Cushing syndrome from percutaneous absorption of 1% hydrocortisone ointment in Netherton syndrome.

Netherton syndrome is a congenital skin disease associated with decreased skin barrier function and increased percutaneous absorption. We report an 11-year-old boy with Netherton syndrome who developed Cushing syndrome after application of 1% hydrocortisone ointment to his entire body for more than 1 year. This presentation illustrates that even low-potency steroid ointments should be used with caution in Netherton syndrome and warns about the use of long-term topical medications with potential systemic side effects when used in large quantities in any chronic skin disease.

Cytotoxicity of triamcinolone on cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells: comparison with dexamethasone and hydrocortisone.

PURPOSE: Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is a corticosteroid that can be used in the treatment of cystoid macular edema (CME) and other ocular inflammatory conditions. This study aims to investigate the degree of cytotoxic effect of TA on human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE19 cell line) and to compare the relative toxicity of TA with two other corticosteroids, hydrocortisone (HC) and dexamethasone (DEX), over a range of concentrations and durations of exposure. METHODS: The ARPE19 cell line was cultured and maintained in a 1 : 1 mixture of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and HAMS F12 medium containing 3 mM l-glutamine supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, penicillin G, and streptomycin sulfate. Following an initial overnight incubation, corticosteroids (0.01-1 mg/ml) or vehicle (benzyl alcohol, 0.025%), diluted in culture medium, was added to the ARPE19 culture (5000 cells/well) on Day 0. Subsequently the culture medium containing corticosteroid or vehicle was refreshed daily. After 1, 3, and 5 days, the proliferated amount of cells with and without corticosteroid treatment was determined using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. All samples were read in triplicate, with n = 4 in all cases. The final results were analyzed using analysis of variance. RESULTS: TA, DEX, and HC caused a significant reduction in cell numbers throughout the whole range of concentrations when cells were exposed to them for more than one day. The action of the corticosteroids, apart from TA, was biphasic. There was an initial rise in cell proliferation in the presence of DEX and HC at 0.01-0.1 mg/ml on Day 1. Log-linear plots of DEX and HC concentrations against percent viability (mean % +/- SD) showed a significantly higher total viable cell percentage versus TA: 120.5 +/- 1.8% and 134.9 +/- 4.1% in the presence of DEX, and 110.0 +/- 15.3% and 118.3 +/- 9.0% in the presence of HC. The LD(50) values of the three corticosteroids show that, regardless of the duration of exposure, TA was the most toxic, with relative toxicity of TA > DEX > HC, equivalent to a ratio of 1.0 : 1.6 : 1.8, after one day of incubation. The vehicle alone had no effect. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated the degree of cytotoxicity of TA compared with DEX and HC. The results provide a profile of this drug relative to other common corticosteroids. Further studies are planned to characterize its effects and the degree of influence on cells of different ocular regions in order to show the full cytotoxicity of TA.

[Recovery processes in rabbit spleen after hydrocortisone administration]. / Vosstanovitel'nye protsessy v selezenke krolikov posle vvedeniia gidrokortizona.

The effect of hydrocortisone on the rabbit spleen and the recovery processes after the cessation of the hormone injection was studied. A decrease of the absorption function of RES, and spleen atrophy, expressed in a decrease of the organ weight and size followed prolonged hydrocortisons use. Most of the spleen nodes were reduced to an irregular accumulation of lymphocytes. The pyroninophilic cells disappeared in the white pulp. Cessation of the hormone effect was followed by an improvement in the general condition of the animal; the development of the spleen atrophic processes was suspended, the spleen nodes were restored with an increase of pyroninophilic cell count in them. The use of a stimulant under these conditions accelerated the recovery of the animal weight, as well as that of the atrophic spleen, with a normalization of the organ structure.