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1.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 82: e0052, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1521787

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Waardenburg syndrome is a rare congenital genetic disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and pigmentary abnormalities of the hair, skin, and eyes. Based on the different clinical presentations, it is divided into four subtypes as in WS1 to WS4. This report describes a 15-year-old boy who presented with low vision and bilateral hearing loss. His visual acuity was 20/200 in both eyes. Slit-lamp examination revealed complete iris heterochromia, with one blue iris and one brown iris. Fundus examination showed symmetrical pigmentation of the retina and choroid, with atrophy of the pigment epithelium in the macular region, notably also in the eye with normal iris pigment illustrating the broad spectrum of the iris and fundus pigmentation as part of this syndrome. A carefully clinical and ophthalmological evaluation should be done to differentiate various types of Waardenburg syndrome and other associated auditory-pigmentary syndrome. Early diagnosis in some cases may be crucial for the adequate development of patients affected with this condition.


RESUMO A síndrome de Waardenburg é uma doença genética congênita rara caracterizada por perda auditiva neurossensorial e anormalidades pigmentares do cabelo, da pele e dos olhos. Com base nas diferentes apresentações clínicas, é dividida em quatro subtipos (WS1 a WS4). Este relato descreve o caso de um menino de 15 anos que apresentava baixa visão e perda auditiva bilateral. Sua acuidade visual era de 20/200 em ambos os olhos. O exame em lâmpada de fenda revelou heterocromia completa da íris, com uma íris azul e uma íris marrom. A fundoscopia mostrou pigmentação simétrica da retina e coroide, com atrofia do epitélio pigmentar na região macular, notadamente também no olho com pigmento de íris normal, ilustrando o amplo espectro de pigmentação de íris e fundo como parte dessa síndrome. Uma avaliação clínica e oftalmológica criteriosa deve ser feita para diferenciar os vários tipos de síndrome de Waardenburg e outras síndromes auditivo-pigmentares associadas. O diagnóstico precoce em alguns casos pode ser crucial para o desenvolvimento adequado dos pacientes acometidos por essa condição.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Pigmentation Disorders/diagnosis , Retinal Diseases/diagnosis , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Waardenburg Syndrome/complications , Iris Diseases/diagnosis , Iris Diseases/etiology , Pigmentation Disorders/etiology , Waardenburg Syndrome/diagnosis , Visual Acuity , Slit Lamp Microscopy , Fundus Oculi , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/etiology
2.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 80(6): e0050, 2021. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1351860

ABSTRACT

RESUMO A íris é responsável pela cor dos olhos. Ela ainda realiza o controle da quantidade de luz que penetra no olho pela pupila. Variações nos genes de cada indivíduo, além da quantidade e da qualidade de melanina na íris, determinam a cor dos olhos. A heterocromia é caracterizada por diferenças na coloração da íris de um mesmo indivíduo, sendo, na maioria das vezes, benigna. Existem basicamente três tipos de heterocromia de íris: central, setorial e completa. A heterocromia de íris pode ter como causa alterações genéticas e congênitas, relacionadas ou não a síndromes específicas, como a de Sturge-Weber, a de Waardenburg, a de Parry-Romberg e a de Horner congênita. Há também causas adquiridas, como doenças ou lesões, trauma ocular e corpos estranhos intraoculares, uso de certas medicações tópicas, siderose ocular, irites ou uveítes como a síndrome uveítica de Fuchs, dentre outras. Diante de um paciente com heterocromia de íris, deve-se entender o contexto e o curso clínico desse sinal, pois pode se tratar de uma alteração de pigmentação benigna ou existir uma doença base em curso, que requer terapêutica específica. Este artigo de revisão de literatura visa abordar as principais etiologias relacionadas à heterocromia de íris, além de discorrer sobre a anatomia e a fisiologia da coloração iridiana e sobre a fisiopatologia de suas possíveis alterações.


ABSTRACT The iris is responsible for eye color and controls the amount of light that enters the eye through the pupil. Variation in each individual's genes, besides the quantity and quality of melanin in the iris, determine eye color. Heterochromia is characterized by different colors of irises in the same individual, and it is benign in most cases. There are basically three types of heterochromia: central, partial and complete. Heterochromia can be caused by genetic and congenital alterations, which may or may not be related to specific conditions, such as Sturge-Weber syndrome, Waardenburg syndrome, Parry-Romberg syndrome and congenital Horner syndrome. It may be associated to acquired causes like diseases or injuries, such as eye trauma and intraocular foreign bodies, use of some topical medications, ocular siderosis, iritis or uveitis, such as Fuchs´ uveitis, among others. When assessing a patient with heterochromia, one must understand the context and clinical course of this signal, since it may be a benign pigmentation disorder or there may be an underlying disease, which requires specific therapy. This literature review article was set out to address the main etiologies related to heterochromia, in addition to describing the anatomy and physiology of the iris color and the pathophysiology of possible alterations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pigment Epithelium of Eye/abnormalities , Pigmentation Disorders/etiology , Iris Diseases/etiology , Pigmentation Disorders/genetics , Prostaglandins F, Synthetic/adverse effects , Waardenburg Syndrome/complications , Eye Color , Sturge-Weber Syndrome/complications , Iridocyclitis/complications , Eye Foreign Bodies/complications , Horner Syndrome/complications , Iris/abnormalities , Nevus of Ota/complications , Iris Diseases/genetics , Melanoma/complications
3.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 77(6): 353-355, nov.-dez. 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-985309

ABSTRACT

Abstract Herein we report a case of juvenile xantogranuloma, an inflammatory disease more commonly diagnosed during childhood and is characterized by cutaneous and ocular manifestations. Iris is the main target, presenting as local or diffuse yellowish lesions. Iris involvement may precipitate not only glaucoma but also amblyopia. Treatment is based on corticosteroids therapy, either local or systemic aiming disease control.


Resumo É relatado um caso raro de xantogranuloma juvenil, doença de natureza inflamatória diagnosticada mais frequentemente na infância, com manifestações cutâneas e oculares. A íris é o principal sítio extracutâneo da doença, apresentando-se como lesão amarelada, difusa ou localizada. O acometimento iriano pode acarretar surgimento de glaucoma, além de ambliopia. O manejo clínico da lesão ocular no presente caso foi baseado no necessidade no uso contínuo de corticoide tópico e sistêmico para estabilização da doença.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile/complications , Iris Diseases/etiology , Iris Diseases/drug therapy , Iris Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Ophthalmoscopy , Scalp/pathology , Scalp Dermatoses/etiology , Dexamethasone/administration & dosage , Hyphema , Prednisolone/administration & dosage , Glaucoma , Ultrasonography , Facial Dermatoses/etiology , Slit Lamp Microscopy , Fundus Oculi
4.
Cornea ; 36(1): 113-115, 2017 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27490053

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To report a case of bilateral Urrets-Zavalia syndrome (UZS) after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK). METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 61-year-old patient with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy initially developed UZS in the left eye after DSAEK. Thirteen months later, she underwent combined cataract surgery and DSAEK in the right eye, and postoperatively she was noted to have elevated intraocular pressure and a fixed and dilated pupil on the first postoperative day. Both pupils showed partial improvement in reactivity over the course of weeks to months. This is the first case of bilateral UZS after DSAEK surgery and in a patient with Fuchs dystrophy. CONCLUSIONS: UZS may occur bilaterally after DSAEK. Because elevated intraocular pressure has been shown to be a risk factor for this condition, this should be monitored closely during the postoperative period.


Subject(s)
Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty/adverse effects , Glaucoma/etiology , Iris Diseases/etiology , Ocular Hypertension/complications , Pupil Disorders/etiology , Atrophy , Female , Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy/surgery , Humans , Middle Aged
5.
Arq Bras Oftalmol ; 79(3): 202-4, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27463637

ABSTRACT

For more than half a century, Urrets-Zavalia syndrome (fixed dilated pupil) has been described as a postoperative complication of ophthalmic surgery. Since first reported as a complication of penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus in patients receiving atropine, the characteristic features of Urrets-Zavalia syndrome have been expanded. In previous literature, a total of 110 cases resulted in a fixed and dilated pupil. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in the immediate postoperative period, phakia, and air or gas in the anterior chamber appear to be the most important risk factors for Urrets-Zavalia syndrome following ophthalmic procedures. Mannitol, IOP control, the removal of air or gas in the anterior chamber, and iridectomy have all demonstrated utility in managing Urrets-Zavalia syndrome.


Subject(s)
Keratoplasty, Penetrating/adverse effects , Pupil Disorders/etiology , Pupil Disorders/prevention & control , Humans , Intraocular Pressure , Iris Diseases/etiology , Iris Diseases/prevention & control , Medical Illustration , Risk Factors , Syndrome , Tomography, Optical Coherence
6.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;79(3): 202-204, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-787331

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT For more than half a century, Urrets-Zavalia syndrome (fixed dilated pupil) has been described as a postoperative complication of ophthalmic surgery. Since first reported as a complication of penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus in patients receiving atropine, the characteristic features of Urrets-Zavalia syndrome have been expanded. In previous literature, a total of 110 cases resulted in a fixed and dilated pupil. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in the immediate postoperative period, phakia, and air or gas in the anterior chamber appear to be the most important risk factors for Urrets-Zavalia syndrome following ophthalmic procedures. Mannitol, IOP control, the removal of air or gas in the anterior chamber, and iridectomy have all demonstrated utility in managing Urrets-Zavalia syndrome.


RESUMO Por mais de meio século, a síndrome de Urrets-Zavalia (pupila fixa e dilatada) foi descrita como uma complicação pós-operatória em oftalmologia. Desde o primeiro relato após ceratoplastia penetrante em pacientes portadores de ceratocone em uso de atropina, seu conceito foi ampliado. Na literatura, um total de 110 casos resultaram em pupila fixa e dilatada. Aumento da pressão intraocular (PIO) no pós-operatório imediato, facia, ar ou gás na câmara anterior parecem ser fatores de risco importantes para o aparecimento da síndrome. Sua prevenção pode ser alcançada com o uso de manitol, controle adequado da PIO e quantidade de ar ou gás na camâra anterior e iridectomia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pupil Disorders/etiology , Pupil Disorders/prevention & control , Keratoplasty, Penetrating/adverse effects , Syndrome , Risk Factors , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Intraocular Pressure , Iris Diseases/etiology , Iris Diseases/prevention & control , Medical Illustration
9.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;75(6): 433-435, nov.-dez. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-675630

ABSTRACT

We report a case of recurrent iris synechiae one year after Nd:YAG laser goniopuncture for deep sclerectomy enhancement in the only functional eye of a patient with end-stage glaucoma. The possible pathophysiology of this uncommon complication and laser treatment aspects are discussed.


A ocorrência de sinéquias irianas após goniopunctura a laser com finalidade de aumentar a filtração após esclerectomia não penetrante é evento raro e que pode levar à crise glaucomatosa aguda e suas consequências. Relatamos a ocorrência deste evento em olho único de paciente portadora de glaucoma em estágio final, um ano após a realização de goniopunctura. Os possíveis mecanismos fisiopatológicos desta complicação incomum, assim como aspectos do tratamento a laser para reverter o quadro são discutidos.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/surgery , Iris Diseases/etiology , Laser Therapy/adverse effects , Sclerostomy/adverse effects , Trabeculectomy/adverse effects , Intraocular Pressure , Iris/surgery , Punctures/methods , Recurrence , Trabeculectomy/methods
10.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 71(3): 191-193, maio-jun. 2012. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-643919

ABSTRACT

Relato de um caso de complicação ocular, em consequência do uso de luz intensa pulsada, para tratamento facial cosmético. A lesão consistiu em atrofia iriana no setor temporal, com grande área de transiluminação, sinéquias posteriores, deformidade e redução da dilatação pupilar. O objetivo é alertar para os riscos do procedimento para os olhos, caso não sejam tomadas as medidas adequadas de proteção ocular.


The authors report a case of ocular complication, following Intense Pulsed Light for cosmetic facial treatment.The lesion was iris atrophy with a large transilumination area, posterior synechiae, deformity and reduced dilation of the pupil, on the temporal side. The aim is to alert for the risk of ocular lesion related to this procedure, if adequate measures to protect the eyes are not taken.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Atrophy/etiology , Iris/injuries , Cosmetic Techniques/adverse effects , Intense Pulsed Light Therapy/adverse effects , Iris Diseases/etiology , Lasers/adverse effects , Atrophy/diagnosis , Transillumination , Skin Aging , Photophobia , Slit Lamp Microscopy , Iris Diseases/diagnosis
11.
Arq Bras Oftalmol ; 75(6): 433-5, 2012.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23715150

ABSTRACT

We report a case of recurrent iris synechiae one year after Nd:YAG laser goniopuncture for deep sclerectomy enhancement in the only functional eye of a patient with end-stage glaucoma. The possible pathophysiology of this uncommon complication and laser treatment aspects are discussed.


Subject(s)
Glaucoma, Open-Angle/surgery , Iris Diseases/etiology , Laser Therapy/adverse effects , Sclerostomy/adverse effects , Trabeculectomy/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Intraocular Pressure , Iris/surgery , Middle Aged , Punctures/methods , Recurrence , Trabeculectomy/methods
12.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 70(4): 248-251, jul.-ago. 2011. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-601025

ABSTRACT

A Síndrome de Urrets-Zavalia apresenta achados oculares bem descritos, porém sua fisiopatologia ainda é incerta. A isquemia iriana é o mecanismo proposto mais comum. Descrevemos dois casos submetidos à ceratoplastia lamelar profunda (CLP) realizadas pelo mesmo cirugião que desenvolveram a síndrome. No primeiro caso, a indicação cirúrgica foi para o tratamento de opacidade corneana e, no segundo, para o de ceratocone. No pós-operatório, ambos os pacientes evoluíram com pupila dilatada fixa que não regrediu totalmente apesar do tratamento administrado.


The Urrets-Zavalia Syndrome presents well described ocular findings, even though its physiopathology is still unsure. Iris ischemia is the most common proposing mechanism. We describe two cases that underwent deep lamellar keratoplasty (DLK) performed by the same surgeon and developed the syndrome. In the first case, the surgical indication was for corneal opacity treatment and, in the second case, for keratoconus treatment. During the post-operatory, both patients developed fixed dilated pupil, which didn't regress completely inspite of the onset treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Pilocarpine/administration & dosage , Mydriasis/etiology , Mydriasis/drug therapy , Corneal Transplantation/adverse effects , Corneal Opacity/surgery , Keratoconus/surgery , Pilocarpine/therapeutic use , Atrophy , Syndrome , Mydriasis/diagnosis , Pupil/physiology , Iris/pathology , Corneal Transplantation/methods , Corneal Opacity/diagnosis , Descemet Membrane/pathology , Iris Diseases/diagnosis , Iris Diseases/etiology , Ischemia , Keratoconus/diagnosis
13.
Rev. cuba. oftalmol ; 20(2)jul.-dic. 2007.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-499255

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de iris laxo intraoperatorio se caracteriza por una tríada de signos: ondulación, prolapso, y miosis progresiva. Este síndrome puede observarse en pacientes que serán sometidos a cirugía de catarata y son portadores de hiperplasia prostática benigna u otra patología tratada con alfabloqueadores sistémicos. Si el oftalmólogo tiene conocimiento de esta terapia puede planificar una estrategia quirúrgica adecuada y de esta manera disminuir la tasa de complicaciones.


The intraoperative floppy iris syndrome is characterized by a triad: wave, prolapse of the iris, and progressive miosis. This syndrome can be observed in patients that will undergo cataract surgery, who are carriers of benign prostatic hyperplasia or another pathology treated with systemic alphablockers. If the ophthalmologist is acquainted with this therapy, he/she may design a suitable surgical strategy to reduce complications after surgery.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cataract Extraction , Iris Diseases/etiology
14.
15.
Indian J Lepr ; 70(2): 189-95, 1998.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9724854

ABSTRACT

This study is based upon the observation f 363 leprosy patients having different types of the disease. At the time of the examination, we did not have any previous knowledge about the type of leprosy the patients were having. Thus, the eye examination was done without the knowledge of clinical diagnosis. The ocular examination protocol covered the following: visual activity, facial muscle function, eyebrows, eyelashes, lacrimal system, pupil, eye motility, corneal sensitivity, Schirmir's test and study of the anterior segment of the ocular bulb with a slit-lamp. The study patients included 275 cases of lepromatous leprosy, 57 tuberculoid, 29 indeterminate and two dimorphous cases. The age of the patients ranged between 18 and 82 years, and 229 of them were males. Among those patients, 183 were whites, 23 were black and 157 were mulatto.


Subject(s)
Eye Diseases/etiology , Leprosy/complications , Vision Disorders/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Brazil/epidemiology , Conjunctival Diseases/etiology , Conjunctival Diseases/pathology , Corneal Diseases/etiology , Corneal Diseases/pathology , Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological , Eye Diseases/diagnosis , Eye Diseases/epidemiology , Eye Diseases/pathology , Eye Infections, Bacterial/complications , Eyebrows/pathology , Female , Humans , Iris Diseases/etiology , Iris Diseases/pathology , Leprosy/epidemiology , Leprosy/ethnology , Male , Middle Aged , Reflex, Pupillary , Scleral Diseases/etiology , Scleral Diseases/pathology , Vision Disorders/diagnosis , Vision Disorders/epidemiology , Vision Disorders/pathology , Visual Acuity
16.
Rev. mex. oftalmol ; 72(4): 175-8, jul.-ago. 1998. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-252189

ABSTRACT

Se presentan dos casos clínicos de leucemia linfoblástica aguda que se encontraban en remisión y su recaída se presentó en el ojo a través de una infiltración leucémica del iris que se manifestó como una uveítis anterior que evolucionó en uno de los casos a glaucoma. Ambos se trataron satisfactoriamente con radioterapia local


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Recurrence , Eye Manifestations , Iris Diseases/etiology , Leukemic Infiltration/diagnosis , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/complications
17.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 56(12): 953-6, dez. 1997. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-213006

ABSTRACT

Os autores analisaram retrospectivamente a evoluçäo visual e a incidência de complicaçöes em 48 olhos submetidos à facoemulsificaçäo por 4 residentes do terceiro ano. Em todos os casos foi implantada uma lente de 7,0mm de zona óptica com a supervisäo de um assistente. As incidências de rotura de cápsula posterior e perda vítrea foi 6,25 p/cento (2/48) e 10,40 p/cento (5/48), respectivamente. O momento da rotura capsular ocorreu em 60 p/cento dos casos (3 pacientes) durante a emulsificaçäo do núcleo e em 2 (40 p/cento) olhos ao se aspirar o córtex automaticamente. A acuidade visual foi 20/40 em 89,60 p/cento dos casos com folow-up médio de 5,4 meses. Estes resultados säo comparáveis ao desempenho de residentes fazendo extra-capsular publicado em trabalhos anteriores. Nós acreditamos que, com treinamento apropriado e supervisäo de cirurgiöes


Subject(s)
Humans , /classification , Medical Staff, Hospital/education , Iris Diseases/etiology , Corneal Edema/etiology , Phacoemulsification/adverse effects , Ophthalmology/education
18.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;60(6): 566-9, nov.-dez. 1997. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-207943

ABSTRACT

A Síndrome de Menkes é uma desordem neurodegenerativa progressiva ligada ao cromossona X; uma mutaçäo no gene de Menkes (MNK) causa a doença por alterar o transporte de cobre do citosol para as organelas celulares. Apesar da síndrome näo ser rara, o diagnóstico é raramente feito em nosso meio. Déficit de crescimento, convulsöes e um cabelo peculiar säo achados precoces da síndrome. A visäo deteriora a despeito de um exame ocular praticamente normal. Sem tratamento, os pacientes raramente sobrevivem além de três anos de idade. Foram estudadas as manifestaçöes oculares em três pacientes com a Síndrome de Menkes e adicionadas hipoplasia do estroma anterior da íris e cílios aberrantes como novas manifestaçöes da doença. Uma vez familiarizados com esta síndrome, os oftalmologistas teräo um grande papel no seu diagnóstico precoce e seu eventual tratamento


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Iris Diseases/etiology , Optic Nerve Diseases/etiology , Eye Manifestations , Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome/complications
19.
s.l; s.n; 1992. 3 p. ilus, tab.
Non-conventional in English | Sec. Est. Saúde SP, HANSEN, Hanseníase Leprosy, SESSP-ILSLACERVO, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1236448
20.
Ophthalmic Surg ; 23(5): 316-9, 1992 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1603530

ABSTRACT

In a cross-sectional study, 88 eyes with anterior chamber intraocular lenses (AC-IOLs) were evaluated by goniophotography by one masked observer for the presence of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) and by another masked observer for the length of the AC-IOL. Sixty-eight of the 88 lenses had PAS which were strongly correlated with the lens being oversized (P less than .001). However, differences in haptic style or lens rigidity were not associated with the presence of PAS.


Subject(s)
Anterior Eye Segment , Iris Diseases/etiology , Lenses, Intraocular/adverse effects , Anterior Chamber , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Tissue Adhesions/etiology
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