiones. Para la evaluación del dolor se utilizó la escala subjetiva del dolor CR10 Borg. Para el análisis de rango de movimiento, se utilizó el protocolo de goniometría en los movimientos de extensión de la cadera (EC) y flexión de la columna lumbar (FCL). Resultados. La prueba de Wilcoxon mostró una reducción en los niveles de dolor en los grupos de PEP y RPG (p < 0.0001). Las comparaciones entre los grupos mediante el test de Kruskal‐Wallis mostró disminución de los niveles de dolor para el PEP (p < 0.0001) y RPG (p < 0.0001) en comparación con CG después del tratamiento. El ANOVA con medidas repetidas reveló un aumento en rango de movimiento para el PEP (EC: p = 0.006; FCL: p = 0.002) y RPG (EC: p = 0.034; FCL: p = 0.011). Las comparaciones entre los grupos mostraron un mayor rango de movimiento para el PEP (EC: p = 0.006; FCL: p = 0.018) y RPG (EC: p = 0.019; FCL: p = 0.020) en comparación con el GC después del tratamiento. No hubo diferencias significativas entre el PEP y RPG. Conclusión. Los tratamientos de PEP y RPG fueron eficaces para reducir el dolor lumbar crônico (AU)

Objective. To compare the effects of school‐based exercise program of posture (SPP) and global postural reeducation (GPR) on pain levels and range of motion in patients with chronic low back pain. Method. The sample was divided into three groups of 10 subjects: group treated by SPP (age: 46.30 ± 8.50 years) group subjected to treatment by GPR (age: 43.60 ± 10.93 years) and control group (age: 44.30 ± 10.68 years). The interventions were performed in 10 sessions. For assessment of pain was used pain subjective scale CR10‐Borg. For the analysis of range of motion, we used the protocol to goniometry LABIFIE in the movements of hip extension (HE) and flexion of the lumbar spine (FLS). Results. The Wilcoxon test showed a reduction in levels of pain scores in groups SPP and GPR (p < 0.0001) of pre to post‐treatment. Comparisons between groups by the Kruskal‐Wallis test showed decreased levels of pain for SPP (p < 0.0001) and GPR (p < 0.0001) when compared to CG post‐treatment. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed an increase in range of motion for the SPP (HE: p = 0.006; FLS: p = 0.002) and GPR (HE: p = 0.034; FLS: p = 0.011) of pre to post‐treatment. Comparisons between groups showed greater range of motion for the SPP (HE: p = 0.006; FLS: p = 0.018) and GPR (HE: p = 0.019; FLS: p = 0.020) when compared to CG post‐treatment. There were no significant differences between the SPP and GPR. Conclusions. SPP and GPR treatments were effective for reducing chronic low back pain (AU)

Current concepts, classification, and results in short stem hip arthroplasty.

Various short hip stems have been introduced with differing implant concepts of femoral fixation and implant length. There is a lack of proper classification for short hip stems, with a clear and accepted definition for implant length and extent of bone preservation in the metaphyseal and diaphyseal femur. This study analyzed the length of short hip stems. Stems were divided into collum, partial collum, and trochanter-sparing implants. An additional category was added, trochanter harming, which was defined as interruption of the circumferential integrity of the femoral neck. For all of the femoral components described, the designs were compared, excluding stems with insufficient clinical data. The 15 finally selected stems were classified as collum (1 stem), partial collum (7 stems), trochanter sparing (4 stems), and trochanter harming (3 stems). Mid-term results (>5 years of follow-up) were available for only 3 designs in the partial collum group. Taking into account the results of short-term studies (<5 years of follow-up), the femoral revision rate per 100 observed component years was <1 for most total hip arthroplasties. However, the studies varied greatly regarding level of significance, and short hip stems without published results are available commercially. Short hip stems cannot be circumscribed by a simple length limit. For some designs, clinical data collected from large patient cohorts showed a survivorship comparable to traditional stems. In cases that must be revised, this often can be performed with a conventional primary stem, fulfilling the promise to preserve bone for potential future revisions in younger patients.

Revision total hip arthoplasty: factors associated with re-revision surgery.

BACKGROUND: The survivorship of implants after revision total hip arthroplasty and risk factors associated with re-revision are not well defined. We evaluated the re-revision rate with use of the institutional total joint replacement registry. The purpose of this study was to determine patient, implant, and surgeon factors associated with re-revision total hip arthroplasty. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The total joint replacement registry was used to identify patients who had undergone revision total hip arthroplasty for aseptic reasons from April 1, 2001, to December 31, 2010. The end point of interest was re-revision total hip arthroplasty. Risk factors evaluated for re-revision total hip arthroplasty included: patient risk factors (age, sex, body mass index, race, and general health status), implant risk factors (fixation type, bearing surface, femoral head size, and component replacement), and surgeon risk factors (volume and experience). A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used. RESULTS: Six hundred and twenty-nine revision total hip arthroplasties with sixty-three (10%) re-revisions were evaluated. The mean cohort age (and standard deviation) was 57.0 ± 12.4 years, the mean body mass index (and standard deviation) was 29.5 ± 6.1 kg/m(2), and most of the patients were women (64.5%) and white (81.9%) and had an American Society of Anesthesiologists score of <3 (52.9%). The five-year implant survival after revision total hip arthroplasty was 86.8% (95% confidence interval, 83.57% to 90.25%). In adjusted models, age, total number of revision surgical procedures performed by the surgeon, fixation, and bearing surface were associated with the risk of re-revision. For every ten-year increase in patient age, the hazard ratio for re-revision decreases by a factor of 0.72 (95% confidence interval, 0.58 to 0.90). For every five revision surgical procedures performed by a surgeon, the risk of revision decreases by a factor of 0.93 (95% confidence interval, 0.86 to 0.99). At the time of revision, a new or retained cemented femoral implant or all-cemented hip implant increases the risk of revision by a factor of 3.19 (95% confidence interval, 1.22 to 8.38) relative to a retained or new uncemented hip implant. A ceramic on a highly cross-linked polyethylene bearing articulation decreases the hazard relative to metal on highly cross-linked polyethylene by a factor of 0.32 (95% confidence interval, 0.11 to 0.95). Metal on constrained bearing increases the hazard relative to metal on highly cross-linked polyethylene by a factor of 3.32 (95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 9.48). CONCLUSIONS: When evaluating patient, implant, and surgical factors at the time of revision total hip arthroplasty, age, surgeon experience, implant fixation, and bearing surfaces had significant impacts on the risk of re-revision.

A new approach to managing patients with problematic metal hip implants: the use of an Internet-enhanced multidisciplinary team meeting: AAOS exhibit selection.

BACKGROUND: Over one million patients worldwide are estimated to have a metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty. To improve the management of these patients and reduce surgeon uncertainty regarding decision-making, we designed an Internet-enhanced multidisciplinary team (iMDT) working approach. METHODS: From August 2012 to April 2014, the iMDT discussed 215 patients with 266 metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties. Of these, 236 primary arthroplasties (132 hip resurfacing and 104 total hip) were analyzed. The remaining thirty cases involved problematic revised hips and were therefore excluded. The possible recommendations of the iMDT were monitoring, further investigation, or surgery. The concordance between the recommendation and the actual management was used to assess the usefulness of this approach in reducing uncertainty in surgeon-level decision-making. RESULTS: The median Oxford Hip Score was 35 (range, 4 to 48), and median cobalt and chromium levels in whole blood were 3.54 ppb (range, 0.18 to 161.46 ppb) and 3.17 ppb (range, 0.20 to 100.67 ppb), respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed abductor muscle atrophy in ninety-two (39%) of the hips and a pseudotumor in eighty (34%). The iMDT recommended monitoring of 146 (61.9%) of the hips, further investigation of thirty (12.7%), and surgery in sixty (25.4%). The actual outcome was concordant with the recommendation in 211 (91.7%) of the hips. CONCLUSIONS: Our iMDT approach to the metal-on-metal hip burden combines the tacit knowledge of an expert panel, regulatory guidance, and up-to-date evidence to improve decision-making among surgeons. The high level of concordance between the recommendation and the actual outcome, combined with the feasibility of the methods used, suggest that this method effectively reduces uncertainty among surgeons and may lead to improved patient outcomes.