Tan lejos de la investigación científica, tan cerca de la inteligencia artificial / So far from scientific research, so close to artificial intelligence

En este editorial se exploran los posibles riesgos que representa el uso de la inteligencia artificial para la elaboración de trabajos académicos y científicos. Además, se presenta una lista de riesgos para la investigación científica elaborada por la plataforma ChatGPT con el objetivo de explorar su precisión en la generación de textos.

This editorial explores the possible risks posed by the use of artificial intelligence for the preparation of academic and scientific work. Additionally, a list of risks for scientific research is presented by the ChatGPT platform with the aim of exploring its accuracy in generating texts.

Measuring researchers' potential scholarly impact with structural variations: Four types of researchers in information science (1979-2018).

We propose a method to measure the potential scholarly impact of researchers based on network structural variations they introduced to the underlying author co-citation network of their field. We applied the method to the information science field based on 91,978 papers published between 1979 and 2018 from the Web of Science. We divided the entire period into eight consecutive intervals and measured structural variation change rates (ΔM) of individual authors in corresponding author co-citation networks. Four types of researchers are identified in terms of temporal dynamics of their potential scholarly impact-1) Increasing, 2) Decreasing, 3) Sustained, and 4) Transient. The study contributes to the understanding of how researchers' scholarly impact might evolve in a broad context of the corresponding research community. Specifically, this study illustrated a crucial role played by structural variation metrics in measuring and explaining the potential scholarly impact of a researcher. This method based on the structural variation analysis offers a theoretical framework and a practical platform to analyze the potential scholarly impact of researchers and their specific contributions.

Structural effects of the information revolution on tax-funded European health systems and some potential policy responses.

The ongoing information revolution has re-configured the policymaking arena for tax-funded health systems in Europe. A combination of constrained public revenues with rapid technological and clinical change has created a particularly demanding set of operational challenges. Tax-funded health systems face three ongoing struggles: 1) finding badly needed new public revenues despite inadequate GDP growth 2) channeling additional funds into new high-quality provider capacity 3) re-configuring the stasis-tied organizational structure and operations of existing public providers. This commentary reviews key elements of this new information-revolution-driven context, followed by a consideration of seven specific policy challenges that it creates and/or worsens for tax-funded European systems going forward.

[Medicine 4.0, the importance of electronics, information technology and microsystems in modern medicine - the case of customized chemotherapy]. / « Médecine 4.0 ¼ ou de l'importance des nouvelles technologies dans la médecine moderne - Le cas de la chimiothérapie personnalisée.

A paradigm shift seems to emerge, not only in industrial engineering ("Industry 4.0") but also in medicine: we are on the threshold to "Medicine 4.0". For many years, molecular biology had a leading position in life sciences, but today scientists start realizing that microelectronic systems, due to an increasing miniaturization, are reaching the scale of human cells and consequently can be used for therapeutic approaches. This article shows how microelectronics can play a major role in modern medicine, through the example of customized chemotherapy. This consists in determining, before the beginning of the treatment, what kind of chemotherapy or drug combination will be most effective for a given patient, and at which dose. This of course allows the lessening of a patient burden during treatment, but also to be more efficient and, in the long run, to save money. In order to do this, we have developed the Intelligent Microplate Reader (IMR), which allows us to accurately test different drugs on living cells by mimicking part of their usual environment.

Learning an unknown transformation via a genetic approach.

Recent developments in integrated photonics technology are opening the way to the fabrication of complex linear optical interferometers. The application of this platform is ubiquitous in quantum information science, from quantum simulation to quantum metrology, including the quest for quantum supremacy via the boson sampling problem. Within these contexts, the capability to learn efficiently the unitary operation of the implemented interferometers becomes a crucial requirement. In this letter we develop a reconstruction algorithm based on a genetic approach, which can be adopted as a tool to characterize an unknown linear optical network. We report an experimental test of the described method by performing the reconstruction of a 7-mode interferometer implemented via the femtosecond laser writing technique. Further applications of genetic approaches can be found in other contexts, such as quantum metrology or learning unknown general Hamiltonian evolutions.

El correcto empleo del español / The correct use of Spanish

No disponible

Sources of information on food consumption in Spain and Europe / Fuentes de información sobre el consumo alimentario en España y Europa

Estimation of food consumption and nutrient intake is a topic of growing interest. Currently, both in Europe and in Spain, there are numerous sources of information on food consumption, that we provide information on different levels: national, household and individual, all of them are useful, but including some limitations, mainly arising from the lack of accurate data on food purchased but not consumed. The data obtained allow, among other things, meet dietary habits, explore the food quality, study the energy and nutrient intake and / or assessing exposure to food risks. Among the existing sources in Spain can highlight two surveys especially useful: the Household Budget Survey of the National Statistics Institute (INE) and Food Consumption Panel Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment (MAGRAMA). Both provide for many years food consumption but, lately, only in households. Both European and Spanish would be necessary to improve the usefulness of the data, standardize the type of survey used and could be comparable between them (AU)

La estimación del consumo de alimentos y la ingesta de nutrientes es un tema de creciente interés. Actualmente, tanto en Europa como en España, existen fuentes de información sobre el consumo de alimentos, que nos ofrecen esta información a distintos niveles: nacional, familiar o individual, todas ellas son de gran utilidad, pero incluyen algunas limitaciones, principalmente derivadas de la falta de datos precisos sobre los alimentos comprados pero no consumidos. Los datos obtenidos permiten, entre otras, conocer los hábitos alimentarios, explorar la calidad de la alimentación, estudiar la ingesta de energía y nutrientes y/o evaluar la exposición a riesgos alimentarios. Entre las fuentes existentes en España se pueden resaltar dos encuestas de especial utilidad: la encuesta de presupuestos familiares del Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) y el panel de consumo de alimentos del Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente (MAGRAMA). Ambas proporcionan desde hace bastantes años la información relativa al consumo de alimentos pero, últimamente, sólo en hogares. Tanto a nivel europeo como español sería necesario, para mejorar la utilidad de los datos, estandarizar el tipo de encuestas utilizadas, para ser comparables entre ellas (AU)

Crossing the chasm: information technology to biomedical informatics.

Accelerating the translation of new scientific discoveries to improve human health and disease management is the overall goal of a series of initiatives integrated in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) "Roadmap for Medical Research." The Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) program is, arguably, the most visible component of the NIH Roadmap providing resources to institutions to transform their clinical and translational research enterprises along the goals of the Roadmap. The CTSA program emphasizes biomedical informatics as a critical component for the accomplishment of the NIH's translational objectives. To be optimally effective, emerging biomedical informatics programs must link with the information technology platforms of the enterprise clinical operations within academic health centers.This report details one academic health center's transdisciplinary initiative to create an integrated academic discipline of biomedical informatics through the development of its infrastructure for clinical and translational science infrastructure and response to the CTSA mechanism. This approach required a detailed informatics strategy to accomplish these goals. This transdisciplinary initiative was the impetus for creation of a specialized biomedical informatics core, the Center for Biomedical Informatics (CBI). Development of the CBI codified the need to incorporate medical informatics including quality and safety informatics and enterprise clinical information systems within the CBI. This article describes the steps taken to develop the biomedical informatics infrastructure, its integration with clinical systems at one academic health center, successes achieved, and barriers encountered during these efforts.

Elaboración de textos científicos desde primer curso del grado: experiencia en la asignatura “Información y Metodología Científica” / Preparation of scientific texts from first year of degree: experience in the subject " Información y Metodología Científica”

La asignatura “Información y Metodología Científica” tiene asignadas en el Grado en Farmacia, entre otras, las competencias genéricas de saber obtener información científica, conocer las partes de un trabajo científico, el lenguaje métrico y la forma de citar la bibliografía, y saber utilizar las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Se pretende que el estudiante adquiera una forma de trabajar que vaya poniendo en práctica en otras asignaturas de la titulación y se facilite la elaboración del Trabajo de Fin de Grado. Para trabajar y adquirir estas competencias, en esta asignatura se han diseñado unas actividades cuyo objetivo principal es la elaboración de un trabajo tutelado. Siguiendo unas instrucciones precisas, en la primera fase del trabajo cada pareja de estudiantes realiza dos documentos: un texto científico y una presentación de diapositivas. En una segunda fase, tres parejas de estudiantes con el mismo tema ponen en común su experiencia y realizan un único trabajo final. Cada uno de estos trabajos finales es subido a la plataforma de apoyo a la docencia y valorado por sus compañeros del grupo de seminarios (8 grupos de 6 estudiantes que presentan 8 trabajos finales). A esta valoración, se le suma la calificación otorgada por el profesorado en base al trabajo entregado en ambas fases. El profesorado está muy satisfecho con los objetivos de aprendizaje conseguidos con esta actividad que supone entre el 40 y el 60 % de la evaluación de la asignatura(AU)

The main aims of the subject “Información y Metodología Científica” in the Degree in Pharmacy are, among others, to teach students how to obtain scientific information, to familiarize them with the parts of a scientific paper, the language metric and the literature citation format, and show them how to use information and communication technologies. It is expected to help students acquire a way of working to be implemented in other subjects of the Degree and it facilitates the preparation of the Final Degree Project. To work on these skills, this subject is designed around some activities whose primary objective is the development of a guided piece of work. Following precise instructions in the firstphase of the assignment, each pair of students prepares two documents: a scientific text and a slide presentation. In a second phase, three pairs of students with the same subject pool their experience and they prepare one final document. Each of these final documents is uploaded to a teaching support platform and evaluated by their classmates (eight teams of six students who submit eight projects). The mark given by teachers in previous phases is added to that of this assessment. Teachers are very pleased with the learning objectives achieved with this activity, which constitutes between 40 and 60 % of the assessment of the subject. In the academic year 2009/10, 290 students were enrolled in this subject(AU)