ABSTRACT
Addictive behaviors related to Internet are becoming more common and this tool has been essential once it enables home office, entertainment, homeschooling, and easy access to information. Despite the easiness brought by technology, the exaggerated use has affected users in different ways, including in the development of psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to assess internet addiction, depression, anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), attention, impulsivity, and stress in 48 adolescents (26 young women and 22 young men), aged from 15 to 18 years, with a mean age of 16.74 (0.61), mostly students of public schools, during COVID-19, to investigate correlations between these variables according to sex and sociodemographic aspects. To assess the factors, the Internet Addiction Test (IAT); the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale (SNAP-IV) Questionnaire ; the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale for brazilian adolescents (EDAE-A); the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11); and a sociodemographic questionnaire were applied. The data collection was performed in schools located in southern Brazil. The results indicated that 12 out of 48 adolescents were considered addicted to the Internet. Moreover, Internet addiction was a predictor of depression in regression analysis (p<0.001). In addition, participants classified as more addicted to the Internet scored lower averages in general attention (p<0.035) and higher averages in behavioral symptoms of inattention and ADHD (p<0.050), stress (p<0.003), anxiety (p<0.016), and depression (p<0.015), with effect sizes ranging from moderate to high. Therefore, the intense internet use by adolescents might cause psychological consequences such as depression in adolescents. Family support and professional intervention might help in the reduction of symptoms and consequences of internet addiction as well as in its prevention.(AU)
A dependência de internet é cada vez mais comum, pois essa ferramenta tem se tornado imprescindível, uma vez que possibilita home office, entretenimento, educação domiciliar e fácil acesso às informações. No entanto, o uso exagerado da tecnologia afeta os usuários de diversas formas, inclusive no desenvolvimento de transtornos psiquiátricos. Este estudo visou avaliar a dependência de internet, depressão, ansiedade, hiperatividade, atenção, impulsividade e estresse em 48 adolescentes (26 meninas e 22 meninos) de 15 a 18 anos, com idade média de 16,74 (0,61), estudantes de escolas públicas do Sul do Brasil durante a covid-19, para investigar correlações entre as variáveis anteriores de acordo com gênero e aspectos sociodemográficos. Para avaliar, aplicou-se o Internet Addiction Test (IAT), um teste de atenção, escala SNAP IV, escala de depressão, ansiedade e estresse para adolescentes (EDAE-A), escala de impulsividade de Barratt e um questionário sociodemográfico. Os resultados indicaram que 12 adolescentes foram considerados viciados em internet, e que a dependência desta foi preditora da depressão na análise de regressão (p < 0,001). Ainda, os participantes classificados como adictos tiveram médias mais baixas em atenção geral (p < 0,035) e mais altas em sintomas comportamentais de desatenção e hiperatividade (p < 0,050), estresse (p < 0,003), ansiedade (p < 0,016) e depressão (p < 0,015), com efeitos que variaram de moderado a alto. Portanto, o uso intenso da internet por adolescentes pode ter consequências psicológicas, como a depressão. Bom apoio familiar e intervenção profissional podem ajudar na redução dos sintomas e consequências, bem como na prevenção da dependência.(AU)
La adicción a Internet es cada vez más habitual, puesto que esta herramienta es esencial para el trabajo remoto, el entretenimiento, la educación domiciliar y el fácil acceso a la información. Sin embargo, su uso exagerado afecta a la vida de las personas de diferentes maneras, incluso en el desarrollo de trastornos psiquiátricos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la adicción a Internet, depresión, ansiedad, hiperactividad, atención, impulsividad y estrés en 48 adolescentes (26 muchachas y 22 muchachos), de entre 15 y 18 años, con una edad promedio de 16,74 (0,61), en su mayoría estudiantes de escuelas públicas del Sur de Brasil, durante la pandemia de la COVID-19, para investigar las correlaciones entre las variables mencionadas según género y aspectos sociodemográficos. Para evaluar los factores, se aplicaron el Test de Adicción a Internet (TAI), un test de atención, la escala SNAP IV, la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés para adolescentes (EDAE-A), la escala de impulsividad de Barratt y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Los resultados indicaron que 12 adolescentes fueron considerados adictos a Internet, además, la adicción a Internet fue un predictor de la depresión en el análisis de regresión (p<0,001). Igualmente, los participantes clasificados como más adictos a Internet tuvieron promedios más bajos en atención general (p<0,035), y más altos en síntomas conductuales de falta de atención e hiperactividad (p<0,050), estrés (p<0,003), ansiedad (p<0,016) y depresión (p<0,015), con efectos que varían de moderado a alto. Por lo tanto, el uso intenso podría producir consecuencias psicológicas como la depresión en los adolescentes. Tener un buen apoyo familiar e intervención profesional puede ayudar a reducir los síntomas y las consecuencias de la adicción a Internet, así como prevenirla.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adolescent , Internet Addiction Disorder , Technology Addiction , Mental Disorders , Perception , Personality Development , Psychological Phenomena , Psychological Tests , Psychology , Psychology, Social , Psychomotor Performance , Psychopathology , Psychotherapy , Rejection, Psychology , Self Concept , Sleep Wake Disorders , Social Adjustment , Social Alienation , Social Environment , Social Isolation , Social Sciences , Socialization , Socioeconomic Factors , Sociology , Stress, Psychological , Task Performance and Analysis , Therapeutics , Time , Work Simplification , Physicians' Offices , Bipolar Disorder , Boredom , Computer Communication Networks , Shyness , Activities of Daily Living , Computers , Exercise , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Comorbidity , Cerebral Cortex , Child Advocacy , Child Welfare , Mental Health , Public Health , Reproducibility of Results , Adolescent Behavior , Behavior, Addictive , Time Management , Cognition , Communications Media , Consumer Behavior , Neurobehavioral Manifestations , Neurocognitive Disorders , Wit and Humor , Counseling , Education, Distance , Affect , Culture , Adolescent Health , Depressive Disorder , Displacement, Psychological , Economics , Emotions , Equipment and Supplies , Disease Prevention , Exercise Test , Cerebrum , Family Conflict , Fear , Sedentary Behavior , Executive Function , Pandemics , Cognitive Dysfunction , Social Media , Financing, Personal , Mindfulness , Social Skills , Smartphone , Patient Health Questionnaire , Procrastination , Neuroticism , Academic Performance , Academic Success , Virtual Reality , Cyberbullying , Online Social Networking , Screen Time , Frustration , Data Analysis , Internet-Based Intervention , Psychological Distress , Social Comparison , Social Interaction , COVID-19 , Sluggish Cognitive Tempo , Exergaming , Social Deprivation , Sociodemographic Factors , Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder , Oppositional Defiant Disorder , Amygdala , Hostility , House Calls , Ergonomics , Impulsive Behavior , Interpersonal Relations , Introversion, Psychological , Anger , Learning , Limbic System , Loneliness , Mental Processes , Motivation , Motor Activity , Movement , NeurologyABSTRACT
A Avaliação Terapêutica (AT) é um processo avaliativo e interventivo proposto para ser semiestruturado e colaborativo com o objetivo de promover mudanças positivas no cliente, que é convidado a ter uma participação ativa durante o processo. Na AT, os resultados dos testes psicológicos padronizados ganham destaque como facilitadores do processo de autoconhecimento do cliente. Desse modo, usualmente, integram-se os achados de testes psicológicos de autorrelato com os métodos projetivos para gerar informações que possam ampliar a visão que o cliente tem de si. Neste artigo, buscou-se compreender o potencial de uso dos testes psicológicos e da relação colaborativa a partir de um caso atendido na perspectiva da AT. A participante, Violeta (nome fictício), foi atendida em 10 sessões com duração entre 60 e 115 minutos. Foram utilizados os testes psicológicos Escala de Bem-Estar Psicológico (Ebep), Escala de Vulnerabilidade e Estresse no Trabalho (Event), Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade (BFP), Método de Rorschach e Inventários de Habilidades Sociais 2 (IHS-2). Observou-se que, durante o processo, Violeta ampliou sua autopercepção, o que possibilitou mudanças no modo de agir em seus relacionamentos amorosos e na reflexão sobre como sua postura era vista por si e por seus colegas de trabalho. Acredita-se que a AT cumpriu com o objetivo de estabelecer uma experiência terapêutica que possibilitasse mudanças positivas para a cliente. Este estudo de caso contribuiu para ampliar a compreensão sobre a importância e o uso dos testes psicológicos neste modelo de avaliação psicológica.(AU)
The Therapeutic Assessment (TA) is an evaluative and interventional process proposed to be semi-structured and collaborative with the objective of promoting positive changes in the client, who is invited to have an active participation during the process. At the TA, the results of standardized psychological tests are highlighted as facilitators of the client's self-knowledge process. In this way, the findings of psychological self-report tests are usually integrated with projective methods to generate information that can broaden the client's view of themselves. In this article, understanding the potential use of psychological tests and of the collaborative relationship from a case treated from the TA perspective was sought. The participant, Violet (fictitious name), was assisted in 10 sessions lasting between 60 and 115 minutes. The psychological tests Psychological Well-Being Scale (EBEP), Vulnerability and Stress at Work Scale (EVENT), Personality Factorial Battery (BFP), Rorschach Method and Social Skills Inventories 2 (IHS-2) were used. It was observed that, during the process, Violet increased her self-perception, which allowed changes in her way of acting in her love life and in her reflection on how her posture was seen by herself and herco-workers. It is believed that TA fulfilled the objective of establishing a therapeutic experience that would enable positive changes for the client. This case study contributed to broaden the understanding about the importance and use of psychological testing in this psychological assessment model.(AU)
La Evaluación Terapéutica (ET) es un proceso de evaluación e intervención que se propone ser semiestructurado y colaborativo, con el objetivo de lograr cambios positivos en el cliente, quien es invitado a tener participación activa durante el proceso. En la ET se destacan los resultados de las pruebas psicológicas estandarizadas como facilitadoras del proceso de autoconocimiento del cliente. Los hallazgos de las pruebas psicológicas de autoinforme suelen integrarse con métodos proyectivos para generar información que pueda ampliar la visión que el cliente tiene de sí mismo. En este artículo se buscó comprender el uso potencial de las pruebas psicológicas y de la relación colaborativa a partir de un estudio de caso tratado desde la perspectiva de la ET. Atendieron a la participante Violeta (nombre ficticio), en 10 sesiones que duraron entre 60 y 115 minutos. Se utilizaron las pruebas psicológicas Escala de Bienestar Psicológico (EBEP), Escala de Vulnerabilidad y Estrés en el Trabajo (EVENT), Batería de Factorial de la Personalidad (BFP), Método de Rorschach e Inventario de Habilidades Sociales 2 (IHS-dos). Se observó que, durante el proceso, Violeta amplió su autopercepción, lo que permitió cambios en la forma de actuar en sus relaciones amorosas y en el reflejo de como ella y sus compañeros de trabajo veían su postura. Así, se cree que ET ha cumplido el objetivo de establecer una experiencia terapéutica que permitió cambios positivos a la cliente. Este estudio contribuyó a ampliar la comprensión sobre la importancia y el uso de las pruebas psicológicas en este modelo de evaluación psicológica.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Therapeutics , Psychological Techniques , Psychological Distress , Anxiety Disorders , Projection , Psychoanalysis , Psychological Tests , Psychology , Psychotherapy , Rabies , Rorschach Test , Shame , Social Adjustment , Social Behavior , Social Environment , Social Identification , Social Isolation , Social Support , Socialization , Avoidance Learning , Sublimation, Psychological , Temperance , Thinking , Unconscious, Psychology , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Behaviorism , Shyness , Adaptation, Psychological , Attitude , Mental Health , Efficacy , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Negotiating , Mental Competency , Codependency, Psychological , Communication , Neurobehavioral Manifestations , Counseling , Affect , Disaster Vulnerability , Personal Autonomy , Defense Mechanisms , Behavior Control , Harm Reduction , Researcher-Subject Relations , Trust , Stress Disorders, Traumatic , Aggression , Dependency, Psychological , Depression , Diagnosis , Emotions , Escape Reaction , Exercise Therapy , Extraversion, Psychological , Fantasy , Resilience, Psychological , Fear , Video-Audio Media , Self-Control , Psychological Trauma , Psychosocial Support Systems , Occupational Stress , Neuroticism , Free Association , Frustration , Sadness , Respect , Leadership and Governance Capacity , Betrayal , Patient Care , Psychosocial Functioning , Psychosocial Intervention , Social Interaction , Information Avoidance , Listening Effort , Gestalt Therapy , Psychological Well-Being , Helping Behavior , Human Development , Identification, Psychological , Identity Crisis , Individuation , Interpersonal Relations , Interview, Psychological , Introversion, Psychological , Leadership , Loneliness , Mental Disorders , Mental Processes , Motivation , Negativism , Neurotic DisordersABSTRACT
A Psicologia Escolar e Educacional vem conquistando novos espaços para a atuação e campo de pesquisa, dentre eles, destacamos a educação superior. Assim, este estudo teve por objetivo conhecer as demandas apresentadas por coordenadores de cursos de graduação, analisá-las à luz da Psicologia Escolar na vertente crítica e apontar possibilidades de atuação do psicólogo escolar junto a estes. A pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, foi realizada a partir da análise de conteúdo das respostas obtidas dos questionários enviados por e-mail aos coordenadores dos 77 cursos de graduação oferecidos por uma instituição pública de ensino superior de Minas Gerais. Contamos com 28 questionários respondidos. As demandas apresentadas referem-se a questões acadêmicas e emocionais dos estudantes; sobrecarga de trabalho docente; relações interpessoais e formação continuada; burocracias enfrentadas pelos coordenadores; além da falta de preparação prévia e apoio para o exercício da função e concepções sobre o trabalho do psicólogo escolar. Concluímos que o coordenador, ao ouvir e compreender demandas advindas de discentes, docentes e técnicos, responde a elas por meio de uma parceria auspiciosa com o psicólogo escolar, juntamente com outros segmentos e instâncias da instituição.(AU)
The School and Educational Psychology has been conquering new spaces for professional performance and research field, among them, we highlight Higher Education. Therefore, this study aimed to get the demands presented by coordinators of undergraduate courses and analyze them in the light of School Psychology in the critical perspective and to point out possibilities for the performance of the school psychologist with them. The qualitative research was carried out based on the content analysis of the answers obtained from the questionnaires sent by e-mail to the coordinators of the 77 undergraduate courses offered by a public Higher Education institution in Minas Gerais. We have 28 answered questionnaires. The demands presented refer to students' academic and emotional issues; the overload of teaching work; interpersonal relationships and continuing education; the bureaucracies faced by coordinators; and the lack of prior preparation and support for the practice of the function and conceptions about the work of the school psychologist. We conclude that the coordinator, when listening to and understanding demands from students, teachers, and technicians, seeks to respond to them with an auspicious partnership with the school psychologist, together with other segments and instances of the institution.(AU)
La Psicología Escolar y Educacional sigue conquistando nuevos espacios para la actuación y campo de investigación, entre ellos destaca la educación superior. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer las demandas presentadas por los coordinadores de cursos de graduación, analizarlas desde la perspectiva crítica de la Psicología Escolar y señalar posibilidades de actuación del psicólogo escolar. La investigación cualitativa realizó el análisis de contenido de las respuestas obtenidas de los cuestionarios enviados por correo electrónico a los coordinadores de los 77 cursos ofrecidos por una institución pública de educación superior en Minas Gerais (Brasil). Se respondieron 28 cuestionarios. Las demandas presentadas se refieren a cuestiones académicas y emocionales de los estudiantes; a la sobrecarga del trabajo docente; a las relaciones interpersonales y educación continua; a las burocracias que enfrentan los coordinadores; además de la falta de preparación previa y apoyo para el ejercicio de la función y concepciones sobre el trabajo del psicólogo escolar. Se concluye que el coordinador escucha y considera las demandas de los estudiantes, profesores y técnicos, y trata de responderlas por medio de una asociación favorable con el psicólogo escolar, junto con otros segmentos e instancias de la institución.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Schools , Thinking , Universities , Critical Theory , Organization and Administration , Personnel Turnover , Professional-Family Relations , Psychological Phenomena , Psychology , Psychology, Social , Quality of Life , Aspirations, Psychological , Remedial Teaching , Salaries and Fringe Benefits , Social Adjustment , Sociology , Student Dropouts , Student Health Services , Suicide, Attempted , Work , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Adaptation, Psychological , Career Choice , Mental Health , Surveys and Questionnaires , Problem-Based Learning , Expressed Emotion , Education, Primary and Secondary , Decision Making , Directive Counseling , Qualitative Research , Depression , Education , Employee Discipline , Employee Grievances , Employee Performance Appraisal , Humanization of Assistance , Ethics, Institutional , Information Technology , Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services , Resilience, Psychological , Capacity Building , Food Assistance , Social Skills , Alcohol Drinking in College , Academic Failure , Burnout, Psychological , Clinical Telehealth Coordinator , Psychological Distress , Models, Biopsychosocial , Financial Stress , Gender Equity , Citizenship , Suicide Prevention , Institutional Analysis , Governing Board , Interpersonal Relations , Interprofessional Relations , Introversion, Psychological , Leadership , Learning DisabilitiesABSTRACT
Este artigo tem como objetivo produzir uma análise histórica sobre as intersecções entre Psicologia e sexualidade desviantes da norma no Brasil, de fins do século XIX a meados da década de 1980. Esta temporalidade foi escolhida por abarcar o surgimento das pesquisas científicas sobre sexualidade e desvios sexuais, a consolidação dos estudos psicológicos sobre a temática e o processo mais recente de despatologização da homossexualidade. Em termos teóricos e metodológicos, foram adotados os pressupostos da História Social da Psicologia e da historiografia das homossexualidades no Brasil. Desse modo, buscou-se compreender como as ideias, concepções e práticas psicológicas foram mudando ao longo do tempo, em conexão com as transformações socioculturais e políticas que ocorreram durante o século XX. Para isto, foram utilizadas fontes primárias e secundárias de pesquisa com vistas à produção de interpretações sobre as conexões entre as ideias, os atores e os eventos narrados. Argumenta-se, ao longo do artigo, que as ideias e práticas psicológicas estão intrinsecamente conectadas aos contextos socioculturais e políticos de seu tempo, sendo os movimentos dinâmicos e os conflitos presentes nesses contextos fatores determinantes para a sua constituição.(AU)
This article aims to produce a historical analysis of the intersections between Psychology and sexualities that deviate from the norm in Brazil, from the late 19th century to the mid-1980s. This period was chosen because it encompasses the emergence of scientific research on sexuality and sexual deviations, the consolidation of psychological studies on the subject and the most recent process of de-pathologization of homosexuality. Theoretically and methodologically, the assumptions of the Social History of Psychology and the historiography of homosexualities in Brazil were adopted. Therefore, we sought to understand how psychological ideas, conceptions and practices have changed over time, in connection with the sociocultural and political transformations that occurred throughout the 20th century. For this, primary and secondary sources of research were used to produce interpretations about the connections between the ideas, the actors and the narrated events. It is argued, throughout the article, that the psychological ideas and practices are intrinsically connected to the sociocultural and political contexts of their time, being the dynamic movements and conflicts present in these contexts determining factors for their constitution.(AU)
Este artículo tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis histórico de las intersecciones entre la Psicología y las sexualidades desviadas de la norma en Brasil desde finales del siglo XIX hasta mediados de la década de 1980. Esta temporalidad fue elegida por abarcar el surgimiento de las investigaciones científicas sobre sexualidad y desvíos sexuales, la consolidación de los estudios psicológicos sobre el tema y el más reciente proceso de despatologización de la homosexualidad. En el marco teórico y metodológico, se adoptaron los presupuestos de la Historia Social de la Psicología y de la historiografía de las homosexualidades en Brasil. De esta manera, se pretende comprender cómo las ideas, concepciones y prácticas psicológicas han cambiado a lo largo del tiempo, en conexión con las transformaciones socioculturales y políticas ocurridas durante el siglo XX. Para ello, se utilizaron las fuentes de investigación primarias y secundarias con miras a generar interpretaciones sobre las conexiones entre las ideas, los actores y los eventos narrados. Se argumenta, a lo largo de este artículo, que las ideas y las prácticas psicológicas están intrínsecamente conectadas a los contextos socioculturales y políticos de su tiempo, y los movimientos dinámicos y los conflictos presentes en estos contextos fueron los factores determinantes para su constitución.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Brazil , Homosexuality , Sexuality , History , Orgasm , Paraphilic Disorders , Pathology , Pedophilia , Personality Development , Personality Disorders , Pleasure-Pain Principle , Psychology , Psychosexual Development , Public Policy , Rationalization , Religion and Sex , Repression, Psychology , Sadism , Sex , Sexual Behavior , Disorders of Sex Development , Sex Offenses , Social Control, Formal , Social Environment , Societies , Avoidance Learning , Sublimation, Psychological , Taboo , Therapeutics , Transvestism , Unconscious, Psychology , Voyeurism , Behavior Therapy , Child Abuse, Sexual , Attitude , Homeopathic Cure , Character , Christianity , Mental Competency , Sexual Harassment , Coitus , Human Body , Homosexuality, Female , Conflict, Psychological , Community Participation , Cultural Diversity , Feminism , Heterosexuality , Neurobehavioral Manifestations , Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological , Crime , Cultural Characteristics , Culture , Safe Sex , Mind-Body Therapies , Defense Mechanisms , Dehumanization , Human Characteristics , Intention , Moral Development , Emotions , Health Research Agenda , Discussion Forums , Population Studies in Public Health , Eugenics , Exhibitionism , Pleasure , Fetishism, Psychiatric , Sexual Health , Homophobia , Racism , Social Marginalization , Medicalization , Transgender Persons , Moral Status , Sexual and Gender Minorities , Political Activism , Gender Diversity , Asexuality , Undisclosed Sexuality , Sexuality Disclosure , Gender Norms , Gender Blind , Androcentrism , Freedom , Freudian Theory , Respect , Gender Identity , Sexual Trauma , Workhouses , Psychosocial Functioning , Gender Role , Intersectional Framework , Family Structure , Health Promotion , Human Development , Human Rights , Identification, Psychological , Anatomy , Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders , Incest , Instinct , Introversion, Psychological , Libido , Masochism , Masturbation , Mental Disorders , Methods , Morale , Morals , Neurotic DisordersABSTRACT
As identidades transmasculinas ganharam visibilidade social e acadêmica no Brasil a partir de 2010, contudo, as questões subjetivas dos homens trans ainda são pouco debatidas, em particular temas associados aos relacionamentos afetivos na experiência desses sujeitos. Este estudo qualitativo tem por objetivo identificar as percepções e expectativas dos homens trans acerca dos relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais no cenário pós-transição de gênero. Participaram da pesquisa 15 homens transexuais hormonizados, com idades entre 20 e 41 anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada nas modalidades presencial e on-line. Empregou-se análise temática reflexiva, que resultou em dois temas analíticos. Os resultados apontam que os homens trans, ao contrário de suas expectativas iniciais, percebem que tiveram menos oportunidades de relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais depois de sua transição de gênero. Os participantes atribuem essa dificuldade especialmente ao fato de não terem se submetido à cirurgia de redesignação sexual. O desconforto é acentuado por sua materialidade corpórea divergente da cisnormatividade, sistema regulador que associa pessoas pertencentes ao gênero masculino à presença de um pênis. Outra fonte de desconforto é o repúdio social, que alimenta a abjeção, exotização e fetichização dos corpos transmasculinos. Também são descritas as especificidades do relacionamento dos homens trans com mulheres cisgênero, heterossexuais e lésbicas. Os resultados evidenciam que a fixação persistente no genital, como referente e signo determinante do gênero e da sexualidade, modula e regula a busca e o encontro de parceira(o) íntima(o).(AU)
Transmasculine identities have gained social and academic visibility in Brazil since 2010, but subjective issues, especially those associated with affective relationships, are still little discussed. This qualitative study sought to identify trans men's perceptions and expectations regarding post-transition affective-sexual relationships. A total of 15 transsexual men undergoing hormone therapy, aged between 20 and 41 years, participated in the research. Data were collected by means of in-person and online semi-structured interviews and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, which resulted in two analytical themes. Results show that trans men, differently from their initial expectations, perceive fewer opportunities for affective-sexual relationships after their gender transition. The participants attribute this difficulty, especially, to the fact that they have not undergone sexual reassignment surgery. Discomfort isaccentuated by their bodily materiality diverging from cisnormativity, the regulatory system that associates people belonging to the male gender with the presence of a penis. Another source of discomfort is the social repudiation, which reinforces the abjection, exoticization, and fetishization of transmasculine bodies. The specifics of trans men's relationships with cisgender, heterosexual, and lesbian women are also described. The results show that the persistent fixation on the genital, as a referent and determinant sign of gender and sexuality, modulates and regulates the search for and encounter of intimate partners.(AU)
Las identidades transmasculinas han ganado visibilidad social y académica en Brasil desde 2010, sin embargo, las cuestiones subjetivas de los hombres trans son aún poco discutidas, en particular las cuestiones asociadas a las relaciones afectivas en la experiencia de estos sujetos. Este estudio cualitativo tiene como objetivo identificar las percepciones y expectativas de los hombres trans sobre las relaciones afectivo-sexuales después de la transición de género. Participaron en la investigación 15 hombres transexuales hormonados, de edades comprendidas entre los 20 y los 41 años. La recopilación de datos se realizó mediante una entrevista semiestructurada en las modalidades presencial y en línea. Se realizó un análisis temático reflexivo, que dio como resultado dos temas analíticos. Los resultados muestran que los hombres trans, al contrario de sus expectativas iniciales, perciben que han tenido menos oportunidades de relaciones afectivo-sexuales después de su transición de género. Los participantes atribuyen esta dificultad especialmente al hecho de no haberse sometido a cirugía de reasignación sexual. La incomodidad se acentúa por su materialidad corpórea divergente de la cisnormatividad, un sistema normativo según el cual las personas pertenecientes al género masculino deben tener pene. Otra fuente de malestar es el repudio social, que alimenta la abyección, la exotización y la fetichización de los cuerpos transmasculinos. También se describen las especificidades de las relaciones de los hombres trans con las mujeres heterosexuales, cisgénero y lesbianas. Los resultados muestran que la persistente fijación en los genitales, como referente y signo determinante del género y la sexualidad, modula y regula la búsqueda y el encuentro de parejas íntimas.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Young Adult , Transsexualism , Marriage , Spouses , Transgender Persons , Gender Identity , Personality Development , Prejudice , Psychology , Psychology, Social , Psychosexual Development , Self Care , Self Concept , Sexual Behavior , Gonadal Steroid Hormones , Single Person , Social Identification , Social Problems , Sociology , Voice , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Body Image , Bisexuality , Family , Homosexuality , Mental Health , Surveys and Questionnaires , Civil Rights , Mammaplasty , Marital Status , Interview , Coitus , Homosexuality, Female , Affect , Access to Information , Delivery of Health Care , Ego , Erotica , Gender and Health , User Embracement , Reproductive Physiological Phenomena , Masculinity , Reproductive Health , Sexual Health , Homophobia , Pessimism , Gender Dysphoria , Gender-Based Violence , Political Activism , Gender Diversity , Monosexuality , Cisgender Persons , Gender Binarism , Gender Stereotyping , Gender Performativity , Gender-Specific Needs , Burnout, Psychological , Sadness , Respect , Body Dissatisfaction , Psychological Distress , Intersex Persons , Social Comparison , Social Inclusion , Gender Equity , Gender Role , Health Disparate Minority and Vulnerable Populations , Health Policy , Human Rights , Identification, Psychological , Identity Crisis , Individuation , Introversion, PsychologicalABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: to analyze the presence of common personality traits and anxiety states in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). PATIENTS AND METHOD: Longitudinal, prospecti ve, and analytical study by applying the questionnaires Children's Personality Questionnaire, High School Personality Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, and State-Trait Anxie ty Inventory for patients with IBD aged between 9 and 18 years seen at reference IBD units in Ara gon, Spain. The participants excluded were those with active disease, defined as a score > 10 on the Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (PCDAI Score) or > 10 on the Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI Score). RESULTS: Twenty-six patients participated (73% male). 61.5% pre sented Crohn's disease (CD) and 38.5% ulcerative colitis (UC). No patient presented active disease. The personality profile as a group was characterized by being open, emotionally stable, calm, sober, sensible, enterprising, impressionable, dependent, serene, perfectionist, and relaxed. 50% of the CD patients were enterprising versus no UC patients (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant di fferences when comparing the remaining personality factors based on IBD type, age, or sex. Patients with CD tended to be calmer (p = 0.0511) and patients with UC more introverted (p = 0.0549). The sample presented a state anxiety level (A/E) -1.1 ± 0.8 SD compared with the population average. The level of anxiety as a feature (A/R) was -0.6 ± 1 SD. Males had significantly lower levels than females in the case of A/E (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of common personality traits in the pediatric population with IBD stands out but there was no greater anxiety than in the reference population.
Subject(s)
Anxiety/diagnosis , Colitis, Ulcerative/psychology , Crohn Disease/psychology , Personality Assessment , Adolescent , Child , Extraversion, Psychological , Female , Humans , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/psychology , Introversion, Psychological , Male , Prospective Studies , Socioeconomic Factors , Spain , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
O temperamento de aproximação ou abordagem caracteriza-se como uma sensibilidade neurobiológica geral a estímulos positivos desejáveis, enquanto o temperamento de evitação ou evasão é instigado por eventos negativos indesejáveis. O presente trabalho reúne evidências iniciais de validade de estrutura interna e de relações com variáveis externas do Questionário de Temperamento de Aproximação-Evitação (ATQ) em trabalhadores brasileiros. Participaram do estudo 453 trabalhadores de ambos os sexos (79,2% do sexo feminino). As análises fatoriais confirmatórias indicaram que o modelo ajustado de dois fatores não correlacionados foi o que obteve os melhores índices de ajuste. Na relação com variáveis externas, as dimensões de aproximação e evitação apresentaram, respectivamente, correlações positivas baixas e correlações negativas baixas a moderadas, com o engajamento no trabalho, a adaptabilidade à carreira e o desempenho de papéis no trabalho. As evidências iniciais de validade obtidas recomendam o uso do ATQ em pesquisas futuras realizadas no contexto organizacional brasileiro.
Approach temperament is characterized as a general neurobiological sensitivity to desirable positive stimuli, while the avoidance temperament is instigated by undesirable negative events. The study gathered initial evidence of validity of internal structure and relations with external variables of the Approach-Avoidance Temperament Questionnaire (ATQ) in Brazilian workers. In total, 453 workers of both gender (79.2% female) participated in the study. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the adjusted model of two uncorrelated factors was the one that obtained the best adjustment indices. In relation to external variables, the dimensions of approach and avoidance presented, respectively, low positive correlations and low to moderate negative correlations, with work engagement, career adaptability and role performance at work. The initial evidence of validity obtained recommends the use of the ATQ in future research carried out in the Brazilian organizational context.
El temperamento de aproximación o enfoque se caracteriza como una sensibilidad neurobiológica general a estímulos positivos deseables, mientras que el temperamento de evitación o evasión es instigado por eventos negativos indeseables. El estudio reunió evidencias iniciales de validez de estructura interna y de relaciones con variables externas del Cuestionario de Temperamento de Aproximación-Evitación (ATQ) en trabajadores brasileños. Participaron del estudio 453 trabajadores de ambos sexos (79,2% del sexo femenino). Las análisis factoriales confirmatorios indicaron que el modelo ajustado de dos factores no correlacionados fue el que obtuvo los mejores índices de ajuste. En la relación con variables externas, las dimensiones de aproximación y evitación presentaron, respectivamente, correlaciones positivas bajas y correlaciones negativas bajas a moderadas, con el compromiso en el trabajo, la adaptabilidad a la carrera y el desempeño de papeles en el trabajo. Las evidencias iniciales de validez obtenidas recomiendan el uso del ATQ en investigaciones futuras realizadas en el contexto organizacional brasileño.
Subject(s)
Temperament , /psychology , Psychometrics , Extraversion, Psychological , Introversion, PsychologicalABSTRACT
Resumo: O presente artigo objetiva analisar a matriz metapsicológica do silêncio a partir das contribuições teóricas de Karl Abraham e Robert Fliess. Para Abraham, o silêncio é compreendido a partir dos conceitos de erotismo oral, uretral, genital e anal e da influência da libido e das zonas erógenas no desenvolvimento da personalidade e do caráter. Para Robert Fliess, o silêncio é entendido a partir do aparelho da linguagem descrito como uma descarga pulsional regressiva erótica, correspondendo assim a três formas particulares de fechamento esfincterianos: o silêncio erótico-uretral, o silêncio erótico-anal e o silêncio erótico-oral.
Abstract: This article aims to analyze the metapsychological matrix of silence from the theoretical contributions of Karl Abraham and Robert Fliess. To Abraham, silence is understood from the concepts of oral, urethral, genital and anal eroticism and the influence of libido and erogenous zones in the development of personality and character. To Robert Fliess, silence is understood from the language apparatus described as a regressive erotic instinctual discharge, thus corresponding to three particular forms of sphincter closure: the erotic-urethral silence, the erotic-anal silence and erotic oral silence.
Subject(s)
Psychoanalysis , Sexuality , Introversion, PsychologicalABSTRACT
A Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa (ACP), fundada por Carl Rogers, só pode ser justificada a partir de uma ética e não como aplicação de técnicas e conhecimentos. Entretanto, a ACP, a princípio, negligencia a alteridade radical postulada por Lévinas. Este Outro não é figura tão cara às psicologias como aparenta ser. O Outro levinasiano precede e transcende ao Eu, não sendo totalizável nem inteiramente compreensível, ele apresenta a dimensão do estranho na experiência psicológica. Peter Schmid, no entanto, concebe a ética como primeira questão a ser pensada quando se trata da ACP, quer de sua teoria, quer de sua prática e estabelece um profícuo diálogo com a filosofia levinasiana. Este trabalho apresenta as contribuições de Peter Schmid à Psicologia rogeriana. Concluiu-se que, ao fazer releituras dos principais conceitos da ACP, Schmid apresenta uma nova forma de lidar com a alteridade no arcabouço da ACP.
The Person Centered Approach (PCA), founded by Carl Rogers, can only be justified by ethics and not as an application of skills and knowledge. However, PCA, at first, neglects the radical alterity postulated by Lévinas. This Other is not an expressive figure to psychologies as seems to be. The Levinasian Other is precedent and transcendent to the I; not being possible to totalize and understand it fully; it shows the dimension of the strange in the psychological experience. On the other hand, Peter Schmid conceives that ethics is the first issue to be considered when it comes to PCA, either its theory or its practice; establishes a fruitful dialogue with the Levinasian philosophy. This paper presents the contributions of Peter Schmid to the Rogerian psychology. It was found that Schmid shows a new way of dealing with the alterity within the framework of the Rogerian approach.
El abordaje centrado en la persona (ACP), fundado por Carl Rogers, solo puede ser justificado a partir de una ética y no como aplicación de técnicas y conocimientos. Sin embargo, la ACP abandona, en principio, a la alteridad radical postulada por Lévinas. Este Otro no es una figura tan cara a las psicologías como aparenta ser. El Otro levinasiano precede y trasciende al yo, no siendo totalizable ni enteramente comprensible; él, representa la dimensión de lo extraño en la experiencia psicológica. Por otro lado, Peter Schmid, concibe a la ética como primera cuestión a ser pensada cuando se trata del ACP, tanto con su teoría como con su práctica, estableciendo un fructífero diálogo con la filosofía levinasiana. Este trabajo presenta las contribuciones de Peter Schimid a la Psicologia Rogeriana. Se concluye que, al hacer relecturas de los principales conceptos del ACP, Schmid presenta una nueva forma de relacionarse con la alteridad en las bases teóricas fundamentales del ACP.
Subject(s)
Introversion, Psychological , Person-Centered Psychotherapy/ethicsABSTRACT
Conhecer as capacidades e limitações das pessoas é essencial para otimizar seu desempenho acadêmico e profissional. Desta maneira, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo explorar os traços de personalidade de estudantes de ensino superior de Educação Física na cidade de São Paulo, por meio do Questionário de Personalidade de Eysenck (EPQ), que avalia os fatores Extroversão/Introversão, Neuroticismo e Psicoticismo, além de perguntas relativas ao controle do falseamento das respostas (Lie Scale). Os resultados apontam níveis de Extroversão e Neuroticismo elevados neste grupo quando comparados com outras pesquisas e verificou-se uma correlação significativa e negativa entre estes mesmos fatores. Em relação às diferenças entre gêneros, observou-se que o fator Neuroticismo apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significativas indicando médias mais elevadas para o sexo feminino. Os traços de personalidade Extroversão e Neuroticismo, sob a perspectiva do modelo de Eysenck, podem ser considerados como construtos importantes para a carreira na área da Educação Física e Esporte.
The knowledge of the capabilities and limitations of people is essential to optimize your academic and professional performance. Thus, this study aimed to explore the personality traits of university students in Physical Education and Sport of public and private institutions in the city of São Paulo, by means of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), which evaluates factors Extraversion/Introversion, Neuroticism and Psychoticism, and questions relating to the control of falsification of responses (Lie Scale). The results show levels of Extraversion and Neuroticism higher in this group compared with other studies and there was a significant negative correlation between these same factors. Regarding gender differences, we found that the factor Neuroticism showed statistically significant differences indicating higher average for females. The personality traits Extraversion andNeuroticism, from the perspective of the Eysenck model, can be considered as important constructs for careers in the field of Physical Education and Sport.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Universities , Educational Measurement , Extraversion, Psychological , Faculty , Introversion, Psychological , Sports , Interpersonal Relations , Physical Education and Training , TemperamentABSTRACT
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar una medición de lateralidad en una muestra de individuos de la región de Cuyo, Argentina, analizando las asociaciones entre lateralidad (diestros-zurdos) y variables de personalidad (control-neuroticismo; introversión-extroversión). Se conformó una muestra no aleatoria de 197 individuos (100 sujetos de sexo femenino y 97 de sexo masculino), con un rango de edad entre 18 y 55 años (M= 28,14; DE= 9,77). Se aplicaron los siguientes instrumentos: 1. Cuestionario de Lateralidad (Portellano-Pérez, 2003); 2. Prueba de tachado de cuadros (Portellano-Pérez, inédito); 3. Cuestionario de Personalidad (Eysenck ,1975), estandarizado en población argentina por Omar (1988). En las mujeres, mayores niveles de ansiedad (neuroticismo) no estuvieron asociados a predominio de lateralidad zurda. Tampoco se observó en éstas que mayores valores en introversión estuvieran correlacionados positivamente con lateralidad zurda. Los individuos de ambos sexos con puntajes extremos en lateralidad diestra o zurda no presentaron mayores puntajes en la variable neuroticismo. No se encontró relación significativa alguna entre lateralidad y rasgos de personalidad. Los trabajos existentes hasta el momento presentan resultados divergentes y difícilmente equiparables. Esta discrepancia radica tal vez en el hecho de que la lateralidad en la mayoría de los estudios ha recibido un abordaje unidimensional y las dimensiones de la personalidad han sido exploradas sólo con el análisis de respuestas verbales basadas en autoinformes.
The aim of this study was to perform a measurement of handedness in a sample of individual in Cuyo Region Argentine analyzing the associations between laterality (rights and lefts) and personality´s variables (control-neuroticism; introversion-extroversion). A sample no aleatory of 197 subjects (woman 100 and man 97) with a age ranged between 18 and 55 (M=28,14; DS= 9,77). The following instruments were applied: Laterality Scale (Portellano-Pérez, 2003); Cross Out of Squares Test (Portellano-Pérez, ined-ited); Personality Scale (Eysenck, 1975; standarized for Omar in Argentine population, 1988). A greater anxiety level (neuroticism) was not associated to left laterality predominance. Neither was observed in these that greater scores introversion were positively associated with left laterality. Individuals of both sexes with high values in right or left laterality were not presented greater scores in the neuroticism variable. No one significant relation was found between handedness and personality traits. Studies on this thematic have divergent results and are difficult to compare. This discrepancy perhaps lies in the fact that the handedness - in most studies - received a one-dimensional approach and dimensions of personality have been explored only with the analysis of verbal responses based on self-reports.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Functional Laterality/physiology , Personality , Psychomotor Performance , Argentina , Extraversion, Psychological , Introversion, Psychological , Neurotic Disorders , Psychometrics , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of personality on Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) in athletes. The sample included 25 Brazilian athletes, between 18 and 49 years of age. A diary of PMS symptoms was used (based on the criteria from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist, ACOG, 2000) and the Factorial Personality Inventory (Pasquali, Azevedo, & Ghesti, 1997). The Fisher exact test was used for data analysis, with p < .05. The athletes with PMS showed a strong need for performance, low need for assistance and introversión and very low need for change, while athletes without PMS demonstrated a very strong need for denial and strong needs for assistance, dominance, and persistence. There was a significant association between low denial (not submitting passively to external forces) and PMS (p < .05). It was concluded that certain personality traits may predispose athletes to react more intensely to needs and pressures produced by changes caused by the menstrual cycle, contributing to the onset of PMS.
Subject(s)
Athletes/psychology , Character , Premenstrual Syndrome/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Brazil , Exercise/psychology , Female , Humans , Individuality , Internal-External Control , Introversion, Psychological , Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data , Physical Education and Training , Premenstrual Syndrome/diagnosis , Psychometrics/statistics & numerical data , Reproducibility of Results , Young AdultABSTRACT
Em muitas grandes civilizações existiram pessoas que possuíam um entendimento especial sobre si mesmas e seu papel na sociedade em que viviam. Elas cultivavam um relacionamento espiritual e intelectual especial com qualquer divindade que adoravam ou com o mundo onde viviam. No Ocidente, esta relação especial transformou-se no individualismo moderno. Este carrega inúmeras facetas que precisam ser reconhecidas como parte fundamental da Modernidade que, por sua vez, não é um fenômeno pronto e acabado, mas está constantemente se transformando, o que pode ser fonte de conflitos e sofrimento para pessoas incapazes de acompanhar essas mudanças, principalmente no mundo contemporâneo, marcado pela compressão espaço-temporal, pela superexposição de informações e pela obsolescência programada do mercado de consumo. Para combater esta situação novas formas de mediação entre sujeito e sociedade são criadas: as redes de especialistas, dedicados à adaptação do sujeito à nova sociedade pós-moderna. (AU)
On many great civilizations there were people with had a special understanding about themselves and their roll on the society they lived. They grow a spiritual and intellectual relationship with the gods the worship and their world. In the West this especial relationship become the modern individualism. And it carries many facets that needs recognition as a fundamental part of the Modernity. The Modernity it is not a finish phenomenon but its in constant self-transformation. What maybe a source of conflict and suffering for those incapable of constantly follow those changes, especially in a world on time-space contraction with a display highly increase information and a program obsolescence by consumerism. To fight this situation new forms of mediation between individual and society are made: the specialist network, dedicate to help the adaptation of the individual to the new pos-modern society. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Individuation , Social Control, Formal , Culture , Ego , Introversion, PsychologicalABSTRACT
Inserido no campo de estudos da psicologia da arte, este artigo pretende explorar a complexidade envolvida no estudo do pintor holandês Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890), dada a extensa produção sobre o fenômeno em que se transformou e a diversidade de perspectivas pelas quais é abordado. Partindo da indagação: quem foi Van Gogh?, algumas visões do artista foram apresentadas, revelando o imaginário constituído em torno desta figura. Posteriormente, estas imagens dialogaram com a auto-imagem do pintor, delineada a partir do estudo de sua correspondência. A auto-imagem de Van Gogh emerge da articulação dos aspectos que, nas diferentes visões apresentadas, aparecem isoladamente: sua pessoalidade, a arte e a loucura
Inserted in the field of studies of psychology of art, this paper intends to explore the complexity involved in the study of dutch painter Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890). This difficult is due to the extensive production about the phenomenon he has become, as well as to the diversity of perspectives from which he is discussed. Beginning with the question: who was Van Gogh?, some views of the artist had been presented, disclosing the imaginary around this figure. Then, these images were thought in regard to the self image of the painter, delineated from study of his correspondence. The self image of Van Gogh emerges from the articulation of three aspects which had appearead separately in the previous presentation: his personality, art and madness.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Paint/history , Paintings/psychology , Self Concept , Self Psychology , Introversion, Psychological , Mental Disorders/psychologyABSTRACT
Inserido no campo de estudos da psicologia da arte, este artigo pretende explorar a complexidade envolvida no estudo do pintor holandês Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890), dada a extensa produção sobre o fenômeno em que se transformou e a diversidade de perspectivas pelas quais é abordado. Partindo da indagação: quem foi Van Gogh?, algumas visões do artista foram apresentadas, revelando o imaginário constituído em torno desta figura. Posteriormente, estas imagens dialogaram com a auto-imagem do pintor, delineada a partir do estudo de sua correspondência. A auto-imagem de Van Gogh emerge da articulação dos aspectos que, nas diferentes visões apresentadas, aparecem isoladamente: sua pessoalidade, a arte e a loucura
Inserted in the field of studies of psychology of art, this paper intends to explore the complexity involved in the study of dutch painter Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890). This difficult is due to the extensive production about the phenomenon he has become, as well as to the diversity of perspectives from which he is discussed. Beginning with the question: who was Van Gogh?, some views of the artist had been presented, disclosing the imaginary around this figure. Then, these images were thought in regard to the self image of the painter, delineated from study of his correspondence. The self image of Van Gogh emerges from the articulation of three aspects which had appearead separately in the previous presentation: his personality, art and madness. (AU)
Subject(s)
Self Concept , Adaptation, Psychological , Self Psychology , Paint/history , Paintings/psychology , Introversion, Psychological , Mental Disorders/psychologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The degree of difficulty we experience while learning different concepts and skills depends, among other things, on our psychological features and learning style. This may be particularly true for medical students, whose formation involves the acquisition of multiple cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills. AIM: To assess whether the psychological features and learning styles of medical students are associated with their academic performance. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The psychological preferences and learning styles of 66 students of the 2001-graduating cohort were determined with the Myers Briggs Type Inventory (MBTI) and the Kolb Learning Style Inventory (LSI), respectively. The academic performance was assessed by the Calificación Médica Nacional (CMN), Chile and by the marks obtained during the Basic (1st to 3rd), Preclinical (4th and 5th) and Clinical (6th and 7th) years of undergraduate training. RESULTS: The psychological features, together with the sex of students were found to be associated with the performance in the Preclinical and Clinical years, and to the CMN. In men, the interest and ability to communicate with people and the concern for harmony, and in women the tendency to function in a systematic and orderly way are the features associated to high academic performance. No associations were found between learning styles and academic performance. CONCLUSIONS: The finding that the psychological preferences of medical students are relevent to their academic performance opens a new perspective to analyze the medical education and to design programs aimed at improving learning.
Subject(s)
Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards , Educational Measurement , Learning , Students, Medical/psychology , Adult , Chile , Extraversion, Psychological , Female , Humans , Introversion, Psychological , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Retrospective Studies , Sex Factors , Statistics as TopicABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The degree of difficulty we experience while learning different concepts and skills depends, among other things, on our psychological features and learning style. This may be particularly true for medical students, whose formation involves the acquisition of multiple cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills. AIM: To assess whether the psychological features and learning styles of medical students are associated with their academic performance. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The psychological preferences and learning styles of 66 students of the 2001-graduating cohort were determined with the Myers Briggs Type Inventory (MBTI) and the Kolb Learning Style Inventory (LSI), respectively. The academic performance was assessed by the Calificación Médica Nacional (CMN), Chile and by the marks obtained during the Basic (1st to 3rd), Preclinical (4th and 5th) and Clinical (6th and 7th) years of undergraduate training. RESULTS: The psychological features, together with the sex of students were found to be associated with the performance in the Preclinical and Clinical years, and to the CMN. In men, the interest and ability to communicate with people and the concern for harmony, and in women the tendency to function in a systematic and orderly way are the features associated to high academic performance. No associations were found between learning styles and academic performance. CONCLUSIONS: The finding that the psychological preferences of medical students are relevent to their academic performance opens a new perspective to analyze the medical education and to design programs aimed at improving learning.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Adult , Male , Education, Medical, Undergraduate , Learning , Educational Measurement , Students, Medical/psychology , Extraversion, Psychological , Chile , Statistics , Longitudinal Studies , Retrospective Studies , Sex Factors , Introversion, PsychologicalABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Psychological type and learning style influence the way students perceive and process information. However, research in medical education in Chile still does not put enough emphasis in the study of these variables. AIM: To characterize the psychological types and learning styles of the students admitted to a Medical School. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and the Kolb's Learning Styles Inventory (IEA) were administered to the 270 students admitted from 2000 to 2002 to the medical school of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. RESULTS: Fifty five percent of our students are concentrated in 4 of the 16 psychological types described. These students are characterized by the ability to base their decisions upon logical and objective reasoning (Thinking [T]) and to face life in a structured and decided way (Judging [J]). Only 10% of the students have preferences opposite to T and J. These students base their decisions on the preservation of harmony and teamwork (Feeling [F]) and have a flexible attitude towards life (Perceiving [P]). The remaining 35% have types with pairs of preferences TP and FJ. With regard to learning styles, more than two thirds of our students are Assimilators or Convergers. These learners tend to assimilate large amounts of information and abstract the main concepts, rather than to pay attention to concrete details. In general, our students are more reflective than active; they evaluate thoroughly all alternatives before making a decision. CONCLUSIONS: The psychological types and learning styles of medical students cluster around specific patterns whose features may either favor or hamper a specific learning. Knowledge of the differences in psychological types and learning styles of students may provide teachers with a new and valuable tool for improving learning and contributing to the academic success of students.
Subject(s)
Education, Medical, Undergraduate , Learning , Students, Medical/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Chile , Extraversion, Psychological , Female , Humans , Introversion, Psychological , MaleABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Psychological type and learning style influence the way students perceive and process information. However, research in medical education in Chile still does not put enough emphasis in the study of these variables. AIM: To characterize the psychological types and learning styles of the students admitted to a Medical School. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and the Kolb's Learning Styles Inventory (IEA) were administered to the 270 students admitted from 2000 to 2002 to the medical school of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. RESULTS: Fifty five percent of our students are concentrated in 4 of the 16 psychological types described. These students are characterized by the ability to base their decisions upon logical and objective reasoning (Thinking [T]) and to face life in a structured and decided way (Judging [J]). Only 10 per cent of the students have preferences opposite to T and J. These students base their decisions on the preservation of harmony and teamwork (Feeling [F]) and have a flexible attitude towards life (Perceiving [P]). The remaining 35 per cent have types with pairs of preferences TP and FJ. With regard to learning styles, more than two thirds of our students are Assimilators or Convergers. These learners tend to assimilate large amounts of information and abstract the main concepts, rather than to pay attention to concrete details. In general, our students are more reflective than active; they evaluate thoroughly all alternatives before making a decision. CONCLUSIONS: The psychological types and learning styles of medical students cluster around specific patterns whose features may either favor or hamper a specific learning. Knowledge of the differences in psychological types and learning styles of students may provide teachers with a new and valuable tool for improving learning and contributing to the academic success of students.