Proliferative enteropathy caused by Lawsonia intracellularis in rabbits in Southern Brazil / Enteropatia proliferativa por Lawsonia intracellularis em coelhos no Sul do Brasil

Proliferative enteropathy (PE), also known as ileitis, is a disease caused by the bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis. This disease is characterized by diarrhea and ill-thrift. The aim of this study is to describe a PE outbreak in rabbits that occurred in Southern Brazil. The farm had 700 rabbits at the time the outbreak occurred. The clinical signs were severe diarrhea, dehydration, and apathy. Necropsy was performed in 33 rabbits, and the most evident macroscopic findings were thickening of the intestinal wall, intestinal loops distended by large amounts of gas, and liquid feces. Histopathological examination demonstrated a marked proliferation of enterocytes in intestinal crypts, decrease number of goblet cells, and crypts microabscesses. Silver impregnation technique (Warthin-Starry) demonstrated in intestinal crypts inside of enterocytes cytoplasm, curved vibrioid bacteria compatible with L. intracellularis. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-L. intracellularis confirmed the agent presence. PCR was performed and L. intracellularis was confirmed as the etiological agent.

A enteropatia proliferativa (EP), também conhecida como ileíte, é uma doença causada pela bactéria Lawsonia intracellularis, que é caracterizada por diarreia com redução do ganho de peso. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever um surto de EP em coelhos na região sul do Brasil. A propriedade possuía 700 coelhos, durante o período do surto. O quadro clínico caracterizava-se por diarreia severa, desidratação e apatia. Realizou-se o exame de necropsia em 33 coelhos, e as alterações macroscópicas mais evidentes eram: alças intestinais acentuadamente distendidas por gás e fezes líquidas, além de serosa rugosa e parede intestinal moderadamente espessada. Na análise histopatológica do intestino delgado visualizou se marcada hiperplasia de enterócitos de criptas, moderada diminuição do número de células caliciformes e microabscessos de criptas. A etiologia das lesões foi confirmada pela técnica de impregnação pela prata (Warthin-Starry), evidenciando bactérias vibrioides compatíveis com L. intracellularis no ápicede enterócitos das criptas intestinais. Ainda, foi obtida imunomarcação positiva de enterócitos de criptas na imuno-histoquímica com anticorpo anti-L. intracellularis e a PCR positiva em amostras de intestino.

Proliferative enteropathy caused by Lawsonia intracellularis in rabbits in Southern Brazil / Enteropatia proliferativa por Lawsonia intracellularis em coelhos no Sul do Brasil

Proliferative enteropathy (PE), also known as ileitis, is a disease caused by the bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis. This disease is characterized by diarrhea and ill-thrift. The aim of this study is to describe a PE outbreak in rabbits that occurred in Southern Brazil. The farm had 700 rabbits at the time the outbreak occurred. The clinical signs were severe diarrhea, dehydration, and apathy. Necropsy was performed in 33 rabbits, and the most evident macroscopic findings were thickening of the intestinal wall, intestinal loops distended by large amounts of gas, and liquid feces. Histopathological examination demonstrated a marked proliferation of enterocytes in intestinal crypts, decrease number of goblet cells, and crypts microabscesses. Silver impregnation technique (Warthin-Starry) demonstrated in intestinal crypts inside of enterocytes cytoplasm, curved vibrioid bacteria compatible with L. intracellularis. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-L. intracellularis confirmed the agent presence. PCR was performed and L. intracellularis was confirmed as the etiological agent.(AU)

A enteropatia proliferativa (EP), também conhecida como ileíte, é uma doença causada pela bactéria Lawsonia intracellularis, que é caracterizada por diarreia com redução do ganho de peso. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever um surto de EP em coelhos na região sul do Brasil. A propriedade possuía 700 coelhos, durante o período do surto. O quadro clínico caracterizava-se por diarreia severa, desidratação e apatia. Realizou-se o exame de necropsia em 33 coelhos, e as alterações macroscópicas mais evidentes eram: alças intestinais acentuadamente distendidas por gás e fezes líquidas, além de serosa rugosa e parede intestinal moderadamente espessada. Na análise histopatológica do intestino delgado visualizou se marcada hiperplasia de enterócitos de criptas, moderada diminuição do número de células caliciformes e microabscessos de criptas. A etiologia das lesões foi confirmada pela técnica de impregnação pela prata (Warthin-Starry), evidenciando bactérias vibrioides compatíveis com L. intracellularis no ápicede enterócitos das criptas intestinais. Ainda, foi obtida imunomarcação positiva de enterócitos de criptas na imuno-histoquímica com anticorpo anti-L. intracellularis e a PCR positiva em amostras de intestino.(AU)

Associação à positividade da Lawsonia intracellularis com a expressão clínico-patológica da infecção em suínos da região metropolitana de Bucaramanga (Santander, Colômbia) / Association to positivity of Lawsonia intracellularis with the clinical and pathologic expression of infection in swine from the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga (Santander, Colombia)

Porções de íleo terminal foram coletados de 100 suínos com sinais de doença gastrointestinal na área metropolitana de Bucaramanga, a fim de se estudar a eficiência do diagnóstico de enteropatia proliferativa suína (PPE) pela técnica de PCR aninha (PCRa) empregando sequências específicas (primers) para L. intracellularis: 16S ARN região (270pb) e sua correlação com achados clínicos e patológicos. Todas as amostras foram processadas para se determinar a associação entre positividade por PCR, os sinais clínicos, os achados de necropsia e as lesões histológicas. Cinquenta e seis por cento das amostras foram positivas para L. intracellularis pela PCRa. Só 2% exibiram resultados positivos pela técnica Warthin-Starry. Trinta e um de 100 animais com sinais de anorexia resultaram positivos para PCRa (P>0,05). Não houve associação (P<0,05) entre diarreia e queda no crescimento, bem como associação (P<0,05) entre achados anatomopatológicos e histológicos com PCRa positivas.(AU)

Fragments of terminal ileum were collected from 100 pigs at slaughter from Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area (Santander, Colombia), to study the efficacy of the diagnosis of porcine proliferative enterophaty (PPE) through the technique of nested polymerase chain reaction (PCRa), employing specific sequences (primers) for L. intracellularis: 16S ARN region (270pb) and his correlation with clinic and pathological findings. All samples were processed by standard histological methods and stained with a Warthin-Starry technique. All samples were processed to determinate the association between positive PCRa results, clinical signs and necropsy findings. 56% of the 100 samples were positive for L. intracellularis through PCRa technic. Only 2% exhibited positive results through Warthin-Starry technique. A total of 31 (100) animals with anorexic symptoms were associated with positive results from PCRa (P>,05). No associations (P<0.05) were observed between diarrhea and delayed growth. No associations (P<0.05) were observed between anatomopathological and histological findings with positive PCRa.(AU)

Associação à positividade da Lawsonia intracellularis com a expressão clínico-patológica da infecção em suínos da região metropolitana de Bucaramanga (Santander, Colômbia) / Association to positivity of Lawsonia intracellularis with the clinical and pathologic expression of infection in swine from the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga (Santander, Colombia)

Porções de íleo terminal foram coletados de 100 suínos com sinais de doença gastrointestinal na área metropolitana de Bucaramanga, a fim de se estudar a eficiência do diagnóstico de enteropatia proliferativa suína (PPE) pela técnica de PCR aninha (PCRa) empregando sequências específicas (primers) para L. intracellularis: 16S ARN região (270pb) e sua correlação com achados clínicos e patológicos. Todas as amostras foram processadas para se determinar a associação entre positividade por PCR, os sinais clínicos, os achados de necropsia e as lesões histológicas. Cinquenta e seis por cento das amostras foram positivas para L. intracellularis pela PCRa. Só 2% exibiram resultados positivos pela técnica Warthin-Starry. Trinta e um de 100 animais com sinais de anorexia resultaram positivos para PCRa (P>0,05). Não houve associação (P<0,05) entre diarreia e queda no crescimento, bem como associação (P<0,05) entre achados anatomopatológicos e histológicos com PCRa positivas.(AU)

Fragments of terminal ileum were collected from 100 pigs at slaughter from Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area (Santander, Colombia), to study the efficacy of the diagnosis of porcine proliferative enterophaty (PPE) through the technique of nested polymerase chain reaction (PCRa), employing specific sequences (primers) for L. intracellularis: 16S ARN region (270pb) and his correlation with clinic and pathological findings. All samples were processed by standard histological methods and stained with a Warthin-Starry technique. All samples were processed to determinate the association between positive PCRa results, clinical signs and necropsy findings. 56% of the 100 samples were positive for L. intracellularis through PCRa technic. Only 2% exhibited positive results through Warthin-Starry technique. A total of 31 (100) animals with anorexic symptoms were associated with positive results from PCRa (P>,05). No associations (P<0.05) were observed between diarrhea and delayed growth. No associations (P<0.05) were observed between anatomopathological and histological findings with positive PCRa.(AU)

Granulomatous enteritis associated with porcine proliferative enteropathy

An outbreak of proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy in a commercial pig farm, characterized by granulomatous enteritis, was studied by slaughter checks and by histopathological, histochemical and immunohistochemical studies. Six of the postmortem examined pigs (117-122-day-old) with diagnosis of porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE) showed granulomatous enteritis and 4.3% of the 465 slaughtered pigs showed gross lesions of PPE. A total of 33 of the 66 ileum samples had histopathological changes, whereas 17 of them had granulomatous enteritis and PPE lesions. Lawsonia intracellularis was immunolabeled in 52 of the ileum samples in epithelial cells and within granulomatous inflammation in Peyer´s patches and in 28 samples of mesenteric lymph nodes. Porcine circovirus type 2 was only detected by immunohistochemistry in 4 ileum samples and in 5 mesenteric lymph nodes. Since there was a strong statistically significant association between granulomatous enteritis and L. intracellularis infection, granulomatous enteritis could be considered as a part of the PPE complex.(AU)

Use of tylvalosin-medicated feed to control porcine proliferative enteropathy.

The effect of an oral treatment with the tartrate salt of tylvalosin on the development of proliferative enteropathy in 60 experimentally challenged pigs was studied. Thirty of the pigs were fed a diet medicated with 50 ppm tylvalosin and 30 were fed the unmedicated diet. The treated animals started to receive the medicated feed the day before they were inoculated, and continued to receive it for 14 days. The pigs' bodyweight, feed consumption and clinical signs were evaluated, and they were examined postmortem 20 days after inoculation, and samples of ileum were collected for immunohistochemistry (IHC) for Lawsonia intracellularis. Clinical signs of the disease were more evident in the untreated group than in the treated group. The average daily weight gain, average daily feed consumption and feed conversion efficiency were better in the treated group. The combined length of intestine with lesions was 2847 cm in the untreated group and 183 cm in the treated group. The tylvalosin treatment significantly reduced the level of L intracellularis infection; almost half of the treated pigs were IHC-negative compared with 3.3 per cent of the untreated pigs.

Prevalencia de enteropatía proliferativa porcina y caracterización histopatológica de las lesiones asociadas en cerdos sacrificados en el Matadero Municipal de Medellín, Colombia / Prevalence of porcine proliferativa enteritis and histopathologycal characterization of associated lesions in slaughtered pigs of Medellín, Colombia

En el período comprendido entre julio y octubre del año 1997 se evaluaron 360 intestinos de cerdos sacrificados en el Matadero Municipal de Medellín, Colombia, con el objetivo de establecer la prevalencia de la Enteropatía Proliferativa Porcina (EPP) en el departamento de Antioquia, caracterizar las lesiones anatomopatológicas asociadas y determinar la presencia de su agente etiológico Lawsonia intracellularis. El cálculo de la muestra se efectuó de una población tabular infinita con un límite de confianza del 95 por ciento y una seguridad de ±5 por ciento. Las muestras obtenidas se sometieron a inspección macroscópica y evaluación histopatológica utilizando las coloraciones de Hematoxilina-Eosina y Warthin-Starry. El análisis de los resultados se efectuó mediante estadística descriptiva y la prueba de independencia y contingencia (chi-cuadrado). La prevalencia de EPP fue del 87.22 or ciento, determinada por la presencia de las lesiones características de la enfermedad asociadas a su agente etiológico L. intracellularis. Las formas lesionales más frecuentes fueron: Adenomatosis Intestinal en un 74.72 por ciento e Ileítis Regional en un 20.55 por ciento. Este artículo discute los hallazgos epidemiológicos y anatomopatológicos de EPP en el departamento de Antioquia y se constituye en el primer reporte del hallazgo de una bacteria como L. intracellularis diagnosticada por un método directo en Colombia.