Approach to Endoscopic Procedures: A Routine Protocol from a Quaternary University Referral Center Exclusively for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients.

OBJECTIVES: The present coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has ushered in an unprecedented era of quality control that has necessitated advanced safety precautions and the need to ensure the adequate protection of healthcare professionals (HCPs). Endoscopy units, endoscopists, and other HCP may be at a significant risk for transmission of the virus. Given the immense burden on the healthcare system and surge in the number of patients with COVID-19, well-designed protocols and recommendations are needed. We aimed to systematically characterize our approach to endoscopic procedures in a quaternary university hospital setting and provide summary protocol recommendations. METHOD: This descriptive study details a COVID-19-specific protocol designed to minimize infection risks to patients and healthcare workers in the endoscopy unit. RESULTS: Our institution, located in São Paulo, Brazil, includes a 900-bed hospital, with a 200-bed-specific intensive care unit exclusively designed for patients with moderate and severe COVID-19. We highlighted recommendations for infection prevention and control during endoscopic procedures, including appropriate triage and screening, outpatient management and procedural recommendations, role and usage of personal protective equipment (PPE), and role and procedural logistics involving COVID-19-positive patients. We also detailed hospital protocols for reprocessing endoscopes and cleaning rooms and also provided recommendations to minimize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission. CONCLUSION: This COVID-19-specific administrative and clinical protocol can be replicated or adapted in multiple institutions and endoscopy units worldwide. Furthermore, the recommendations and summary protocol may improve patient and HCP safety in these trying times.

Pandemia COVID-19. Planificación del área quirúrgica e implementación de nuevo listado de verificación para cirugía segura en un hospital universitario / COVID-19 pandemic. Planning for surgery and implementation of a novel surgical safety checklist in an university hospital

RESUMEN Antecedentes: la existencia de la pandemia infectocontagiosa COVID-19 puede afectar a los equipos quirúrgicos y pacientes. Objetivo: describir los cambios introducidos en la estructura y los procesos de una planta quirúrgica a fin de adaptarla a la atención segura de pacientes positivos y sospechosos, así como los resultados iniciales de su implementación. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, observacional entre el 1° de abril y el 31 de mayo de 2020. Fueron registrados los cambios estructurales y en los procesos de funciona miento adaptados a la atención de pacientes sospechosos y COVID-19 positivos, así como las activida des desarrolladas en dicha área. Resultados: se registró una disminución en el número de cirugías programadas y de urgencia en el período. Entre 173 cirugías de urgencia, hubo 17 pacientes sospechosos (9,8%) y 3 positivos (1,7%), confirmados por la prueba de PCR. No hubo pacientes con resultados ni sospechosos ni confirmados en 136 cirugías programadas. La adhesión al cumplimiento de la lista de verificación fue del 100%. No se registraron contagios entre el personal actuante. Conclusiones: los cambios implementados en la planta quirúrgica permitieron la atención adecuada de pacientes tanto sospechosos como confirmados durante el período, con completa adhesión a las recomendaciones y disminución en el riesgo de transmisión de la enfermedad para dar seguridad a los pacientes y al equipo de salud.

ABSTRACT Background: COVID-19 pandemic may affect the surgical teams and patients. Objective: The aim of this report was to describe the changes introduced in the structure and proces ses of a surgical facility for the safe care of suspected and positive COVID-19 patients, and to describe the initial results of their implementation. Material and methods: We conducted a prospective, descriptive and observational study between April 1 and May 31, 2020. The structural changes and the modifications introduced in the functioning processes within the surgical area of a university hospital adapted to the care of suspected and positi ve COVID-19 patients, and the activities developed in such area were documented. Results: There was a reduction in the number of scheduled and emergency surgeries performed du ring the study period. Of the 173 emergency surgeries, 17 (9.8%) were suspected cases and 3 (1.7%) resulted positive COVID-19 patients confirmed by PCR tests. None of the 136 patients undergoing scheduled surgeries were suspected or confirmed cases. Compliance with the checklist was 100%. There were no infections among the personnel working in the facility. Conclusions: The changes implemented in the surgical facility allowed for adequate care of suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients during the period, with complete adherence to recommendations and reduced risk of disease transmission in order to provide safety to patients and the health care team.

Patient safety culture in the maternal-child area of a university hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the safety culture of the patient from the perspective of nurses and physicians working in the maternal-child area. METHOD: A cross-sectional study conducted from January to September 2018 with 41 professionals of the Obstetrics Center and obstetric hospitalization of a university hospital in the south of the country. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture was used, with 12 dimensions of the safety culture, measured by means of a general score (0 to 10) and of positive answer percentages to assess strengths and weaknesses. RESULTS: The action of supervisors/bosses can be considered a strength of patient safety, with 78.2% of positive answers; already regarding communication, it was considered a fragility, punctuating 13.24%. The general safety grade of the patient assigned to the work's unit was very good, in a confidence interval of 95%. CONCLUSION: With the identification of the strengths and weaknesses of patient safety, it is possible to plan improvement actions. We emphasize that the non-punitive approach is essential.

External validation of the unified model of information systems continuance (UMISC): An international comparison.

CONTEXT: The Unified Model of Information Systems Continuance (UMISC) is a metamodel for the evaluation of clinical information systems (CISs) that integrates constructs from five models that have previously been published in the literature. UMISC was developed at the Georges Pompidou University Hospital (HEGP) in Paris and was partially validated at the Saint Joseph Hospital Group (HPSJ), another acute care institution using the same CIS as HEGP. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this replication study was twofold: (1) to perform an external validation of UMISC in two different hospitals and country contexts: the Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires (HIBA) in Argentina and the Hospital Sirio Libanes in Sao Paulo, Brazil (HSL); (2) to compare, using the same evaluation model, the determinants of satisfaction, use, and continuance intention observed at HIBA and HSL with those previously observed at HEGP and HPSJ. METHODS: The UMISC evaluation questionnaires were translated from their original languages (English and French) to Brazilian Portuguese and Spanish following the translation/back-translation method. These questionnaires were then applied at each target site. The 21 UMISC-associated hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). RESULTS: A total of 3020 users, 1079 at HIBA and 1941 at the HSL, were included in the analysis. The respondents included 1406 medical staff and 1001 nursing staff. The average profession-adjusted use, overall satisfaction and continuance intention were significantly higher at HIBA than at HSL in the medical and nursing groups. In SEM analysis, UMISC explained 23% and 11% of the CIS use dimension, 72% and 85% of health professionals' satisfaction, and 41% and 60% of continuance intention at HIBA and HSL, respectively. Twenty of the 21 UMISC-related hypotheses were validated in at least one of the four evaluation sites, and 16 were validated in two or more sites. CONCLUSION: The UMISC evaluation metamodel appears to be a robust comparison and explanatory model of satisfaction, use and continuance intention for CISs in late post adoption situations.

Approach to endoscopic procedures: a routine protocol from a quaternary university referral center exclusively for coronavirus disease 2019 patients

OBJECTIVES: The present coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has ushered in an unprecedented era of quality control that has necessitated advanced safety precautions and the need to ensure the adequate protection of healthcare professionals (HCPs). Endoscopy units, endoscopists, and other HCP may be at a significant risk for transmission of the virus. Given the immense burden on the healthcare system and surge in the number of patients with COVID-19, well-designed protocols and recommendations are needed. We aimed to systematically characterize our approach to endoscopic procedures in a quaternary university hospital setting and provide summary protocol recommendations. METHOD: This descriptive study details a COVID-19-specific protocol designed to minimize infection risks to patients and healthcare workers in the endoscopy unit. RESULTS: Our institution, located in São Paulo, Brazil, includes a 900-bed hospital, with a 200-bed-specific intensive care unit exclusively designed for patients with moderate and severe COVID-19. We highlighted recommendations for infection prevention and control during endoscopic procedures, including appropriate triage and screening, outpatient management and procedural recommendations, role and usage of personal protective equipment (PPE), and role and procedural logistics involving COVID-19-positive patients. We also detailed hospital protocols for reprocessing endoscopes and cleaning rooms and also provided recommendations to minimize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission. CONCLUSION: This COVID-19-specific administrative and clinical protocol can be replicated or adapted in multiple institutions and endoscopy units worldwide. Furthermore, the recommendations and summary protocol may improve patient and HCP safety in these trying times.

Patient safety culture in the maternal-child area of a university hospital / Cultura de seguridad del paciente en el área materno-infantil de un hospital universitario / Cultura de segurança do paciente na área materno-infantil de hospital universitário

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the safety culture of the patient from the perspective of nurses and physicians working in the maternal-child area. Method: A cross-sectional study conducted from January to September 2018 with 41 professionals of the Obstetrics Center and obstetric hospitalization of a university hospital in the south of the country. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture was used, with 12 dimensions of the safety culture, measured by means of a general score (0 to 10) and of positive answer percentages to assess strengths and weaknesses. Results: The action of supervisors/bosses can be considered a strength of patient safety, with 78.2% of positive answers; already regarding communication, it was considered a fragility, punctuating 13.24%. The general safety grade of the patient assigned to the work's unit was very good, in a confidence interval of 95%. Conclusion: With the identification of the strengths and weaknesses of patient safety, it is possible to plan improvement actions. We emphasize that the non-punitive approach is essential.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir la cultura de seguridad del paciente en la perspectiva de enfermeros y médicos actuantes en el área materno-infantil. Método: Estudio transversal realizado de enero a septiembre de 2018 con 41 profesionales del Centro de Obstetricia y del área de internación obstétrica de un hospital universitario del sur del país. Se utilizó la Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (Encuesta hospitalaria sobre la cultura de la seguridad), con 12 dimensiones de la cultura de seguridad, medidas por medio de un puntaje general (0 a 10) y de porcentajes de respuestas positivas para evaluar fortalezas y debilidades. Resultados: La acción de supervisores/jefes puede ser considerada una fortaleza de la seguridad del paciente, con el 78,2% de respuestas positivas; en lo referente a la comunicación, se la consideró una debilidad, con el 13,24%. La nota general de seguridad del paciente asignada a la unidad de trabajo fue muy buena, en un intervalo de confianza del 95%. Conclusión: Al identificar las fortalezas y debilidades en la seguridad del paciente es posible planificar acciones de mejora. Destacamos que el enfoque no punitivo es esencial.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a cultura de segurança do paciente na perspectiva de enfermeiros e médicos atuantes na área materno-infantil. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado de janeiro a setembro de 2018, com 41 profissionais do Centro Obstétrico e internação obstétrica de hospital universitário do sul do país, utilizando o Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, com 12 dimensões da cultura de segurança, mensuradas por meio de um escore geral (0 a 10) e percentuais de respostas positivas para aferir fortalezas e fragilidades. Resultados: A ação de supervisores/chefes foi considerada uma fortaleza, tendo 78,2% de respostas positivas; já no que diz respeito à comunicação, considerou-se uma fragilidade, pontuando 13,2%. A nota geral de segurança do paciente foi de muito boa, nota 4, num intervalo de confiança de 95%. Conclusão: Com a identificação das fortalezas e fragilidades da segurança do paciente é possível planejar ações de melhoria. Destacamos que a abordagem não punitiva é essencial.

[Changes in prescriptions and antibiotic consumption after the implementation of recommendations for use: experience in a university hospital]. / Cambios en las prescripciones y el consumo de antimicrobianos, luego de la implementación de recomendaciones de uso: experiencia en un hospital universitario.

BACKGROUND: Nowadays about half of antibiotic prescriptions are inadequate, increasing bacterial resistance. Both cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones are associated with this phenomenon: increase of ß-lactamase producing bacteria and Clostridioides difficile infections, which is why regulatory agencies seek to rationalize their use. AIM: To evaluate the effect of use recommendations on the proportion of inadequate prescriptions of ceftriaxone and fluoroquinolones. METHODS: A prospective and interventional study was developed, comparing the quality and quantity of use of ceftriaxone and fluoroquinolones before and after the implementation of use recommendations for treatments of infectious diseases acquired at the community. The outcomes were: proportion of inadequate prescriptions and defined daily dose (DDD). Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, Fisher's correction and Student's test. RESULTS: A total of 206 patients were evaluated, a 35% decrease in inadequate prescriptions, a decline in the consumption of ceftriaxone and levofloxacin, and a significant increase in the use of ampicillin/ sulbactam was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of use recommendations based on scientific evidence and local susceptibility allowed to reduce the proportion of inadequate prescriptions and to reduce de consumption of ceftriaxone and fluoroquinolones.

Cambios en las prescripciones y el consumo de antimicrobianos, luego de la implementación de recomendaciones de uso: experiencia en un hospital universitario / Changes in prescriptions and antibiotic consumption after the implementation of recommendations for use: experience in a university hospital

Resumen Introduccion: Actualmente cerca de la mitad de las prescripciones de antimicrobianos son inadecuadas, lo que aumenta la resistencia bacteriana. Tanto cefalosporinas como fluoroquinolonas se asocian con este fenomeno: aumento de bacterias productoras de β-lactamasas e infecciones por Clostridioides difficile, por lo que las agencias reguladoras buscan racionalizar su uso. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de recomendaciones para el uso adecuado de antimicrobianos en la proporcion de prescripciones inadecuadas de ceftriaxona y fluoroquinolonas. Metodologia: Se desarrollo un estudio de antes y despues, prospectivo e intervencional, que comparo la calidad y la cantidad de uso de ceftriaxona y fluoroquinolonas antes y despues de la implementacion de recomendaciones de uso para tratamientos de enfermedades infecciosas adquiridas en la comunidad. Los parametros medidos fueron: proporcion de prescripciones inadecuadas y DDD. Los datos se analizaron por medio del test de χ2, correccion de Fisher y test de Student. Resultados: Se evaluaron 206 pacientes, observandose una disminucion de 35% en las prescripciones inadecuadas, una reduccion del consumo de ceftriaxona y levofloxacina y un aumento significativo de la utilizacion de ampicilina/sulbactam. Conclusiones: La implementacion de recomendaciones de uso basadas en evidencia cientifica y susceptibilidad local, permitieron disminuir la proporcion de prescripciones inadecuadas y reducir el consumo de ceftriaxona y fluoroquinolonas.

Background: Nowadays about half of antibiotic prescriptions are inadequate, increasing bacterial resistance. Both cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones are associated with this phenomenon: increase of β-lactamase producing bacteria and Clostridioides difficile infections, which is why regulatory agencies seek to rationalize their use. Aim: To evaluate the effect of use recommendations on the proportion of inadequate prescriptions of ceftriaxone and fluoroquinolones. Methods: A prospective and interventional study was developed, comparing the quality and quantity of use of ceftriaxone and fluoroquinolones before and after the implementation of use recommendations for treatments of infectious diseases acquired at the community. The outcomes were: proportion of inadequate prescriptions and defined daily dose (DDD). Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, Fisher's correction and Student's test. Results: A total of 206 patients were evaluated, a 35% decrease in inadequate prescriptions, a decline in the consumption of ceftriaxone and levofloxacin, and a significant increase in the use of ampicillin/ sulbactam was observed. Conclusions: The implementation of use recommendations based on scientific evidence and local susceptibility allowed to reduce the proportion of inadequate prescriptions and to reduce de consumption of ceftriaxone and fluoroquinolones.

A Brazilian university hospital position regarding transplantation criteria for HIV-positive patients according to the current literature.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was considered a contraindication for solid organ transplantation (SOT) in the past. However, HIV management has improved since highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) became available in 1996, and the long-term survival of patients living with HIV has led many transplant programs to reevaluate their policies regarding the exclusion of patients with HIV infection.Based on the available data in the medical literature and the cumulative experience of transplantation in HIV-positive patients at our hospital, the aim of the present article is to outline the criteria for transplantation in HIV-positive patients as recommended by the Immunocompromised Host Committee of the Hospital das Clínicas of the University of São Paulo.

Clinical oncology pharmacist: Effective contribution to patient safety.

Management and prevention of problems related to oncology drugs are particularly important due to the excessive cost, high toxicity, and narrow therapeutic index of the antineoplastic drugs, in addition to the patients' state of health. Therefore, the presence of the pharmacist as a member of the multidisciplinary team is essential to contribute to patient safety. In this work, the interventions performed were identified, quantified, and classified to characterize the work of the clinical oncology pharmacist. This is a prospective and quantitative study, conducted over a period of six months in the outpatient oncology and chemotherapy clinic of the University Hospital of the University of Campinas, Brazil. A total of 3526 medical prescriptions were evaluated for the 780 patients seen and, among these prescriptions, 220 (6.24%) contained errors, representing 6.24% of the total number. The most common error was dose-related with 79 (22.83%) cases of overdosing. Wrong-patient medication error was the least reported (0.29%). Thirty drugs were involved in the pharmaceutical interventions, Carboplatin and Ondansetron being the most frequent. Thirteen types of potential errors were evaluated according to the method proposed by Cardinal and Fernandes. Two (15.38%) included interventions of indication, contraindication, and therapeutic efficacy of a drug. Five of them (38.46%) are related to the treatment regimen, and two (15.38%) were related to prevention of potential adverse events. Four interventions (30.77%) concerned technical interventions in injectable drugs such as dilution, compatibility, and administration time. Of the 346 interventions performed, 1 (0.29%) was classified as potentially lethal, 114 as serious (32.95%), 140 as significant (40.46%), and 91 as minor (26.30%).

A Brazilian university hospital position regarding transplantation criteria for HIV-positive patients according to the current literature

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was considered a contraindication for solid organ transplantation (SOT) in the past. However, HIV management has improved since highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) became available in 1996, and the long-term survival of patients living with HIV has led many transplant programs to reevaluate their policies regarding the exclusion of patients with HIV infection. Based on the available data in the medical literature and the cumulative experience of transplantation in HIV-positive patients at our hospital, the aim of the present article is to outline the criteria for transplantation in HIV-positive patients as recommended by the Immunocompromised Host Committee of the Hospital das Clínicas of the University of São Paulo.

Evaluation of patient safety culture: comparative study in university hospitals.

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a benchmarking comparison of the composites of patient safety culture based on the evaluation of Brazilian and Portuguese nurses working in university hospitals. METHOD: Quantitative, cross-sectional, comparative survey. Data collected between April and December 2014, in two teaching hospitals, applying the instrument Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, in the versions translated and adapted to the countries. RESULTS: 762 nurses distributed in four services participated in the study, 195 Brazilians and 567 Portuguese. Seven of the 12 composites of safety culture showed significant differences between hospitals. The highlights were those related to: "management support for patient safety" (±17); "handoffs and transitions" (±15); "teamwork across units" (±14); and "overall perceptions of patient safety" (±10). CONCLUSION: The dimension that had the highest significant difference between the studied institutions was "management support for patient safety". These data may support the managers of the study hospitals, enabling continuous improvements and advancements.

Patient safety culture in a university hospital.

OBJECTIVE: to assess patient safety culture in a university hospital. METHOD: cross-sectional study with data collection through the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture applied in electronic device. A total of 381 employees were interviewed, corresponding to 46% of the sum of eligible professionals. Data were analyzed descriptively. the Cronbach's alpha was used to calculate the frequency and reliability. RESULTS: most were women (73%) from the nursing area (50%) and with direct contact with patients (82%). The composites related to "teamwork within units" (58%, α=0.68), "organizational learning - continuous improvement" (58%, α=0.63), "supervisor/manager expectations and actions promoting patient safety" (56%, α=0.73) had higher positive responses. Nine composites had low positive responses, with emphasis on "nonpunitive response to error" (18%, α=0.40). Only the item "in this unit, people treat each other with respect" had positive response above 70%. The patient safety assessment in the work unit was positive for 36% of employees, however only 22% reported events in past year. CONCLUSION: the findings revealed weaknesses in the safety culture at the hospital, with emphasis on culpability.

Commitment and a sense of humanity for the adaptation of patients during hospital care.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a nursing practice model for the Clinic of the University of the La Sabana that supports the adaptive process of patients during and after their hospital experience. METHODOLOGY: This is a descriptive, methodological study implemented in different phases: (1) characterization of the context, (2) identification of the need for a nursing practice model for strengthening care, (3) literature review, (4) description of the model, and (5) validation. RESULTS: The context of a university hospital and international trends in the development of a professional nursing discipline require theoretical guidance for the ongoing improvement of the practice of nursing. The decision to apply Roy's conceptual model of adaptation clarifies the need for a complementary nursing practice model that brings this macro theory closer to the assistance reality. It is also necessary to make the vocation of service, knowledge and leadership of nursing visible whenever the human adaptive process is a priority. CONCLUSION: The University of La Sabana nursing practice model is a model focused on the commitment and humane treatment for the adaptation of patients during hospital care. It represents a consensus on the essentials of the nursing practice, which seek to support the adaptive process in order to have more comprehensive welfare and consequent improvement of the patient.

Quality of nursing documentation before and after the Hospital Accreditation in a university hospital.

Objective: to analyze the quality of nursing documentation by comparing the periods before and after the preparation for the hospital accreditation, using the Quality of Nursing Diagnoses, Interventions and Outcomes - Brazilian version (Q-DIO- Brazilian version). Method: observational study of interventions conducted in a university hospital. Nursing documentation of 112 medical records for the period before and 112 for the period after the hospital accreditation were compared using the Q-DIO instrument - Brazilian version. Data were statistically analyzed. Results: there was a significant improvement in the quality of nursing documentation. When the total score of the instrument was evaluated, a significant improvement was observed in 24 out of the 29 items (82.8%). Conclusion: there was commitment to the shift of culture by means of the interventions carried out, which resulted in the conquest of the quality seal ensured by the Joint Commission International.

Ortotanásia e distanásia: percepção dos profissionais de saúde de uma unidade de terapia intensiva / Ortotanasia y distanasia: percepción de los profesionales de salud de una unidad de cuidados intensivos / Orthothanasia and dysthanasia: perception of health professionals of an intensive care unit

RESUMO Pesquisa que envolve o processo de morte, abordando a distanásia, a qual se constitui na obstinação terapêutica a fim de adiar a morte, e a Ortotanásia, que se constitui na morte em seu processo natural, sem prolongar o tratamento. Teve como objetivo reconhecer a percepção dos profissionais da equipe de saúde que atuam em unidade de terapia intensiva, acerca das situações de Ortotanásia e Distanásia. Realizado em um hospital universitário. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 25 profissionais de saúde e submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática. Emergiram três categorias relacionadas: Apreendendo a Ortotanásia e a Distanásia; Percebendo o contexto da tomada de decisão; Ponderando a Ortotanásia e a Distanásia na finitude da vida. A percepção dos profissionais de saúde referente à Ortotanásia e à Distanásia exige discussões referentes aos conceitos éticos que envolvem as intervenções no processo de morte, possibilitando um embasamento da equipe multiprofissional, familiares e pacientes na tomada de decisão no final da vida.

RESUMEN Investigación que implica el proceso de muerte, tratando la distanasia, que constituye en la obstinación terapéutica a fin de aplazar la muerte, y la Ortotanasia, que constituye en la muerte en su proceso natural, sin prolongar el tratamiento. Tuvo como objetivo reconocer la percepción de los profesionales del equipo de salud que actúan en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, acerca de las situaciones de Ortotanasia y Distanasia. Realizado en un hospital universitario. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con 25 profesionales de salud y sometidos al análisis de contenido temático. Surgieron tres categorías relacionadas: Comprendiendo la Ortotanasia y la Distanasia; Percibiendo el contexto de la toma de decisión; Ponderando la Ortotanasia y la Distanasia en la finitud de la vida. La percepción de los profesionales de salud referente a la Ortotanasia y a la Distanasia exige discusiones sobre los conceptos éticos que comprenden las intervenciones en el proceso de muerte, posibilitando una base del equipo multiprofesional, familiares y pacientes en la toma de decisión en el final de la vida.

ABSTRACT Research involving the process of death regarding dysthanasia, which is defined as therapeutic obstinacy practiced with the aim to postpone death, and Orthothanasia, which is death in its natural process, without further treatment. The study aimed to recognize the perception that professionals of the health team working in an intensive care unit have about situations of Orthothanasia and Dysthanasia. The study was conducted in a university hospital. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 25 health professionals and submitted to thematic content analysis. Three related categories emerged: Seizing Orthothanasia and Dysthanasia; Realizing the decision-making context; Pondering Orthothanasia and Dysthanasia in the finitude of life. The perception of health professionals regarding Orthothanasia and Dysthanasia requires discussions that consider the ethical concepts involved in interventions adopted in the process of death in order to provide basis to the multidisciplinary team, family and patients in decision making at the end of life.

Cuidados de enfermagem ao idoso no fim da vida / Cuidados de enfermería al anciano em el fin de la vida / Nursing care of the elderly in the end of life

RESUMO Esta reflexão emergiu como fruto da prática docente e assistencial aos idosos no fim da vida em um hospital universitário enquanto professoras da Disciplina de Fundamentos de Enfermagem e no atendimento ambulatorial em um Centro de Atenção à Saúde dos Idosos e Cuidadores. No desenvolvimento do artigo, buscou-se pontuar os parâmetros que norteiam o cuidado de enfermagem ao idoso que vivencia sua terminalidade com uma visão existencialista. Enfocou-se a finitude como parte do existir, em que o envelhecimento traz consigo um entendimento de proximidade da morte. A filosofia transpessoal do cuidado de Watson, referencial utilizado neste ensaio, permitiu delinear o cuidado singular ao idoso que vivencia o fim da vida através da descrição dos Elementos e o Processo Cáritas. Deste modo, a Enfermagem utiliza outras ciências para direcionar suas ações e assim possibilitar a escolha de referenciais filosóficos existencialistas como base de conhecimento, visto ser uma profissão que objetiva cuidar da vida da pessoa em sua totalidade. Sugeriu-se um modo de cuidar do idoso no fim da vida valorizando este contexto, onde cuidar é também lhe dar autonomia para ser o senhor da sua história e ter a oportunidade de com ele compartilhar seus últimos momentos.

RESUMEN Esta reflexión ha surgido como consecuencia de la práctica de la enseñanza y la atención a las personas mayores en el final de la vida en un hospital universitario, mientras que los maestros de Curso Fundamentos de enfermería y la atención ambulatoria en un centro de atención de la tercera edad Salud y cuidadores. El desarrollo del artículo buscó para puntuar los parámetros que guían la atención de enfermería al anciano que vive a través de su enfermedad terminal con una visión existencialista. Enfocado a la finitud como parte de la existencia, donde el envejecimiento trae una comprensión proximidad de la muerte. filosofía transpersonal marco de la atención Watson utilizada en este ensayo permitió delinear el cuidado exclusivo de los ancianos que han vivido el final de la vida mediante la descripción de los elementos y el proceso de Cáritas. Por lo tanto, la enfermería utiliza otras ciencias para dirigir sus acciones y por lo tanto hacer posible la elección de referencias filosóficas existencialistas como base de conocimientos, ya que es una profesión que tiene como objetivo cuidar de la propia vida en su totalidad. Se sugirió una forma de cuidar a los ancianos al final de la vida valorar este contexto, donde la atención también se dará autonomía a ser el dueño de su historia y tienen la oportunidad de compartir con él sus últimos momentos.

ABSTRACT This reflection has emerged as a result of the teaching and care practice for older people at the end of life in a university hospital, while teachers of Nursing Fundamentals Course and outpatient care in a care center Health Seniors and Caregivers. The development of the article sought to punctuate the parameters that guide the nursing care of the elderly who lives through his terminal illness with an existentialist vision. Focused to finitude as part of existence, where aging brings a proximity understanding of death. Transpersonal Philosophy Watson care framework used in this trial allowed delineating the unique care to the elderly who experience the end of life by describing the elements and the Caritas process. Thus, the Nursing uses other sciences to direct their actions and thus make possible the choice of existentialist philosophical references as a knowledge base, as it is a profession that aims to take care of one's life in its entirety. It was suggested a way of caring for the elderly at the end of life valuing this context, where care is also given autonomy to be the master of their history and have the opportunity to share with him his last moments.