Preoperative hypnosis for pain management after arthroscopic repair of anterior cruciate ligament.

BACKGROUND: The practice of hypnoanalgesia in orthopedics is rare and the literature is poor. AIM: The purpose of this pilot study was to verify the efficacy of hypnosis for the management of postoperative analgesia after arthroscopic repair of anterior cruciate ligament. METHODS: This was a prospective clinical trial over a period of 6 months (March - August 2015) including 25 patients scheduled for arthroscopic repair of anterior cruciate ligament under spinal anesthesia. All these patients had preoperative hypnosis in addition to the standard multimodal analgesia protocol (group H) and were compared to historical group (group S) who received only a standard multimodal analgesia protocol. RESULTS: Pain scores were significantly lower for the hypnosis group during the first 48 hours postoperatively (p = 0,006). The total dose of morphine at 48 hours was: 13,6 mg (95% CI [4,58; 22,62]) in the group H and 10,2 mg (95% CI [1,64 ; 18,76]) in group S with no statistically significant difference (p = 0,178) Conclusion: Results of this pilot study in orthopedic surgery suggested that hypnosis reduced postoperative pain scores as demonstrated in other surgeries.

A NATIONAL SURVEY OF CLINICAL HYPNOSIS VIEWS AND EXPERIENCES OF THE ADULT POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES.

A nationwide, demographically balanced Internet survey of 1000 adults (500 females, 500 males, mean age 49.5, range 18-88 years) was conducted to assess views and experiences of clinical hypnosis in the United States population. Participants were unaware when enrolling in the survey that hypnosis was the subject matter. Key findings included that most reported a positive (38.6%) or neutral (48.4%) view of clinical hypnosis, with only 12.8% expressing a negative view; 7.6% of respondents had undergone hypnosis treatment, and 63.1% reported some resulting benefit; 54.9% of individuals who had never undergone hypnosis treatment indicated that they would consider seeking such treatment; 45.6% of all respondents thought there was moderate or strong scientific evidence supporting hypnosis as a real phenomenon; 77.8% identified one or more areas where they thought clinical hypnosis had substantial practical utility, and 44.8% estimated themselves to be at least moderately hypnotizable.

Recurrent Abdominal Pain in Children: Summary Evidence From 3 Systematic Reviews of Treatment Effectiveness.

OBJECTIVES: Between 4% and 25% of school-aged children complain of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) severe enough to interfere with their daily activities. METHODS: We carried out a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in eleven databases and 2 trials registries from inception to June 2016. An update search was run in November 2017. All screening was performed by 2 independent reviewers. Included studies were appraised using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the evidence assessed using GRADE. We included any dietary, pharmacological or psychosocial intervention for RAP, defined by Apley or an abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorder, as defined by the Rome III criteria, in children and adolescents. RESULTS: We included 55 RCTs, involving 3572 children with RAP (21 dietary, 15 pharmacological, 19 psychosocial, and 1 multiarm). We found probiotic diets, cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and hypnotherapy were reported to reduce pain in the short-term and there is some evidence of medium term effectiveness. There was insufficient evidence of effectiveness for all other dietary interventions and psychosocial therapies. There was no robust evidence of effectiveness for pharmacological interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Overall the evidence base for treatment decisions is poor. These data suggest that probiotics, CBT, and hypnotherapy could be considered as part of holistic management of children with RAP. The evidence regarding relative effectiveness of different strains of probiotics is currently insufficient to guide clinical practice. The lack of evidence of effectiveness for any drug suggests that there is little justification for their use outside of well-conducted clinical trials. There is an urgent need for high-quality RCTs to provide evidence to guide management of this common condition.

[Description of current hypnosis practice in French university hospitals]. / État des lieux des pratiques actuelles de l'hypnose au sein des centres hospitaliers universitaires français.

Hypnosis is very fashionable as an entertainment through TV shows searching for new sensational experiences. What about its practice in the medical world? The aim of this article is to answer to this question. Therefore, we contacted every French University Hospital of each region to find out if hypnosis was practiced for the care of pain (hypnoanalgesia), for chirurgical procedures (hypnosedation) and in adult psychiatry care units (hypnotherapy). For this last practice, we also questioned the type of indications. All 30 of the French University Hospitals had replied by November 2015. Hypnoanalgesia is practiced by all and two-thirds offer hypnosedation. Hypnotherapy is practiced by 40 % of the University Hospitals, 91,7 % for anxiety disorders, 66,7 % for psychotraumatic care and 25 % for mood disorders. Therefore, hypnosis seems to have found its place in the care of pain and as an anesthetic to replace standard procedures. However, the use of hypnotherapy in psychiatry is less frequent, indications for its use being variable and not very consensual.

[Use of hypnosis in radiotherapy as an alternative to general anesthesia in pediatric radiation oncology]. / Radiothérapie des enfants de moins de cinq ans : peut-on limiter les anesthésies itératives par les rituels et l'hypnose ?

BACKGROUND: General anesthesia (GA) is often needed for radiotherapy (RT) in young children. This study aimed to evaluate the place of the rituals and/or hypnosis in pediatric in a reference center in pediatric radiation oncology in Rhône-Alpes Auvergne. METHODS: This observational study retrospectively collected data on AG in children<5 years treated by RT in Leon-Berard regional center, Lyon, France between 2003 and 2014. Two-time periods, before and after 2008 have been compared, the second one introducing accompaniment methods such as hypnosis systematically. Explanatory analyses of AG were performed using logistic regression. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-two children benefited from RT in that period and were included (70 patients until 2008, 62 after 2008). Fifty-three percent were irradiated under GA. There was significant reduction (P<0.1) in the use of GA after 2008. The use of GA was not significantly associated with the RT techniques. The patients more likely to undergo RT without GA were the oldest and the patients treated for abdominal lesions (P<0.01). DISCUSSION: The study confirms that rituals and hypnosis can be used instead of GA in about half of patients under 5 years, even also with high-technicity RT requiring optimal immobilization.

Use of Hypnotic Techniques in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Pain: Do the Ages of Patients or Years of Practice and Theoretical Orientation of Clinicians Matter?

Hypnosis is known to be effective in the treatment of pediatric pain. To better understand which strategies might be most useful, more knowledge is needed regarding the strategies that are actually used by experienced clinicians and the factors that influence their use. To address this knowledge gap, 35 health care professionals completed an online survey on the use of hypnosis in the management of pediatric chronic pain. The findings indicate that clinicians vary their use of hypnotic strategies primarily as a function of a patient's age but not as a function of theoretical orientation or amount of experience. The findings may be useful for guiding clinicians in their selection of strategies and suggestions when working with children with pain.

The Efficacy, Safety and Applications of Medical Hypnosis.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety of hypnotic techniques in somatic medicine, known as medical hypnosis, have not been supported to date by adequate scientific evidence. METHODS: We systematically reviewed meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of medical hypnosis. Relevant publications (January 2005 to June 2015) were sought in the Cochrane databases CDSR and DARE, and in PubMed. Meta-analyses involving at least 400 patients were included in the present analysis. Their methodological quality was assessed with AMSTAR (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews). An additional search was carried out in the CENTRAL and PubMed databases for RCTs of waking suggestion (therapeutic suggestion without formal trance induction) in somatic medicine. RESULTS: Out of the 391 publications retrieved, five were reports of metaanalyses that met our inclusion criteria. One of these meta-analyses was of high methodological quality; three were of moderate quality, and one was of poor quality. Hypnosis was superior to controls with respect to the reduction of pain and emotional stress during medical interventions (34 RCTs, 2597 patients) as well as the reduction of irritable bowel symptoms (8 RCTs, 464 patients). Two meta-analyses revealed no differences between hypnosis and control treatment with respect to the side effects and safety of treatment. The effect size of hypnosis on emotional stress during medical interventions was low in one meta-analysis, moderate in one, and high in one. The effect size on pain during medical interventions was low. Five RCTs indicated that waking suggestion is effective in medical procedures. CONCLUSION: Medical hypnosis is a safe and effective complementary technique for use in medical procedures and in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Waking suggestions can be a component of effective doctor-patient communication in routine clinical situations.

The characteristics of women who use hypnotherapy for intrapartum pain management: Preliminary insights from a nationally-representative sample of Australian women.

OBJECTIVES: This manuscript presents a preliminary examination of the characteristics of women who choose intrapartum hypnosis for pain management. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of 2445 women (31-36 years) from a sub-study of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH), employing Fisher exact tests. SETTING: Australia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Use of intrapartum hypnosis, or hypnobirthing, for pain management during labour and birth. RESULTS: Women using hypnobirthing were more likely to have consulted with an acupuncturist or naturopath, or attended yoga/meditation classes during pregnancy (p<0.0001). Use of CM products such as herbal medicines, aromatherapy oils, homoeopathy, herbal teas or flower essences (p<0.001) was also more common amongst these women. Women choosing hypnotherapy for intrapartum pain management less commonly identified as feeling safer knowing that an obstetrician is providing their care (p<0.001), and were more likely to labour in a birth centre or in a community centre (i.e. at home). CONCLUSIONS: This analysis provides preliminary analysis into an as yet unexamined topic in contemporary maternity health service utilisation. The findings from this analysis may be useful for maternity health professionals and policy makers when responding to the needs of women choosing to use hypnotherapy for intrapartum pain management.

The influence of time and gender on hungarian hypnotizability scores.

In a between-lab study, a constant and steady shift was found in hypnotizability scores measured with standard scales. To investigate a time effect in a Hungarian (within-lab) sample, 613 subjects' scores on Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Forms A and B, 1898 subjects' self-scores, and 1713 subjects' observer-scores on the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility were analyzed. From the 1970s to 2010, a significant increase was observed in the SHSS:A and B scores of female subjects and the HGSHS:A scores of both genders. Females proved to be significantly more hypnotizable than males in a group setting but not in an individual context. Time and gender did not interact. The possible reasons for these effects on hypnotizability and the role of the testing context are discussed.

Gut-directed hypnotherapy for functional abdominal pain or irritable bowel syndrome in children: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: Gut directed hypnotherapy (HT) is shown to be effective in adult functional abdominal pain (FAP) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. We performed a systematic review to assess efficacy of HT in paediatric FAP/IBS patients. METHODS: We searched Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for randomised controlled trials (RCT) in children with FAP or IBS, investigating efficacy of HT on the following outcomes: abdominal pain scores, quality of life, costs and school absenteeism. RESULTS: Three RCT comparing HT to a control treatment were included with sample sizes ranging from 22 to 52 children. We refrained from statistical pooling because of low number of studies and many differences in design and outcomes. Two studies examined HT performed by a therapist, one examined HT through self-exercises on audio CD. All trials showed statistically significantly greater improvement in abdominal pain scores among children receiving HT. One trial reported beneficial effects sustained after 1 year of follow-up. One trial reported statistically significant improvement in quality of life in the HT group. Two trials reported significant reductions in school absenteeism after HT. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic effects of HT seem superior to standard medical care in children with FAP or IBS. It remains difficult to quantify exact benefits. The need for more high quality research is evident.

What motivates professionals to learn and use hypnosis in clinical practice?

The authors devised and validated a questionnaire assessing the various possible motivations for learning and using hypnosis and administered it to 125 Israeli psychologists, physicians, and dentists who study and/or use hypnosis in their clinical work. The results suggest that most professionals were motivated by a desire to improve their professional performance and that a majority of professionals were primarily influenced in their desire to learn hypnosis by colleagues in academically or clinically oriented settings.

Belgian norms for the Waterloo-Stanford Group C (WSGC) Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility.

Belgian norms of the Waterloo-Stanford Group C Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility (WSGC) are presented. A French translation of the WSGC was administered to 150 Belgium college students between October and December 2009. Belgium has 2 main linguistic groups, Dutch and French speakers. The present translation was conceived for all French-speaking populations. Score distribution, item analysis, and reliability of the WSGC are presented and compared to the normative sample of the WSGC. The results were also compared with 2 North American norms (University of Connecticut and Seton Hall University) and a Portuguese (translated) norm. The findings show that normative data from the French (Belgium) sample are in line with the reference samples. The only significant difference was the lower proportion of participants scoring within the high range of hypnotic suggestibility on the WSGC.

Preliminary study of relationships between hypnotic susceptibility and personality disorder functioning styles in healthy volunteers and personality disorder patients.

BACKGROUND: Hypnotic susceptibility is one of the stable characteristics of individuals, but not closely related to the personality traits such as those measured by the five-factor model in the general population. Whether it is related to the personality disorder functioning styles remains unanswered. METHODS: In 77 patients with personality disorders and 154 healthy volunteers, we administered the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale: Form C (SHSSC) and the Parker Personality Measure (PERM) tests. RESULTS: Patients with personality disorders showed higher passing rates on SHSSC Dream and Posthypnotic Amnesia items. No significant correlation was found in healthy volunteers. In the patients however, SHSSC Taste hallucination (ß=0.26) and Anosmia to Ammonia (ß=-0.23) were significantly correlated with the PERM Borderline style; SHSSC Posthypnotic Amnesia was correlated with the PERM Schizoid style (ß=0.25) but negatively the PERM Narcissistic style (ß=-0.23). CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide limited evidence that could help to understand the abnormal cognitions in personality disorders, such as their hallucination and memory distortions.

[Use of antioxidant and other complementary medicine by patients treated by antitumor chemotherapy: a prospective study]. / Prise d'antioxydants et d'autres thérapies complémentaires par les patients sous chimiothérapie antitumorale : étude prospective.

Use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has been reported to be more and more frequent among cancer patients in USA. The aim of this study was to analyze among French cancer patients the prevalence of CAM use, focusing on antioxidants (AO) that could interfere with antitumor agents. Seventy-nine patients, treated by antitumor chemotherapy in oncology day care unit, participated to an interview (medium age  =  60 years old). CAM use was reported by 42% of patients: mostly AO (24%) (selenium, green tea and vitamins ACE, more specifically), but also relaxation, acupuncture, hypnosis (19%) and homeopathy (15%). Among patients using CAM, 66% of them indicated that their physicians were not aware of this use and 47% of them thought that CAM use was safe. Nevertheless, for seven patients who have taken AO, previous in vitro and preclinical studies suggested interactions with antitumor chemotherapy. Therefore, CAM use and, more specifically, AO use is common among cancer patients treated by antitumor chemotherapy in France. Nevertheless, AO could generate interactions with conventional treatment. Clinical studies are warranted to evaluate these interactions, and adequate communication with patients is needed.

Polish norms for the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A.

The Polish version of the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (HGSHS:A; Shor & Orne, 1962) was administered to 1174 participants (968 women and 206 men). Polish data were compared with other norming studies. Point-biserial item-scale correlations ranged from r = .12 (posthypnotic suggestion item) to r = .49. The Kuder-Richardson correlation of .70 was within the range of the reference samples. Test-retest reliability coefficients were obtained from one group of participants tested twice in the same session (r = .69, p < .05), and another group 8 weeks apart (r = .58, p < .05). Females scored significantly higher than males.

Psicología y fútbol profesional: caracterización de un reto pendiente / Psychology and professional football: characterization of a hanging challenge

La relación entre la psicología y el fútbol debe ser revisada con el fin de lograr un ajuste óptimo. En este trabajo se hace una revisión y carazterización de la misma desde el trabajo desarrollado por el autor en distintos clubs de fútbol profesional. en este trabajo sa apuntan también las cuestiones pendientes que debe resolver la psicología en relación al fútbol y viceversa(AU)

The relation between the psychology and the football must be checked in order to achieve an ideal adjustment. In this work a review is done and carazterización of the same one from the work developed by the author in different clubs of professional football. In this work sa aim also at the hanging questions that the psychology must solve in relation to the football and vice versa (AU)