Desafios da implementação de políticas públicas de cuidados intermediários no Brasil e a atuação do Ministério Público / Implementation challenges of public policies for intermediate care in Brazil and the role of the public ministry

Os cuidados de longa duração intermediários assumem grande relevância diante do crescente envelhecimento populacional e do aumento da dependência funcional, que vêm acompanhados das mudanças no contexto familiar. A política de cuidados de longa duração no Brasil é incipiente, uma vez que os serviços intermediários são raros, apesar de sua previsão legal, como, por exemplo, o centro-dia. O Ministério Público pode atuar como indutor de políticas públicas na área dos cuidados de longa duração intermediários. Objetivo Analisar a atuação dos Ministérios Públicos Estaduais e do Distrito Federal em relação às políticas públicas de cuidados de longa duração intermediários a pessoas idosas, principalmente na modalidade centro-dia. Métodos Realizou-se uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório e descritivo, com abordagem qualiquantitativa, de natureza empírico-analítica. Para a coleta de dados, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, mediante aplicação de questionários enviados a 30 Membros do Ministério Público, entre coordenadores de Centros de Apoio Operacional e Promotores de Justiça, de vários estados brasileiros e do Distrito Federal, que atuam na área de direitos das pessoas idosas. Analisaram-se principalmente os Planejamentos Estratégicos e Planos Gerais de Atuação. Para a análise dos dados nos apoiamos na técnica da Análise de Conteúdo; técnica empregada com adaptações. Resultados No Brasil, não há um sistema público dedicado ao atendimento a pessoas com dependência, nem o estabelecimento de prazos de implantação de equipamentos, tampouco previsão de financiamento específico. As categorias de análise evidenciadas foram: 1) Ministério Público: atuação, planos gerais e experiências exitosas; 2) Política pública de cuidados de longa duração intermediários; 3) Dificuldades na implementação; 4) A descentralização administrativa; 5) A quem cabe cuidar: uma questão cultural; e 6) Mudanças e resistências em torno da política pública de cuidados...

The interim long-term care gain great importance in the face of the growing aging population and increased functional dependence, which come accompanied by changes in the family context. The long-term care policy in Brazil is incipient, considering that the intermediary services are rare, despite its legal provision, as for example, the center-day. The Public Ministry can act as a promoter of public policies in the area of the intermediate long-term care. Objective - To analyze the performance of Public Ministry of the several states and the Federal District regarding interim long-term care policies for the elderly, especially in the central-day mode. Methods - We conducted a descriptive and exploratory research, with qualitativequantitative approach, and empirical-analytic nature. To collect data, semi-structured interviews were conducted through questionnaires sent to 30 members of the Public Prosecutor's Office, between coordinators of Centers Operational Support and Prosecutors from several Brazilian states and the Federal District, who work in the elderly rights area. Were analyzed mainly the Strategic Planning and Acting General Plans. To analyze the data we rely on the technique of Content Analysis; technique used with adaptations. Results - In Brazil, there is a public system dedicated to serving people with addiction, or the establishment of equipment deployment deadlines, nor specific funding forecast. The evidenced analysis categories were: 1) Public Ministry: acting, general plans and successful experiences; 2) Public Policy of interim long-term care; 3) difficulties in implementation; 4) administrative decentralization 5) Who has a duty of care: a cultural issue; and 6) changes and resistance around the public policy of care...

[Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in a pilot psychogeriatric unit: management and outcomes]. / Expérience d'une unité pilote (unité cognitivocomportementale) spécialisée dans la prise en charge des symptômes comportementaux et psychologiques de la démence.

BACKGROUND: Behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD) are a major concern. The French government gave a consensual definition of reinforced intermediate-term care units for BPSD within the project "Plan Alzheimer 2008/2012". OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to report one of the first experiences of this unit in France. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients (38 females, 14 males) were included, mean age 82.07±7.84 (73-97). About 80% of patients were improved and there was a high discharge rate to home of about 30%. Night-time behaviors, aberrant motor behaviors and agitation were the most frequent symptoms. CONCLUSION: Our study confirms that demented elderly patients greatly benefit from a specific BPSD care unit in agreement with the objective of Plan Alzheimer 2008/2012.

Effect of the Omnibus Reconciliation Act 1987 on antipsychotic prescribing in nursing home residents.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of OBRA 87 on antipsychotic prescribing in a 485-bed nursing home. DESIGN: Twelve-month retrospective cohort review of medical charts, medication administration records, and computerized pharmacy records. MEASUREMENTS: The percent of residents by diagnostic group and antipsychotic use. MAIN RESULTS: An attempt was made to stop or lower the dose of antipsychotic in 75% of the 107 residents studied. Antipsychotics were stopped in 45% of residents with a dementia-only diagnosis and 25% of residents with a psychiatric diagnosis (P < 0.05). Residents with documented symptoms appropriate for the use of antipsychotic, per OBRA 87, were significantly less likely to have their antipsychotic stopped. Twenty percent of residents whose antipsychotic was either stopped or its dose lowered had the agent restarted or its dose increased. CONCLUSION: OBRA 87 had a significant impact on antipsychotic use in this facility.

Development and evaluation of the Active Treatment Client Rights Checklist.

The role of active treatment has been recognized as vital to the habilitation of persons with mental retardation; however, evaluating the provision of active treatment has been difficult. This study describes the development of the Active Treatment Client Rights checklist (ATCR), which was designed to facilitate the assessment, monitoring, and implementation of readily observable client active treatment services. This investigation provides an explanation of item content, initial reliability data (Phase I), and the results of implementation of the ATCR over a 2-year period in an ICF/MR facility with 29 living units serving nearly 500 clients (Phase II). The ATCR is highly reliable, valid, and useful in enhancing staff provision of active treatment. The most sensitive indicator of active treatment was shown to be related to frequency of functional interactions between clients and staff.

Medicare and Medicaid programs; revaluation of assets; correction--HCFA. Correcting amendments.

This document contains corrections to final regulations (BPD-311-F) that were published September 23, 1992 (F.R. Doc. 92-22582) (57 FR 43906). The regulations describe new limitations on the valuations of assets acquired as the result of changes in ownership occurring on or after July 18, 1984. These changes affect hospitals and skilled nursing facilities under the Medicare program, and hospitals, nursing facilities, and intermediate care facilities for the mentally retarded under the Medicaid program.

Medicaid program; prohibitions on FFP for educational and vocational training for institutionalized individuals--HCFA. Final rule.

This final rule revises and clarifies the meaning of the prohibition against the use of Federal financial participation (FFP) for vocational training and educational activities in intermediate care facilities for the mentally retarded (ICFs/MR) and in psychiatric facilities or programs providing psychiatric services to individuals under age 21. It resolves issues that have been raised by the States and courts regarding the method and criteria that have been used by HCFA to determine which services are not eligible for FFP because of the educational and vocational training services exclusion.

Income allowance policies of state Medicaid agencies as work incentives or disincentives for ICF/MR residents.

Results of a survey of six Midwestern states demonstrated that although some state Medicaid agencies have had work incentive policies for ICF/MR residents for some time, others continue to utilize policies that are a disincentive to work. Policy changes toward employment incentives in state Medicaid agencies should improve work opportunities for workers with mental retardation at little expense to the government.

Compliance and quality in residential life. Quality, organization design, and standards.

Regulations and voluntary standards within the context of organizational design and mission as well as leadership in management for quality were discussed. Rules and regulations are closely associated with the structure and mission of the organization. Altering them may require fundamental redesign of organizational structure and purpose. Likewise, alterations in organizational design can change the need for rules and regulations. In addition, standards do not automatically yield quality. Rather, they define expected levels of performance from individuals, programs, and the organization. The senior management of organizations is responsible for exercising the leadership in managing for quality.