ABSTRACT
One new compound, 12-epi-9-deacetoxyxenicin (1) along with a hydroperoxide product, 12-epi-9-deacetoxy-8-hydroperoxyxenicin (2) and two known sesquiterpenoids (3-4) were isolated from a population of Bornean soft coral Xenia sp. The structures of these secondary metabolites were elucidated based on their spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 and 2 showed cytotoxic activity against ATL cell line, S1T. In addition, compound 3 exhibited hyphal inhibition of Lagenidium thermophilum.
Subject(s)
Anthozoa/chemistry , Diterpenes/isolation & purification , Animals , Cell Line, Tumor , Diterpenes/chemistry , Humans , Lagenidium/drug effects , Malaysia , Molecular StructureABSTRACT
The medicinal plant, Syzygium leucoxylon or commonly known as Obah found in North Borneo was considered as traditional medicine by local committee. Two new phenolics, leucoxenols A (1) and B (2) were isolated and identified as major secondary metabolites from the leaves of S. leucoxylon. Their chemical structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic data such as NMR and HRESIMS. Furthermore, these compounds were active against selected strains of fungi.
Subject(s)
Phenols/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Syzygium/chemistry , Animals , Borneo , Brachyura/drug effects , Hyphae/drug effects , Lagenidium/drug effects , Larva/drug effects , Molecular Structure , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Three new cembrane diterpenes, nephthecrassocolides A-B (1-2) and 6-acetoxy nephthenol acetate (3) along with three known compounds, 6-acetoxy-7,8-epoxy nephthenol acetate (4), epoxy nephthenol acetate (5) and nephthenol (6) were isolated from one population of Nephthea sp. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic data analysis and the antifungal activities of compounds 1-6 were evaluated.
Subject(s)
Anthozoa/chemistry , Antifungal Agents/chemistry , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Diterpenes/chemistry , Diterpenes/pharmacology , Animals , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Lagenidium/drug effects , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Structure , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
Two new halogenated nonterpenoids C15-acetogenins, nangallenes A-B (1-2), together with two known halogenated compounds itomanallene A (3) and 2,10-dibromo-3-chloro-α-chamigrene (4), were isolated and identified from the organic extract of the marine red alga Laurencia nangii Masuda collected from the coastal waters in Semporna, Borneo. Their structures were established by means of spectroscopic analysis including IR, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESI-MS), and 1D and 2D NMR techniques. All these metabolites were submitted for the antifungal assay against four species of selected marine fungi. Compounds 1-4 showed potent activity against Haliphthoros sabahensis and Lagenidium thermophilum.
Subject(s)
Acetogenins/chemistry , Antifungal Agents/chemistry , Laurencia/chemistry , Acetogenins/isolation & purification , Acetogenins/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring/chemistry , Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring/isolation & purification , Lagenidium/drug effects , Models, Molecular , Molecular Structure , Sesquiterpenes/chemistry , Sesquiterpenes/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
ãThe antifungal activity of two Bornean medicinal wild gingers Plagiostachys megacarpa and Zingiber phillippsiae were examined against Lagenidium thermophilum. The most active extract was P. megacarpa at concentration of 320 µg/mL inhibiting both hyphal growth and zoospore production of L. thermophilum in 24 h. Toxicity tests were conducted using mud crab (Scylla tranquebarica) larva. Bath treatment of P. megacarpa at concentrations of 320 and 640 µg/mL for 24 h were highly effective against hyphae and zoospores of the strain and it is non-toxic to mud crab larva. Therefore, crude extracts P. megacarpa may be used as alternative treatment for marine Oomycete infection of mud crab.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Asarum/chemistry , Brachyura/microbiology , Lagenidium/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Infections/veterinaryABSTRACT
In this work, we examined the production of infective zoospores of Lagenidium giganteum in four culture media, and the larvicidal activity of the cultures was determined against Aedes aegypti larvae, as well as the effect of polymer encapsulation. Medium containing sunflower seed extract showed the greatest production of zoospores, 5.92×10(6) zoospores/ml after six days of fermentation at 25±2°C and 150rpm shaking. This culture tested against A. aegypti 1st stage larvae caused different mortality rates at 24, 48 and 72h posttreatment. The LC(50) obtained was 43.9, 41.1 and 42.9µl of total culture/ml, at 24, 48 and 72h posttreatment respectively, while the culture grown in medium with soybean meal showed 3-5 times higher LC(50) values. Finally, the total culture including mycelium, zoospores and presporangia formulated with 2.5% pectin showed significantly higher mortality rates, around 100% more than the unformulated culture, whose values were from 40 to 1% at 3, 6, 9, and 12d posttreatment in the bioassays carried out in the laboratory to determine residual activity.
Subject(s)
Culture Media/pharmacology , Lagenidium/drug effects , Lagenidium/growth & development , Aedes , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Helianthus , Larva , Lethal Dose 50 , Mosquito Control , Oomycetes/drug effects , Pest Control, Biological , Seeds , Glycine maxSubject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Dog Diseases/microbiology , Infections/microbiology , Lagenidium/genetics , Pythium/genetics , Animals , Dogs , Infections/classification , Lagenidium/classification , Lagenidium/drug effects , Phylogeny , Pythium/classification , Pythium/drug effects , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the radial growth assay for use in in vitro susceptibility testing of Pythium insidiosum and a Lagenidium sp and to assess susceptibility of representative isolates to itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, terbinafine, caspofungin, and mefenoxam. SAMPLE POPULATION: 6 isolates each of P insidiosum and Lagenidium sp. PROCEDURES: Isolates were plated in triplicate onto agar supplemented with antifungal compounds at concentrations of 0.025 to 8 microg/mL. Isolates on dimethyl sulfoxide- and water-supplemented agar served as control samples. Effect of antifungal concentration on colony diameter was assessed with a mixed linear model. Assay variability was assessed with the coefficient of variation. RESULTS: Colony growth was uniform (mean intra-assay and interassay coefficients of variation were < 5%). Minimal inhibition was evident with voriconazole and posaconazole at 8 microg/mL. Terbinafine at 8 microg/mL significantly reduced growth of P insidiosum and at > or = 1 microg/mL significantly reduced growth of the Lagenidium sp. Caspofungin and mefenoxam (concentrations > or = 1 microg/mL and > or = 0.025 microg/mL, respectively) significantly reduced growth of both pathogens. Mefenoxam at 0.1 microg/mL caused > 50% growth inhibition in 11 of 12 isolates and at 1 microg/mL caused > 90% inhibition in all isolates. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that the radial growth assay was a simple, reproducible technique for susceptibility testing of P insidiosum and a Lagenidium sp. Azoles had limited activity, whereas terbinafine and caspofungin caused significant but minimal to moderate inhibition. Only mefenoxam had a profound effect on both pathogens at concentrations likely to be achievable in tissues.
