Older Adult Segmentation According to Residentially-Based Lifestyles and Analysis of Their Needs for Smart Home Functions.

Globally, the percentage of older people in the general population is growing. Smart homes have the potential to help older adults to live independently and healthy, improving their quality of life, and relieving the pressure on the healthcare and social care systems. For that, we need to understand how older adults live and their needs. Thus, this study aims to analyze the residentially-based lifestyles (RBL) of older adults and segment them to compare and analyze the real needs of smart home functions for each group. To identify a person's RBL, a questionnaire was designed to include questions about activities at home, social events, quality of life, etc. This study surveyed 271 older Koreans. As a result of the survey on RBL, five groups with different characteristics were clustered. Finally, each groups' features and the differences in their needs for smart home functions were compared and analyzed. The priority of needed functions for each group was found to be significantly different. In a total of 26 smart home functions, there were meaningful differences in the needs for 16 functions among the groups. This study presents the results in South Korea, according to older adults' RBL and their smart home needs.

El valor de «sentirse como en casa» en los centros residenciales: lo pequeño es hermoso / The value of «feeling at home» in nursing homes. Small is beautiful

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Design of a typical residence for the elderly in Morocco

The population of Moroccan elders is in full increase; their requirements for quality and quantity of services are becoming increasingly important. On the basis of this, reality and extension of many major innovative projects in Morocco (industrial expansion plan, renewable energy stations, the road infrastructure network, rural electrification, drinking water, accelerated urbanization, globalization...) gain importance. Reflection on the design of a typical residence for the elderly has become an ambitious idea possessing all the chances of its success; it is also worth noting that it is a citizen opportunity to be seized by all political decision-makers for the promotion of health and the improvement of the quality of life of a growing category of the population. The typical residence of the elderly remains not only a place of life but also an environment of therapeutic care and at different levels of autonomy and dependence of our elders

[Subjective time left in life and precautionary relocation planning in the last half of life]. / Subjektive Restlebenszeit und vorsorgende Umzugsplanung in der zweiten Lebenshälfte.

BACKGROUND: Many people wish to remain in current residence for as long as possible. Nonetheless, they do think about their residential future. For older people the question of where to live must be considered with respect to age-related changes and continuity. So far only little research has been focused on the influence of the subjective perception of remaining lifetime until death on plans for the future, for example regarding relocation. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the influence of the subjective perception of time left to live on relocation planning and its timing in the further course of life. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data were obtained from a paper-pencil questionnaire including 2156 persons aged 50 years and older (average age 65.5 years, SD = 9.7 years, range 50-94 years, 51.1 % female) who were asked about their wishes and plans for the future, particularly about their relocation considerations and the subjective perception of remaining time until death. RESULTS: Approximately 39 % of the subjects considered relocation in the further course of life. Besides social demographics, current housing and the state of health, the subjective time left in life had a significant influence on the consideration of relocation and its timing in the further course of life. Persons who perceived their time horizon as limited considered relocation later in life (temporizing relocation planning) than persons who perceived themselves to have more time left in life. Their temporal occurrence of precautionary relocation planning is embedded earlier in the course of life. CONCLUSION: Thoughts about the residential future of older people should be considered not only in connection with the content of these wishes but also related to the future time perspective and the timing in the further course of life. This can be of assistance in consultation and decision-making situations.

[Care preferences and spatial mobility : Factors influencing care-related willingness to move of elderly people in partnerships in a rural area]. / Pflegepräferenzen und regionale Mobilität : Einflussfaktoren auf die pflegebezogene Umzugsneigung älterer Menschen in Partnerschaften im ländlichen Raum.

The availability of local support and care infrastructures at the place of residence is an important issue for the elderly living in rural areas. Spatial mobility can be seen as a strategy to cope with a lack of local care facilities. This study analyzes the preferences of older people living in long-term relationships concerning support and care arrangements. Furthermore, it is analyzed how far and under which circumstances older couples are willing to relocate their place of residence in response to regional care infrastructures. Using a quasi-experimental survey design, inhabitants of a small rural community aged over 50 years were interviewed and confronted with descriptions of fictitious situations with randomized options for moving residence. A Tobit model estimation method is applied to examine the determinants of older couples' care-related willingness to move their residence.The results show that most people prefer either the support of their own partner or outpatient care. Residential care is especially preferred by people aged 75 years and above, whereas new forms of support, such as senior cooperatives, are evaluated as attractive especially by younger age groups. Thus, information and advisory campaigns should address the target group in question even at an early stage in older peoples' life course. Care-related willingness to move home of couples aged 50 years and more is significantly determined by local provision of support and care infrastructures. The expansion of any care infrastructure at older peoples' place of residence can significantly reduce their willingness to move. In particular an increased availability of outpatient care is associated with a comparatively large reduction in couples' likelihood to move. In this way local commitment to rural areas can be sustained and rural depopulation can be prevented. At an alternative place of residence assisted living and residential care in particular can significantly enhance the willingness to relocate and can thus generate incentives to move for older couples.

Análisis longitudinal de parámetros nutricionales en una cohorte de ancianos con y sin demencia / Longitudinal analysis of nutrition parameters in a cohort of elderly people with and without dementia

Introducción. La evaluación nutricional longitudinal, debido a sus frecuentes alteraciones, es especialmente relevante en al anciano con deterioro cognitivo. El objetivo del presente estudio es valorar a lo largo del tiempo el efecto y la posible interacción del deterioro cognitivo y del envejecimiento en los parámetros nutricionales. Material y métodos. Estudio longitudinal prospectivo de 2 años de seguimiento en 301 ancianos (233 mujeres y 68 varones) en el medio residencial, 51 de los cuales tienen criterios de demencia. Los parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos se obtuvieron según técnicas normalizadas. Resultados. Los ancianos con demencia presentan, en todos los parámetros estudiados, valores inferiores respecto a los ancianos sin demencia. En los pacientes con deterioro cognitivo los valores medios de los parámetros nutricionales permanecen estables y sin diferencias significativas tras 2 años de seguimiento: índice de masa corporal 24,5 ± 4,9 vs 24,2 ± 4,1; pliegue tricipital 15,0 ± 6,0 vs 14,7 ± 6,9; circunferencia braquial 25,9 ± 3,3 vs 25,7 ± 3,5, y albúmina 3,7 ± 0,3 vs 3,7 ± 0,3. En los pacientes sin deterioro cognitivo los valores al final del estudio han descendido respecto a los valores basales, excepto el pliegue bicipital y los triglicéridos. Conclusiones. Tras 2 años de seguimiento no se observa descenso de los parámetros nutricionales estudiados en los ancianos con demencia; sin embargo, sí aparece un descenso en los ancianos sin deterioro cognitivo. Las causas de estas diferencias pueden ser múltiples. Son necesarios más estudios, con mayor número de ancianos y un mayor periodo de seguimiento, para validar estos hallazgos (AU)

Introduction. It is important to assess longitudinal nutritional parameters during the ageing process in order to determine body composition changes. This procedure is more relevant when dealing with institutionalised geriatric patients suffering from cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to assess the interactions, if any, between mental status and several nutritional parameters in a cohort of elderly people. Material and methods. A longitudinal prospective two years follow-up evaluation was performed on 301 elderly residents (233 females and 68 males) in a nursing home, of whom 51 of them fulfilled the clinical criteria for dementia. Both anthropometric and biochemical parameters were obtained annually, according to standard procedures. Results. The dementia group had lower values when compared to the non-dementia group. Furthermore, nutritional values remained constant in the group with cognitive impairment (no significant differences were observed throughout the study period). BMI 24.5 ± 4.9 vs 24.2 ± 4.1; tricipital skinfold 15.0 ± 6.0 vs 14.7 ± 6.9; brachial circumference 25.9 ± 3.3 vs 25.7 ± 3.5, and albumin 3.7 ± 0.3 vs 3.7 ± 0.3. At the end of the study, the group without cognitive impairment showed lower values in all the parameters analysed when compared to the baseline ones, except for bicipital fold and plasma triglycerides. Conclusions. Our study shows that there are no variations in the elderly with cognitive impairment, as regards the nutritional, anthropometric and biochemist parameters analysed. On the contrary, the group with normal cognitive status showed a reduction in most of the parameters. Further studies analysing larger populations of elderly people and over longer periods of time will provide more information to improve our knowledge on this important issue (AU)

Seasonal variation and homes: understanding the social experiences of older adults.

There has been limited research on the importance of seasons in the lives of older adults. Previous research has highlighted seasonal fluctuations in physical functioning--including limb strength, range of motion, and cardiac death--the spread of influenza in seasonal migration patterns. In addition, older adults experience isolation for various reasons, such as decline of physical and cognitive ability, lack of transportation, and lack of opportunities for social interaction. There has been much attention paid to the social isolation of older adults, yet little analysis about how the isolation changes throughout the year. Based on findings from an ethnographic study of older adults (n = 81), their family members (n = 49), and supportive professionals (n = 46) as they embark on relocation from their homes, this study analyzes the processes of moving for older adults. It examines the seasonal fluctuations of social isolation because of the effect of the environment on the social experiences of older adults. Isolation occurs because of the difficulty inclement weather causes on social interactions and mobility. The article concludes with discussion of the ways that research and practice can be designed and implemented to account for seasonal variation.

Boomers' prospective needs for senior centers and related services: a survey of persons 50-59.

The future service needs of baby boomers are unclear. A survey addressing work/retirement, family, civic engagement, health, caregiving, leisure, and perceptions of senior services was mailed to 800 addresses randomly selected from a upper Midwestern county voter registration list. The response rate was 28%. Fifty-three percent of the respondents (N = 225) intended to work and increase civic engagement. They expected more time for hobbies and friends, and to travel more. Family will continue to be their highest priority. These findings will be useful to service providers who are invested in providing services that are attractive to boomers.

Safety and security of older persons in Tehran, Iran: a sociological appraisal of elder abuse.

The article explores and evaluates the quality of life, safety, and security of elderly people in Tehran City in Iran. In that, different dimensions of material and social well-being, and abuse of people of the age 65 and above, are assessed. Besides the human rights, the dignity, and the gradual decline of the elderly's social security are reflected. The research also aims to study the elder age-groups in order to find out how these people gradually lose their physical and mental reliance, and as a result, how their dependence on others and various services enhances. The method of research mainly being empirical, it is preceded by theoretical and literature review. Five hundred elderly people were randomly selected for the study. Findings suggest that the aging pyramid shrinks and narrows at the age of 65 or even before in the present study. Research reached the conclusion that the young elderly with new needs and expectations are highly different from those of their pervious generations.

Development of a smart home simulator for use as a heuristic tool for management of sensor distribution.

Smart Homes offer potential solutions for various forms of independent living for the elderly. The assistive and protective environment afforded by smart homes offer a safe, relatively inexpensive, dependable and viable alternative to vulnerable inhabitants. Nevertheless, the success of a smart home rests upon the quality of information its decision support system receives and this in turn places great importance on the issue of correct sensor deployment. In this article we present a software tool that has been developed to address the elusive issue of sensor distribution within smart homes. Details of the tool will be presented and it will be shown how it can be used to emulate any real world environment whereby virtual sensor distributions can be rapidly implemented and assessed without the requirement for physical deployment for evaluation. As such, this approach offers the potential of tailoring sensor distributions to the specific needs of a patient in a non-evasive manner. The heuristics based tool presented here has been developed as the first part of a three stage project.

Affordable rental housing for older people in Australia: what do older people want?

This study aims to determine the perspectives of older community members and service providers in relation to design and location of affordable rental housing in a coastal retirement area of NSW, Australia. This was achieved by holding focus groups and interviews with older community members (n = 21) and service providers (n = 43). All participants reported a shortage of affordable rental housing suitable for older people in the area. The preferred option was for cluster units, possibly with an on-site carer, located in or close to town. Participants agreed that if choice was limited to "one-bedroom with large living area" or "two-bedrooms with small living area," the majority of single older people would choose the former option, provided there was adequate storage. The importance of asking the "right" question was demonstrated by responses to options for one- or two-bedroom units. Further research is needed to identify what baby boomers think will meet their need for future affordable housing.

Mixed brain pathologies account for most dementia cases in community-dwelling older persons.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the spectrum of neuropathology in persons from the Rush Memory and Aging Project, a longitudinal community-based clinical-pathologic cohort study. METHODS: The study includes older persons who agreed to annual clinical evaluation and brain donation. We examined the neuropathologic diagnoses, including Alzheimer disease (AD) (NIA-Reagan Criteria), cerebral infarctions, and Parkinson disease/Lewy body disease (PD/LBD), in the first 141 autopsies. We calculated the frequency of each diagnosis alone and mixed diagnoses. We used logistic regression to compare one to multiple diagnoses on the odds of dementia. RESULTS: Twenty persons (14.2%) had no acute or chronic brain abnormalities. The most common chronic neuropathologic diagnoses were AD (n = 80), cerebral infarctions (n = 52), and PD/LBD (n = 24). In persons with dementia (n = 50), 38.0% (n = 19) had AD and infarcts, 30.0% (n = 15) had pure AD, and 12% each had vascular dementia (n = 6) and AD with PD/LBD (n = 6). In those without dementia (n = 91), 28.6% (n = 26) had no chronic diagnostic abnormalities, 24.2% (n = 22) had pure AD, and 17.6% (n = 16) had infarctions. In persons with dementia, over 50% had multiple diagnoses (AD, PD/LBD, or infarcts), whereas, in persons without dementia, over 80% had one or no diagnosis. After accounting for age, persons with multiple diagnoses were almost three times (OR = 2.8; 95% CI = 1.2, 6.7) more likely to exhibit dementia compared to those with one pathologic diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The majority of community-dwelling older persons have brain pathology. Those with dementia most often have multiple brain pathologies, which greatly increases the odds of dementia.