Analysis of Influencing Factors of Postoperative Quality of Life in Patients with Renal Cancer under the Continuing Care Model Based on the Omaha System.

BACKGROUND: Scientific nursing is of great significance for improving negative emotions, self-management ability and quality of life of patients after cancer surgery. The Omaha system has been widely used in the field of care in many countries and regions, and although it helps to improve the quality of life of cancer patients after surgery, there are still large differences between different patients. This study examines factors affecting postoperative quality of life in renal cancer patients under the continuous care Omaha system, aiming to refine nursing plans. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 108 renal cancer patients undergoing radical treatment, all of whom received care via the Omaha system. The score for quality of life and the scores for Strategies Used by People to Promote Health (SUPPH), Social Support Rate Scale (SSRS), and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ) of patients with different baseline data were compared. RESULTS: Patients with spouses as primary caregivers scored higher across psychological, physical, physiological, and societal dimensions of quality of life than those with children or others as caregivers (p < 0.001). Patients without underlying diseases have higher physiological, societal dimensions, overall satisfaction total score for quality of life (compared to those with underlying diseases, p < 0.001), patients with clinical stage III have lower physiological, societal dimensions, overall satisfaction, and total score for quality of life (compared to stage I/II, p < 0.001). The physiological, societal dimensions, overall satisfaction, and total quality of life score for patients with medical or commercial insurance as the settlement method for medical expenses are higher (compared to self-funded, p < 0.001). In the SUPPH scale, the positive attitude score, stress reduction score, making decisions score, and total score were positively correlated with the total score for quality of life (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.008, p < 0.001, respectively). In the SSRS scale, the objective support score, subjective support score, useless support score, and total score were positively correlated with the total score for quality of life (all p < 0.001). In the MCMQ scale, the confrontation score was positively correlated with the total score for quality of life (p < 0.001). The acceptance-resignation and avoidance scores were negatively correlated with the total score for quality of life (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The quality of life of patients is not only affected by primary caregivers, underlying diseases, clinical staging, and medical expense settlement methods, but also positively correlated with self-efficacy and social support, and negatively correlated with coping styles.

Short-term psychosocial outcomes of adding a non-contrast abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan to the thoracic CT within lung cancer screening.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate psychological, social, and financial outcomes amongst individuals undergoing a non-contrast abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan to screen for kidney cancer and other abdominal malignancies alongside the thoracic CT within lung cancer screening. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The Yorkshire Kidney Screening Trial (YKST) is a feasibility study of adding a non-contrast abdominal CT scan to the thoracic CT within lung cancer screening. A total of 500 participants within the YKST, comprising all who had an abnormal CT scan and a random sample of one-third of those with a normal scan between 14/03/2022 and 24/08/2022 were sent a questionnaire at 3 and 6 months. Outcomes included the Psychological Consequences Questionnaire (PCQ), the short-form of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the EuroQoL five Dimensions five Levels scale (EQ-5D-5L). Data were analysed using regression adjusting for participant age, sex, socioeconomic status, education, baseline quality of life (EQ-5D-5L), and ethnicity. RESULTS: A total of 380 (76%) participants returned questionnaires at 3 months and 328 (66%) at 6 months. There was no difference in any outcomes between participants with a normal scan and those with abnormal scans requiring no further action. Individuals requiring initial further investigations or referral had higher scores on the negative PCQ than those with normal scans at 3 months (standardised mean difference 0.28 sd, 95% confidence interval 0.01-0.54; P = 0.044). The difference was greater in those with anxiety or depression at baseline. No differences were seen at 6 months. CONCLUSION: Screening for kidney cancer and other abdominal malignancies using abdominal CT alongside the thoracic CT within lung cancer screening is unlikely to cause significant lasting psychosocial or financial harm to participants with incidental findings.

Patient-reported outcomes with first-line nivolumab plus cabozantinib versus sunitinib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma treated in CheckMate 9ER: an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial.

BACKGROUND: In the CheckMate 9ER trial, patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma who received first-line nivolumab plus cabozantinib had significantly better progression-free survival compared with those given sunitinib. In this study, we aimed to describe the patient-reported outcome (PRO) results from CheckMate 9ER. METHODS: In this open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial done in 125 cancer centres, urology centres, and hospitals across 18 countries, patients aged 18 years or older with previously untreated advanced renal cell carcinoma with a clear-cell component, a Karnofsky performance status of 70% or more, and available tumour tissue were randomly assigned (1:1) via interactive response technology to nivolumab 240 mg intravenously every 2 weeks plus oral cabozantinib 40 mg per day, or oral sunitinib 50 mg per day monotherapy for 4 weeks in 6-week cycles. The primary endpoint of progression-free survival was reported previously. PROs were analysed as prespecified exploratory endpoints at common timepoints (at baseline and every 6 weeks) until week 115. Disease-related symptoms were evaluated using the 19-item Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Kidney Symptom Index (FKSI-19), and global health status was assessed with the three-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-3L) visual analogue scale (VAS) and UK utility index. PRO analyses were done in the intention-to-treat population. Change from baseline was assessed using mixed-model repeated measures. A time-to-deterioration analysis was done for first and confirmed deterioration events. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03141177, and is closed to recruitment. FINDINGS: Between Sept 11, 2017, and May 14, 2019, 323 patients were randomly assigned to nivolumab plus cabozantinib and 328 to sunitinib. Median follow-up was 23·5 months (IQR 21·0-26·5). At baseline, patients in both groups reported low symptom burden (FKSI-19 disease-related symptoms version 1 mean scores at baseline were 30·24 [SD 5·19] for the nivolumab plus cabozantinib group and 30·06 [5·03] for the sunitinib group). Change from baseline in PRO scores indicated that nivolumab plus cabozantinib was associated with more favourable outcomes versus sunitinib (treatment difference 2·38 [95% CI 1·20-3·56], nominal p<0·0001, effect size 0·33 [95% CI 0·17-0·50] for FKSI-19 total score; 1·33 [0·84-1·83], nominal p<0·0001, 0·45 [0·28-0·61] for FKSI-19 disease-related symptoms version 1; 3·48 [1·58-5·39], nominal p=0·0004, 0·30 [0·14-0·47] for EQ-5D-3L VAS; and 0·04 [0·01-0·07], nominal p=0·0036, 0·25 [0·08-0·41] for EQ-5D-3L UK utility index), reaching significance at most timepoints. Nivolumab plus cabozantinib was associated with decreased risk of clinically meaningful deterioration for FKSI-19 total score compared with sunitinib (first deterioration event hazard ratio 0·70 [95% CI 0·56-0·86], nominal p=0·0007; confirmed deterioration event 0·63 [0·50-0·80], nominal p=0·0001). INTERPRETATION: PROs were maintained or improved with nivolumab plus cabozantinib versus sunitinib. Compared with sunitinib, nivolumab plus cabozantinib significantly delayed time to deterioration of patient-reported outcome scores. These results suggest a benefit for nivolumab plus cabozantinib compared with sunitinib in the treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. FUNDING: Bristol Myers Squibb.

Quality of life assessment in renal cell carcinoma Phase II and III clinical trials published between 2010 and 2020: a systematic review.

Aims: Quality of life (QoL) assessment is frequently not included among the end points of clinical trials (CTs) on renal cell carcinoma. Herein we aimed to describe the assessment and reporting of QoL in Phase II and Phase III CTs published between 2010 and 2020. Methods: A total of 25 CTs were included; 76% of trials included were conducted in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients, while 20% of studies evaluated adjuvant systemic treatments. Results: In 13/25 publications, QoL was not listed among the end points, with secondary publications dedicated to QoL present in a minority of cases. Conclusions: QoL was not included among the end points of a large percentage of CTs. Implementing the inclusion of QoL represents an urgent need.

Lay abstract Recent years have seen growing attention toward quality of life (QoL) in medical oncology clinical trials and statistical measurement of this aspect of cancer treatment. Nonetheless, although most clinicians and researchers agree that QoL should represent a fundamental component of clinical trials, the inclusion of QoL results is still inadequate, and our systematic review confirms that implementing the inclusion of QoL remains an urgent need.

Impact of self-decision to stop cancer treatment on advanced genitourinary cancer patients.

ABSTRACT: Decision-making to stop cancer treatment in patients with advanced cancer is stressful, and it significantly influences subsequent end-of-life palliative treatment. However, little is known about the extent to which the patient's self-decisions influenced the prognostic period. This study focused on the patient's self-decision and investigated the impact of the self-decision to stop cancer treatment on their post-cancer treatment survival period and place of death.We retrospectively analyzed 167 cases of advanced genitourinary cancer patients (kidney cancer: 42; bladder cancer: 68; prostate cancer: 57) treated at the University of Fukui Hospital (UFH), who later died because of cancer. Of these, 100 patients decided to stop cancer treatment by themselves (self-decision group), while the families of the remaining 67 patients (family's decision group) decided to stop treatment on their behalf because the patient's decision-making ability was already impaired. Differences in the post-cancer-treatment survival period and place of death between the 2 groups were examined. The association between place of death and survival period was also analyzed.The median survival period after terminating cancer treatment was approximately 6 times longer in the self-decision group (145.5 days in self-decision group vs 23.0 days in family's decision group, P < .001). Proportions for places of death were as follows: among the self-decision group, 42.0% of patients died at UFH, 45.0% at other medical institutions, and 13.0% at home; among the family's decision group, 62.7% died at UFH, 32.8% at other medical institutions, and 4.5% at home. The proportion of patients who died at UFH was significantly higher among the family's decision group (P = .011). The median survival period was significantly shorter for patients who died at UFH (UFH: 30.0 days; other institutions/home: 161.0 days; P < .001).Significantly longer post-cancer-treatment survival period and higher home death rate were observed among patients whose cancer treatment was terminated based on their self-decision. Our results provide clinical evidence, especially in terms of prognostic period and place of death that support the importance of discussing bad news, such as stopping cancer treatment with patients.

Real-world symptoms, disease burden, resource use and quality of life in US patients with advanced renal cell cancer.

Aim: To assess symptoms, healthcare resource utilization and health-related quality of life in advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) clinical practice. Materials & methods: The USA point-in-time survey of physicians and patients was conducted between February and September 2019. Results: Data were available for 227 patients. Mean (standard deviation) number of symptoms was 3.4 (3.2); differences were observed across International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium risk categories (p < 0.001), with fewer symptoms in favorable-risk patients. Disease burden, measured by greater healthcare resource utilization and worse health-related quality of life, was high, particularly in International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium intermediate- or poor- versus favorable-risk patients. In total, 45 patients (21.6%) were hospitalized due to aRCC within a 6-month period, 35 (16.8%) had one hospitalization and ten (4.8%) experienced ≥2 hospitalizations due to aRCC. Mean (standard deviation) 19-Item Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Kidney Symptom Index score was 53.6 (13.2) for this population, significantly lower than the reference value (59.8; p < 0.001). Conclusion: A clear need exists for improved disease management in patients with aRCC.

Lay abstract Late-stage/advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) is kidney cancer that has spread to other body parts. aRCC is expensive to treat and affects patients in many ways. New treatments have become available, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immuno-oncology therapies. The type of treatment recommended depends on the patient's International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium risk score. This is a way of classifying patients as having a good, intermediate or poor survival risk. We asked physicians questions about their patients such as their age, how long they had aRCC, their treatment and symptoms, and asked patients how aRCC affected their lives, including how often they visited doctors and hospitals. aRCC had the greatest effect on patients with poor-risk scores. Those patients had more symptoms and worse quality of life than patients with intermediate or good risk scores. Treatment also affected patients' lives, although not as much as risk score. Patients with aRCC need better treatment options to help improve their quality of life.

Psychological, educational, and social late effects in adolescent survivors of Wilms tumor: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.

OBJECTIVE: To delineate the impact of treatment exposures and chronic health conditions on psychological, educational, and social outcomes in adolescent survivors of Wilms tumor. METHODS: Parent reports from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study were analyzed for 666 adolescent survivors of Wilms tumor and 698 adolescent siblings. Adjusting for race and household income, survivors were compared to siblings on the Behavior Problems Index and educational outcomes. Multivariable modified Poisson regression estimated relative risks (RR) for therapeutic exposures and chronic health conditions (CTCAE 4.03 graded) among survivors, adjusting for sex, race, income, and age at diagnosis. RESULTS: Compared to siblings, adolescent survivors of Wilms tumor were more likely to take psychoactive medication (9.4% vs. 5.1%, p < 0.001) and utilize special education services (25.5% vs. 12.6%, p < 0.001) but did not differ significantly in emotional and behavioral problems. Survivors were less likely to be friendless (7.2% vs. 10.1%, p = 0.04) but were more likely to have difficulty getting along with friends (14.5% vs. 7.8%, p < 0.001). Among survivors, use of special education services was associated with abdomen plus chest radiation (RR = 1.98, CI:1.18-3.34). Those with grade 2-4 cardiovascular conditions had higher risk for anxiety/depression (RR = 1.95, CI:1.19-3.19), headstrong behaviors (RR = 1.91, CI:1.26-2.89), and inattention (RR = 1.56, CI:1.02-2.40). CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent survivors of Wilms tumor were similar to siblings with respect to mental health concerns overall but were more likely to require special education. Monitoring of psychosocial and academic problems through adolescence is warranted, especially among those treated with radiation to the abdomen plus chest or with cardiac conditions.

Patient-Reported Quality of Life and Convalescence After Minimally Invasive Kidney Cancer Surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To better characterize recovery after minimally invasive kidney surgery, we present a study describing patient-reported health-related quality of life (HRQOL) following minimally invasive radical nephrectomy (RN) and partial nephrectomy (PN). METHODS: Patients who underwent minimally invasive PN or RN for renal cancer were invited to enroll in a prospective, patient-reported HRQOL study using the Convalescence and Recovery Evaluation (CARE) instrument and Short Form-12. Patients completed questionnaires at baseline, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery. Mixed repeated measures model were used to assess time effect on HRQOL scores and predictors of scores within each surgery groups. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-seven patients were included in the study: 50 had RN and 127 had PN. At 2 weeks, both groups had significant decreases in Overall CARE, as well as the Pain, Gastrointestinal, and Activity domain scores which remained slightly below baseline at 4 weeks. At 4 weeks only 50% of patients in both the RN and PN cohorts returned to baseline overall CARE score. By 12 weeks 82% returned to baseline overall CARE score in the RN group while 76% of patients did so in the PN group. CONCLUSION: Convalescence after minimally invasive renal surgery can often extend beyond 4 weeks post-treatment in PN and RN subjects. This information may be used to provide more accurate preoperative counseling in an attempt to improve overall patient satisfaction.

Personality and educational level determine self-reported health-related quality-of-life and distress in patients with renal tumors awaiting radical surgery.

Objective: Data on preoperative distress and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) is lacking for patients with newly diagnosed renal tumors. This study aims to compare HRQoL within this group with the general population and to study the relationship between distress, HRQoL, personality, coping, and patient/tumor-related factors.Materials and methods: Between January 2011 and June 2014, 153 patients (100 males/53 females), scheduled for surgery were prospectively included. Distress was determined by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), HRQoL by EORTC-QLQ-C30 questionnaire, personality by Eysenck Personality Inventory and coping by COPE questionnaire. HRQoL-data from an age and gender matched Norwegian reference population was used for comparison.Results: The study patients had significantly poorer HRQoL than the reference population. GHQ and HRQoL sum scores had a common variance (CV = r2) of 29-35%. In regression models, the measured variables accounted for 33% of the variance for the GHQ score. Significant predictors of the measured variance were neuroticism (18%), education level (3%) and avoidant coping (2%). Similarly, the measured variables accounted for 33-44% of the variance for the HRQoL sum scores. For all HRQoL sum scores, neuroticism predicted 17-28%, while education predicted 4-11% of the measured variance. Large tumor size, comorbidity, performance status and CRP predicted 2-7% of individual sum scores.Conclusions: For both preoperative distress and HRQoL, personality traits such as neuroticism and education level were the most important predictors. Tumor-related factors and other preexisting conditions seemed to be of lesser importance. Thus, preoperatively screening of psychological factors could be helpful to identify those at risk of poor outcomes.

Self-perceived burden and its associations with health-related quality of life among urologic cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the prevalence of self-perceived burden (SPB) and its association with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among urologic cancer patients. METHODS: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study. A total of 429 respondents diagnosed with urologic cancers (prostate, bladder and renal cancer) from Sarawak General Hospital and Subang Jaya Medical Centre in Malaysia were interviewed by using a structured questionnaire. SPB and HRQoL were measured by the Self-perceived Burden Scale and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General 7 Item Scale respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Self-perceived burden was experienced by 73.2% of the respondents. Respondents who had a lower education level, a monthly household income

Replacing sedentary time with physical activity and sleep: associations with quality of life in kidney cancer survivors.

PURPOSE: Kidney cancer survivors spend large quantities of time sedentary and little time physically active, which negatively impacts quality of life (QoL). This study examined (1) the association of reallocating sedentary time to sleep, light physical activity (PA), or moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) on QoL in kidney cancer survivors and (2) the threshold at which results are clinically meaningful. METHODS: Kidney cancer survivors (N = 463) completed a survey including the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, sitting time, sleep duration, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) scales. Isotemporal substitution analyses estimated associations of reallocating sedentary time to PA and sleep on QoL. RESULTS: Reallocating 10 min/day of sedentary time to MVPA was significantly associated with higher scores on the Trial Outcome Index-Fatigue (B = 0.60, SE = 0.25, p = 0.02), FACT-Fatigue (B = 0.71, SE = 0.32, p = 0.03), functional well-being (B = 0.18, SE = 0.08, p = 0.02), and fatigue subscales (B = 0.35, SE = 0.15, p = 0.02). Reallocating sedentary time to sleep was significantly associated with higher FACT-General (B = 0.15, SE = 0.08, p = 0.04) and functional well-being subscale (B = 0.06, SE = 0.03, p = 0.049) scores. Reallocating sedentary time to light PA was significantly associated with higher fatigue subscale scores (B = 0.46, SE = 0.23, p = 0.045). Kidney cancer survivors would need to reallocate a minimum of about 83, 200, and 65 min/day of MVPA, sleep, and light PA, respectively, for associations to be clinically meaningful. CONCLUSIONS: Reallocating sedentary time to MVPA, light PA, or sleep at higher doses is associated with better fatigue and physical aspects of QoL. Interventions should consider replacing sedentary time with MVPA or light PA in a gradual manner, and improve sleep quality for kidney cancer survivors.

Psychological distress associated with active surveillance in patients younger than 70 with a small renal mass.

PURPOSE: To compare the psychological distress throughout several predefined disease time points in patients younger than 70 with small renal masses (SRMs) treated with either active surveillance (AS) or ablative/surgical therapy. METHODS: Using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System - revised (ESAS-r) questionnaire, we focused on psychological distress symptoms in all consecutive patients with an SRM between 2014 and 2017. We further evaluated the psychological distress sub-score (PDSS) of ESAS-r, consisting of the sum scores of anxiety, depression, and well-being. PDSS of patients treated with AS or ablation/surgery were compared at 4 distinct time points (before and after diagnosis, after a biopsy is performed, and at last follow-up). Multivariable linear regression models were performed to assess factors associated with worse PDSS (1-point score increase). RESULTS: We examined 477 patients, of whom 217 and 260 were treated with AS and surgery/ablation, respectively. Similar ESAS-r and PDSS scores were shown at all predefined disease time points except following an SRM biopsy and at last, follow-up, where AS-treated patients with a biopsy-proven malignancy had significantly worse PDSS (11.4 vs. 6.1, P = 0.035), and (13.2 vs. 5.4, P = 0.004), respectively. At last follow-up, multivariable linear models demonstrated that a biopsy-proven malignancy (B = 2.630, 95% CI 0.024-5.236, P = 0.048) and AS strategy (B = 6.499, 95% CI 2.340-10.658, P = 0.002) were associated with worse PDSS in all patients, and in those who underwent a biopsy, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Offering standardized psychological supportive care may be required for patients younger than 70 years on AS for SRM, especially for those with a biopsy-proven tumor.

Gender-based psychological and physical distress differences in patients diagnosed with non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze gender-based differences in distress symptoms in patients with non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) at different stages of disease. METHODS: The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System-revised (ESAS-r) questionnaire includes a physical (PHSDSS) and a psychological distress sub-score (PDSS). The ESAS-r was used to measure psychological and physical distress symptoms in localized RCC patients in a major cancer referral center between 2014 and 2017 at four predefined time points: (a) diagnosis, (b) biopsy, (c) surgery, and (d) last follow-up. Results were gender stratified, and multivariable linear regression models were used to determine associations with increased sub-scores. RESULTS: Overall, 495 patients were included with 37.2% females. No significant gender differences were seen in mean age, relevant clinical parameters, and treatment. PDSS was significantly higher in females after diagnosis (8.5 vs. 5.1, p = 0.018), biopsy (8.9 vs. 4.1, p = 0.003), and surgery (6.5 vs. 4.4, p = 0.007), while being similar at the last follow-up. The multivariable model demonstrated a statistically significant association of female gender with higher PDSS after diagnosis (B = 3.755, 95% CI 0.761-6.750), biopsy (B = 6.076, 95% CI 2.701-9.451), and surgery (B = 1.974, 95% CI 0.406-3.542). PHSDSS was significantly higher in females after biopsy (10.0 vs. 5.7, p = 0.028) and surgery (8.6 vs. 6.1, p = 0.022). In the multivariable model, female gender conferred a higher PHSDSS only after surgery (B = 2.384, 95% CI 0.208-4.560). CONCLUSIONS: Gender-associated psychological distress differences exist in non-metastatic RCC patients throughout treatment, while dissipating at last follow-up. Emphasis should be placed on screening for distress symptoms and providing psychological support continuously, particularly for female patients.

Demographic, medical, social-cognitive, and environmental correlates of meeting independent and combined physical activity guidelines in kidney cancer survivors.

PURPOSE: Guidelines for cancer survivors recommend both aerobic physical activity (PA) and strength training (ST). Few kidney cancer survivors (KCS) are meeting single-activity or combined guidelines; therefore, examining factors influencing PA participation is warranted. The purpose of this study is to examine demographic, medical, social-cognitive, and environmental correlates of meeting independent (i.e., aerobic-only, strength training (ST)-only) and combined guidelines (i.e., aerobic and ST) in KCS. METHODS: KCS (N = 651) completed self-reported measures of PA and demographic, medical, social-cognitive, and perceived environmental factors. Built environment was assessed using the geographic information systems (GIS). Multinomial logistic regressions were conducted to determine the correlates of meeting the combined versus independent guidelines. RESULTS: Compared with meeting neither guideline, meeting aerobic-only guidelines was associated with higher intentions (p < .01) and planning (p < .01); meeting ST-only guidelines was associated with higher intentions (p = .02) and planning (p < .01), lower perceived behavioral control (PBC) (p = .03), healthy weight (p = .01), and older age (p < .01); and meeting the combined guidelines were associated with higher intentions (p < .01), planning (p = .02), higher instrumental attitudes (p < .01), higher education (p = .04), better health (p < .01), and localized cancer (p = .05). Additionally, compared with neither guideline, meeting aerobic-only (p < .01) and combined (p < .01) guidelines was significantly associated with access to workout attire. Compared with neither guideline, meeting aerobic-only guidelines was associated with proximity to retail (p = .02). CONCLUSION: PA participation correlates may vary based on the modality of interest. Interventions may differ depending on the modality promoted and whether KCS are already meeting single-modality guidelines.

The association of anxiety and depression with perioperative and oncologic outcomes among patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma undergoing nephrectomy.

OBJECTIVES: Anxiety and depression have been associated with inferior overall survival for several malignancies, including metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, there is minimal data evaluating this association for localized RCC. We evaluated the association of anxiety or depression with survival in patients with surgically treated localized clear cell RCC (ccRCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed our institutional nephrectomy registry of 1,990 adults who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy for unilateral, sporadic, nonmetastatic ccRCC between 1995 and 2011. Baseline anxiety and depression were identified using ICD-9 codes. Associations of anxiety or depression with 30-day complications and oncologic outcomes were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models as well as adjustment for propensity score (PS) quintile and re-weighting by stabilized inverse probability weights. RESULTS: A total of 197 (10%) patients were identified with a diagnosis of anxiety or depression. Median follow-up among survivors was 10.0 (IQR 7.3-13.6) years, during which time 864 patients died, including 363 from RCC. After PS adjustment, clinical and pathologic features were well balanced between groups. Patients with anxiety or depression had increased overall 30-day complications compared to those without (17% vs. 11%, P = 0.011). No significant differences were noted in time to local ipsilateral recurrence (P = 0.54), distant metastases (P = 0.96), or death from RCC (P = 0.42) between patients with vs. without anxiety or depression, while patients with anxiety or depression trended toward worse overall survival (hazard ratio 1.29, 95%CI 0.98-1.69, P = 0.065). CONCLUSIONS: Neither anxiety nor depression were significantly associated with oncologic outcomes among patients who underwent surgery for localized ccRCC. The trend toward worse overall survival among patients with anxiety or depression warrants further investigation.

Health-related quality of life in localized renal masses: A matter of sparing nephrons or minimizing the incision?

PURPOSE: Longitudinal assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) differences in patients with localized renal masses according to treatment strategy. METHODS: Consecutive patients ≥ 18 years with localized renal masses treated with different approaches (open [O], laparoscopic [L], and percutaneous [P]) and modalities (radical nephrectomy [RN], nephron sparing surgery [NSS] and cryoablation [CA]). The SF-36, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Kidney Symptom Index-15 questionnaires and pain visual analog scale were completed pretreatment and at 1, 3, and 12 months posttreatment. Questionnaire results were stratified according to approach and treatment modality using a longitudinal multilevel linear regression model. Clinical patient and tumor characteristics, complications, and histopathology results were tested as confounders. RESULTS: Ninety eight patients completed baseline and at least one follow-up questionnaires; 27.5%, 16.3%, 22.5%, 9.2%, 13.3%, and 11.2% patients received LNSS, ONSS, LRN, ORN, LCA, and PCA, respectively. Higher baseline SF-36 (3 domains) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Kidney Symptom Index-15 scores were reported in L group compared with the O approach. Overall, HRQoL decreased at 1 month and gradually normalized to baseline level or higher at 1 year. For treatment modality at baseline, higher mean visual analog scale was observed in CA than RN group. A trend to decreased HRQoL was observed at 1 month for RN and NSS; thereafter, scores normalized to baseline levels or higher. Approach or treatment modality HRQoL did not change substantially when corrected for confounders. CONCLUSION: At short-term, HRQoL outcome favored minimally invasive treatment of RCC; at mid-term, these advantages were no longer apparent. This suggest that in selecting the best surgical treatment for the patient, oncological outcome should be the primary consideration as both approach and treatment modality result in similar HRQoL outcomes.

Bone Pain in Cancer Patients: Mechanisms and Current Treatment.

The skeletal system is the third most common site for cancer metastases, surpassed only by the lungs and liver. Many tumors, especially those of the breast, prostate, lungs, and kidneys, have a strong predilection to metastasize to bone, which causes pain, hypercalcemia, pathological skeletal fractures, compression of the spinal cord or other nervous structures, decreased mobility, and increased mortality. Metastatic cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) is a type of chronic pain with unique and complex pathophysiology characterized by nociceptive and neuropathic components. Its treatment should be multimodal (pharmacological and non-pharmacological), including causal anticancer and symptomatic analgesic treatment to improve quality of life (QoL). The aim of this paper is to discuss the mechanisms involved in the occurrence and persistence of cancer-associated bone pain and to review the treatment methods recommended by experts in clinical practice. The final part of the paper reviews experimental therapeutic methods that are currently being studied and that may improve the efficacy of bone pain treatment in cancer patients in the future.

Development and acceptability testing of a patient decision aid for individuals with localized renal masses considering surgical removal with partial or radical nephrectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Patient decision aids are structured clinical tools that facilitate shared decision-making. In urology, the decision between partial and radical nephrectomy for a renal mass can be difficult. We sought to develop and evaluate a decision aid for patients with a localized renal mass considering surgery. This paper describes the development process and acceptability testing of our patient decision aid. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A decision aid was systematically created using the International Patient Decision Aids Standards. Review of the literature identified evidence regarding patient-important outcomes of partial and radical nephrectomy. A mixed methods survey was designed to assess acceptability of the decision aid. Kidney cancer survivors, patient advocates, methodological experts, and urologists were recruited to evaluate the decision aid. The primary outcome was the acceptability of the decision aid reported by survey responders. RESULTS: An evidence-based decision aid was created. Included benefits were overall survival, cancer-free survival, and length of hospital stay. Included harms were postoperative bleeding, urine leak, stage 3 renal failure, renal replacement therapy, and flank bulge. The decision aid met the International Patient Decision Aids Standards defining (6 of 6), certification (6 of 6), and quality criteria (21 of 23). Results of acceptability testing were highly favorable. Responders (n = 22) reported the decision aid had acceptable language (91%), an appropriate length (82%), and presented balanced options (91%). Nine of 11 urologists (82%) reported intended use with future patients. CONCLUSIONS: A novel, evidence-based decision aid was created for patients with renal masses considering surgery. The decision aid is available at https://decisionaid.ohri.ca/AZsumm.php?ID=1913. A separate decision aid addressing the management of small renal masses is currently under development.