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1.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-211444

ABSTRACT

El cuidado a largo plazo corresponde a brindar asistencia a quienes tienen comprometida su capacidad funcional, física o cognitiva; lo que determina su dependencia para recibir ayuda en las actividades básicas de la vida diaria. Si bien esta definición es actual y responde mayoritariamente a las necesidades de cuidado de las personas mayores (PM), durante la historia de Chile existe evidencia que se brindó este tipo de cuidados de manera formal en instituciones dependientes de la Corona Española, en una primera instancia, y posteriormente a cargo de instituciones dependientes de la naciente República de Chile y de la influyente Iglesia Católica (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , Hospices/history , Mental Disorders/history , Video Recording , Chile
3.
Bull Hist Med ; 94(2): 268-288, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33416554

ABSTRACT

The American hospice movement arose in the 1970s as an alternative to standard hospital care for terminally ill patients, emphasizing symptom management and psychological and spiritual care. St. Luke's Hospice of New York City was an outlier in this movement. While other hospices sought to distance themselves from the preexisting healthcare system for fear of its corrupting influence, St. Luke's sought to transform the system from within. While other hospices ultimately accommodated state and federal regulations for terminal care, St. Luke's tried to survive outside of this newly regulated space. This examination of St. Luke's Hospice complicates the preexisting narrative of the hospice movement as a countercultural movement that was subsequently corrupted by integration into mainstream healthcare. It also demonstrates opportunities and challenges in trying to change the structure and culture of the acute care hospital.


Subject(s)
Hospices/history , Terminal Care/history , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , New York City
4.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos ; 26(4): 1203-1210, 2019.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31800836

ABSTRACT

This research note lays out methodological approaches, documentary sources, historiographical inscription and reflections that arose from an ongoing research study entitled "From the Hospício de Pedro II to the Hospital Nacional de Alienados: a hundred years of records (1841-1944)." A group of researchers and students involved in the project have analyzed the history of the first psychiatric institution in Brazil for the period from the second half of the nineteenth century through the mid-twentieth century. They are also committed to the ideal of contributing to the organization and conservation of the documentary sources of this institution. Here we present the innovative nature of the project, especially due to its methodological approaches in combination with its focus on preserving historical documents.


Esta nota de investigación expone perspectivas metodológicas, fuentes documentales, inscripción historiográfica y reflexiones que surgen de la investigación en curso, titulada "Del Hospício de Pedro II al Hospital Nacional de Alienados: cien años de historias (1841-1944)". Un grupo de investigadores y estudiantes asociados al proyecto han analizado la historia de la primera institución psiquiátrica de Brasil en el periodo comprendido entre la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y mediados del siglo XX. También están comprometidos con el ideal de contribuir a la organización y conservación de los fondos documentales de esta institución. Aquí presentamos el carácter innovador del proyecto, especialmente por sus perspectivas metodológicas en combinación con enfoques de preservación de documentos históricos.


Subject(s)
Historiography , Hospital Records , Hospitals, Psychiatric/history , Psychiatry/history , Brazil , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Hospices/history , Prisons/history
5.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 26(4): 1203-1210, out.-dez. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056264

ABSTRACT

Resumen Esta nota de investigación expone perspectivas metodológicas, fuentes documentales, inscripción historiográfica y reflexiones que surgen de la investigación en curso, titulada "Del Hospício de Pedro II al Hospital Nacional de Alienados: cien años de historias (1841-1944)". Un grupo de investigadores y estudiantes asociados al proyecto han analizado la historia de la primera institución psiquiátrica de Brasil en el periodo comprendido entre la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y mediados del siglo XX. También están comprometidos con el ideal de contribuir a la organización y conservación de los fondos documentales de esta institución. Aquí presentamos el carácter innovador del proyecto, especialmente por sus perspectivas metodológicas en combinación con enfoques de preservación de documentos históricos.


Abstract This research note lays out methodological approaches, documentary sources, historiographical inscription and reflections that arose from an ongoing research study entitled "From the Hospício de Pedro II to the Hospital Nacional de Alienados: a hundred years of records (1841-1944)." A group of researchers and students involved in the project have analyzed the history of the first psychiatric institution in Brazil for the period from the second half of the nineteenth century through the mid-twentieth century. They are also committed to the ideal of contributing to the organization and conservation of the documentary sources of this institution. Here we present the innovative nature of the project, especially due to its methodological approaches in combination with its focus on preserving historical documents.


Subject(s)
History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Psychiatry/history , Hospital Records , Historiography , Hospitals, Psychiatric/history , Prisons/history , Brazil , Hospices/history
6.
Chin Med Sci J ; 33(4): 199-203, 2018 Dec 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30646981

ABSTRACT

The concept of End-of-Life Care (EOLC) came into China in the late 1980s. However, hospice and palliative care in medical practice develope slowly. In recent years, profesionals, patients and their families, as well as government begin to attach importance to it. There is a hospice and palliative care movement now in China. This article gives an overview of the progress and the current status in multiple aspects of hospice and palliative care in mainland China, and points out the barriers and challenges for its further development in the future.


Subject(s)
Hospice Care/statistics & numerical data , Hospices/statistics & numerical data , Palliative Care/statistics & numerical data , China , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Hospice Care/history , Hospices/history , Humans , Palliative Care/history
7.
Asclepio ; 69(2): 0-0, jul.-dic. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-169340

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo nos ocupamos del desarrollo de la anatomopatología en el campo psiquiátrico en Buenos Aires, Argentina, principalmente en el Hospicio de las Mercedes a principios del 1900. Por medio del doctor Domingo Cabred, el gobierno argentino contrató al médico alemán Cristofredo Jacob a través del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, para que se hiciera cargo del Laboratorio de Clínica Psiquiátrica y Neurológica del Hospicio de las Mercedes (1889-1904). Para facilitar su trabajo, se construyó un laboratorio que era la réplica exacta del laboratorio de anatomía patológica en el que Jacob trabajaba en Alemania. Su labor fue fundamental, dado que cimentó la escuela neurobiológica argentina, campo en el que dejó importantes discípulos (Stagnaro, 2006). A partir de este contexto, investigaremos en este artículo parte del trabajo desarrollado en dicho laboratorio. Nos centraremos en los registros de una población de pacientes que fallecieron y fueron autopsiados en el hospicio. Examinaremos cuáles fueron los diagnósticos y analizaremos algunos vínculos entre la clínica de investigación y la teoría de la época referida a la anatomía patológica. Demostraremos que las prácticas del laboratorio - no sólo la autopsia, sino también los análisis de sangre - eran tecnologías críticas para sostener el marco diagnóstico higiénico. Las autopsias construyeron la conexión causal entre los cambios del cuerpo anatomoclínico y la psicopatología; y así, establecía la disciplina psiquiátrica como una rama legitima de la medicina, que generaba explicaciones científicas para la problemática social de la inmigración en el cambio de siglo en Argentina (AU)


In this article, we explore the development of pathological anatomy in the psychiatric field in Buenos Aires, Argentina, particularly in the Mercedes hospital beginning around 1900. The Argentine government, by means of Dr. Domingo Cabred, contracted German physician Christofried Jakob, through the Ministry of Foreign Relations, to take charge of the Laboratory of Clinical Psychiatry and Neurology at the Mercedes Hospital (1889-1904). To facilitate this work, a laboratory was constructed that was an exact replica of the laboratory of pathological anatomy developed in Germany. This work was critical to cementing the neurobiological school in Argentina and produced important followers of the biological approach to psychiatry. In this article, we investigate a part of the work that developed in this laboratory. Specifically, we focus on the registry of a population of patients who died and were subsequently autopsied in the hospital. We examine the diagnoses that were used to characterize this population and analyze the relationship between laboratory practice and the theory of anatomical pathology during this period. We show that laboratory practices - not just autopsy but also blood tests - were critical technologies to sustain a hygienic diagnostic framework in the hospital. Autopsies demonstrated the causal connection between changes in the anatomical-clinical body and psychopathology and thus, established the psychiatric field as a legitimate branch of medicine that produced scientific explanations for the social problematic of immigration at the turn of the century in Argentina (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Hospitals, Psychiatric/history , Neurobiology/history , Pathology/history , Psychopathology/history , Psychiatry/history , Argentina , Hospices/history , Autopsy , Emigration and Immigration/history , Cause of Death
8.
Asclepio ; 69(2): 0-0, jul.-dic. 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-169341

ABSTRACT

Este trabajo analiza la forma en que la prensa de la capital republicana difundió informaciones durante la primera década del siglo XX, contribuyendo a la formación de opiniones acerca del Hospicio Nacional de Alienados (HNA), primera institución psiquiátrica brasileña que abrió sus puertas en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro en 1852. Para esta investigación hemos analizado las noticias sobre el Hospicio en dos diarios: O Paiz y Correio da Manhã. Hemos seguido en ella tanto la historiografía brasileña más reciente, como la referente a la historia de la psiquiatría en Iberoamérica, con objeto de relativizar la relevancia otorgada a la psiquiatría y al manicomio en su función de control social, así como de apuntar su carácter híbrido y polifacético en las noticias que se publicaron en la prensa de la capital federal. En los dos periódicos, el conjunto variado de menciones sobre el HNA pone en juego tres puntos de vista: los dos primeros se centran en la descripción y el retrato de la vida institucional, llevado a cabo por prensa, en sus diferentes aspectos (administrativo, asistencial, científico); mientras que el tercero analiza aquellas situaciones en que el Hospicio se contempla como una solución para acontecimientos que perturbaban la vida de la ciudad (AU)


During the first decade of the twentieth century, the press of the republican capital disseminated representations and helped to form opinions about the National Hospice of Alienated Persons (HNA), the first Brazilian psychiatric institution, which began to function in the city of Rio de Janeiro in 1852. For this investigation we have analyzed the news about the hospice in two newspapers - O Paiz and Correio da Manhã. We follow here the most recent Brazilian historiography, as well as the history of psychiatry in Ibero-American countries, to discuss the emphasis given to the social control function of the asylum and to point out its hybrid and multifaceted character in the news that circulated in the press of the federal capital. In the two newspapers, the varied set of references to the HNA puts into circulation three points of view: the first two express how the institutional life, in its different aspects (administrative, welfare, scientific) is described and portrayed by the press; while the third point of view brings together the situations in which the hospice is considered as a solution for events that disturb the life of the city (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Hospices/history , Hospitals, Psychiatric/history , Mental Disorders/history , Social Perception , 50135 , Public Opinion/history , Brazil
9.
Asclepio ; 69(2): 0-0, jul.-dic. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-169342

ABSTRACT

En este artículo se analizan 159 historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnósticos relacionados al consumo de alcohol en el Manicomio Departamental de Antioquia entre 1920 y 1930. En esa década se inició una transformación institucional con la llegada a la dirección del Dr. Lázaro Uribe Calad. Además fue muy discutido entre médicos y políticos el lugar del alcoholismo como causa determinante de la degeneración racial. En los escritos médicos se evidencia una preocupación constante debido a las terribles consecuencias que podía traer el elevado consumo de alcohol en la sociedad. Sin embargo, en la revisión exhaustiva de fuentes como las estadísticas anuales del Manicomio y las historias clínicas, encontramos que la práctica clínica refleja otra realidad. Se concluye que la cantidad de pacientes que fueron diagnosticados como alcohólicos o cuya etiología estuvo vinculada con la bebida, fueron muy inferiores a los señalados por los médicos. Dichos ingresos respondieron principalmente a problemas de orden moral y social, mas no a cuestiones propiamente psiquiátricas (AU)


In this article we analyze 159 clinical records of patients with diagnoses related to alcohol at the Departamental Mental Hospital of Antioquia, between the years of 1920 and 1930. In that decade an institutional transformation began with the arrival at the direction of Dr. Lázaro Uribe Calad. Besides it was very discussed in the medical and political sector the idea of the racial degeneracy, a matter in which alcoholism played a central role. It is observed in medical publications a constant concern due to the terrible consequences that the high consumption of alcohol could bring in society. However, a deeper review of sources such as the annual Statistics of the Mental Hospital and the clinical records, shows how clinical practice reflected another reality. It is concluded that both, the number of patients who were diagnosed as alcoholic or whose etiology was related to the drink, were much lower than those indicated by the doctors. These incomes mainly responded to moral and social problems, but not to psychiatric issues (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Alcoholism/history , Hospitals, Psychiatric/history , Hospices/history , Mental Disorders/history , Colombia , Medical Records/statistics & numerical data , Diagnostic Errors/history , Causality
10.
Asclepio ; 69(2): 0-0, jul.-dic. 2017.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-169343

ABSTRACT

En un contexto de desarrollo de la anatomía patológica y de la irrupción de la mirada científica sobre el cuerpo de los enfermos mentales, los asilos de locos subrayaron la importancia del espacio, real o simulado, como recurso curativo. Las Casas de Orates se armaron a partir de una propuesta que en su diseño, emplazamiento y realización representó los principios del alienismo, ajustados a la realidad chilena. Este proceso impulsó un escenario asilar específico, con paisajes interiores y exteriores, que caracterizaron al alienismo local y a su promesa de tratar la locura. Este artículo estudia los asilos proyectados o levantados en Chile desde la Casa de Locos (1852) hasta el Open Door Nacional (1928), dando cuenta de los procesos de apropiación de un modelo internacional desde las particularidades del paisaje local asilar (AU)


In a period shaped by the development of anatomical pathology and by the entrance of the scientific gaze over the body of the insane, the mental asylum underscored the key importance of the space, real or simulate, as a therapeutic tool. Madhouses were influenced by a proposal that followed in terms of design, location and implementation, the principles of alienism, adjusted to the Chilean setting. This process contributed to develop a specific asylum space, with internal and external landscapes, which characterized local alienism and its promise to treat madness. This article studies the Chilean asylums -planned or built- from the Madhouse (1852) to the National Open Door (1928), in order to show the process of appropriation of an international therapeutic model from the peculiarities of the institutional landscape (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Hospitals, Psychiatric/history , Hospices/history , Health Facility Environment/history , Mental Disorders/history , Chile , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/history , Social Problems/history
11.
Asclepio ; 69(2): 0-0, jul.-dic. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-169344

ABSTRACT

El artículo cuestiona el binomio que asocia la cronicidad y la incurabilidad de las enfermedades mentales con el custodialismo del manicomio mediante un estudio de caso, el Manicomio La Castañeda de México, 1910-1968. Se contrastan los discursos sobre la cura y la cronicidad que elaboraron los psiquiatras mexicanos y las tendencias estadísticas de los pacientes ingresados: nuevas admisiones, reingresos, altas, duración de la estancia y diagnósticos a la luz de los nuevos tratamientos. Concluye que para los médicos, la función terapéutica del manicomio se vio muy golpeada por la cronicidad y la sobrepoblación, pero según las estadísticas, el 80% de los pacientes sólo tuvo un ingreso con una internación de 15 meses y las largas estancias de los que reingresaron no impactaron estadísticamente; las dos terceras partes de los enfermos salieron del manicomio, y desde los años cincuenta en el contexto de las nuevas terapéuticas (AU)


The article questions the binomial that associates the chronicity and incurability of mental illness with the custodialism of the asylum through a case study, Asylum La Castañeda in Mexico, from 1910 to 1968. We contrast the discourses about the cure and chronicity constructed by Mexican psychiatrists and the statistical trends of patients admitted: new admissions, readmissions, discharges, length of stay, and diagnoses in the light of new treatments. We concluded that according to the doctors, the asylum therapeutic function was severely affected by chronicity and overpopulation, but according to statistics, 80% of the patients had only one admission with a 15-month hospitalization and the long-term confinement rates of readmissions did not impact statistically; two-thirds of the patients left the asylum, and since the 1950s in the context of new therapeutics (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Mental Disorders/history , Incurable Patients/history , Hospitals, Psychiatric/history , Hospices/history , Mexico/epidemiology , Chronic Disease/epidemiology , Patient Discharge/statistics & numerical data , Patient Readmission/statistics & numerical data , Hospital Bed Capacity/statistics & numerical data
13.
Rev Soc Fr Hist Hop ; (157): 57-63, 2017 Apr.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30726624
14.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 23(4): 1153-1167, oct.-dic. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-828874

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este artigo é parte do esforço de compilação das análises elaboradas em dissertação de mestrado, defendida em 2012. Apresentamos novas perspectivas sobre o Hospício de Pedro II entre 1883 e 1889, a partir de pesquisa empreendida com as fichas de entrada e os anexos de pacientes internados na instituição, fundada em 1852, no Rio de Janeiro. Buscamos destacar a participação de atores diversos e as imbricações de diferentes interesses e demandas em relação ao hospício. Assim, além do olhar médico-científico, apontamos a importância de ampliar o debate sobre a instituição, considerando sua importância, tanto pelo viés caritativo quanto pelo papel central nas relações políticas e sociais do Império.


Abstract This article is part of an effort to compile the analyses made for my master’s dissertation from 2012. It contains new perspectives on Hospício de Pedro II (Pedro II Hospice) between 1883 and 1889, drawing on research of admissions records and files of patients staying at the institution, founded in 1852 in Rio de Janeiro. The involvement of different players and the interplay of different interests and demands with regard to the hospice are highlighted. It is important to expand the debate concerning the institution beyond medical and scientific aspects, considering its importance both as a charity and for its key role in the political and social relations of the empire.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , Charities/history , Hospices/history , Hospitals, Psychiatric/history , Brazil
15.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos ; 23(4): 1153-1167, 2016.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27737371

ABSTRACT

This article is part of an effort to compile the analyses made for my master's dissertation from 2012. It contains new perspectives on Hospício de Pedro II (Pedro II Hospice) between 1883 and 1889, drawing on research of admissions records and files of patients staying at the institution, founded in 1852 in Rio de Janeiro. The involvement of different players and the interplay of different interests and demands with regard to the hospice are highlighted. It is important to expand the debate concerning the institution beyond medical and scientific aspects, considering its importance both as a charity and for its key role in the political and social relations of the empire.


Subject(s)
Charities/history , Hospices/history , Hospitals, Psychiatric/history , Brazil , History, 19th Century , Humans
16.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 86(1): 75-78, ene.-mar. 2016. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-785645

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Desde las épocas más antiguas la instalación de hospitales y progresos de la clínica avanzaron pari passu. Hallamos ejemplos de tal aserto tanto en regiones propiamente griegas como en ciudades griegas de ultramar. Así, pues, en el periodo renacentista convergieron en Italia grandes figuras de aquel tiempo: el genial Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) y León Battista Alberti (1404-1472), humanista e innovador de la arquitectura. Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564) y los artistas, sus contemporáneos, efectuaron disecciones anatómicas para perfeccionar su arte con el estudio de las formas del cuerpo humano. Los estudios anatómicos florecieron en la Universidad de Padua, impulsados por el flamenco Andreas Wesel, quién enseñó ahí esta disciplina desde 1437 hasta 1543. Los grandes anatomistas italianos del siglo XVI fueron discípulos directos o indirectos del maestro flamenco. Preparados por el estudio riguroso del sustrato anatómico resplandecieron, en el siglo XVII, los estudios concernientes a la función de las estructuras orgánicas ya conocidas. Dicho siglo se inició con la revelación de la circulación sanguínea mayor, por el médico inglés William Harvey, egresado de la Universidad de Padua, y se continuaron con la descripción de la circulación menor o pulmonar por autores antiguos o contemporáneos y de las conexiones periféricas entre el sistema arterial y el venoso (Marcello Malpigni, 1661). Todos estos investigadores, y otros más, eran miembros de la universidad patavina, en donde persistía la influencia benéfica de las enseñanzas de Galileo. En los siglos siguientes, junto con la anatomía normal y la embriología, la anatomía patológica, sistematizada por G.B. Morgagni, se impuso como piedra de toque de la clínica. Y el modelo de los antiguos hospitales evolucionó hacia el de los Institutos nacionales de salud, auspiciados por el maestro Ignacio Chávez.


Abstract: Since the most ancient times, hospital constructions and progresses in the clinical practice advanced pari passu. We can find exampless of this statement in Greek regions as well as in Greek citie overseas. Thus, during the renaissance, great figures ot that time converged in Italy: The genius Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) and Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472), a humanist and innovator of architecture. Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564) and his contemporany artists performed anatomical dissection to perfect their art by studying the human body. Anatomical studies flourished at the University of Padua, driven by the Flemish Master. Based on the rigorous study of the anatomical substrate, the studies on the function of the already known organic structures excelled in the XVII century. That century started with the revelation of the major blood circulation by the British physician William Harvey, alumni of the University of Padua, and continued with the description of the minior or pulmonary circulation by ancient or contemporany authors and of the peripheral connections between the arterial and the venous system (Marcelo Malpighi, 1661). All these researchers, and others, were membres of the University of Padua, were the beneficial influence of the teachings of Galileo persisted. In the following centuries, together with the embryological and normal anatomy, the pathological anatomy, systematized by G.B. Morgani, became the cornerstone of the clinical practice. The model of the ancient hospitals evolved to ward the National Institutes of Health in Mexico fostered by Dr. Ignacio Chávez.


Subject(s)
History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Hospices/history , Hospitals, Public/history , Public Health , History, Medieval , Europe , Mexico
17.
Arch Cardiol Mex ; 86(1): 75-8, 2016.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25862293

ABSTRACT

Since the most ancient times, hospital constructions and progresses in the clinical practice advanced pari passu. We can find exampless of this statement in Greek regions as well as in Greek citie overseas. Thus, during the renaissance, great figures ot that time converged in Italy: The genius Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) and Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472), a humanist and innovator of architecture. Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564) and his contemporany artists performed anatomical dissection to perfect their art by studying the human body. Anatomical studies flourished at the University of Padua, driven by the Flemish Master. Based on the rigorous study of the anatomical substrate, the studies on the function of the already known organic structures excelled in the xvii century. That century started with the revelation of the major blood circulation by the British physician William Harvey, alumni of the University of Padua, and continued with the description of the minior or pulmonary circulation by ancient or contemporany authors and of the peripheral connections between the arterial and the venous system (Marcelo Malpighi, 1661). All these researchers, and others, were membres of the University of Padua, were the beneficial influence of the teachings of Galileo persisted. In the following centuries, together with the embryological and normal anatomy, the pathological anatomy, systematized by G.B. Morgani, became the cornerstone of the clinical practice. The model of the ancient hospitals evolved to ward the National Institutes of Health in Mexico fostered by Dr. Ignacio Chávez.


Subject(s)
Hospices/history , Hospitals, Public/history , Europe , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, Medieval , Mexico , Public Health
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