Expert views on screening for tuberculosis infection in patients commencing treatment with a biologic agent.

OBJECTIVE: Many biologic agents cause some degree of immunosuppression, which can increase the risk of reactivation of tuberculosis infection (TBI). This risk is variable between individual biologics. We aimed to assess current (and recommended) clinical practice of TBI screening and treatment among patients initiating treatment with biologic agents. METHODS: An online questionnaire was distributed via email to members of the Global Tuberculosis Network and associated professional organisations to seek insights into the screening for and treatment of TBI in patients treated with biologics. RESULTS: A total of 163 respondents in 27 countries answered at least one question. For all biologics described in the questionnaire, respondents advised increasing screening relative to current practice. Observed and supported TBI screening rates in patients treated with TNF-a inhibitors were high, especially for older TNF-a inhibitors. Most participants supported TBI screening in patients treated with B- or T-cell inhibitors but not in those treated with interleukin inhibitors. Guideline awareness was higher for TNF-a inhibitors than for other biologic classes (79% vs. 34%). CONCLUSIONS: Although respondents stated that TBI screening rates are lower than what they consider ideal, there was a tendency to recommend TBI screening in patients treated with biologics not known to be associated with an increased risk of TBI. As a result, there is a potential risk of over-screening and over-treatment of TBI, potentially causing harm, in patients treated with biologics other than TNF-a inhibitors. There is a need to research the risk of TBI associated with biologics and for guidelines to address the spectrum of TBI risk across all types of biologics.

Tuberculin skin test repetition after TNF-α inhibitors in patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis: a long-term retrospective cohort in endemic area.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the tuberculin skin test (TST) conversion in chronic inflammatory arthropathies (CIA) patients on TNFα inhibitors (TNFi) and without previous latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment. METHODS: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) with negative LTBI were retrospectively evaluated for TST conversion and active tuberculosis (TB) after six months of exposition to TNFi. Two groups were compared: patients who repeated TST (TST-repetition) during the follow-up and patients who did not (non-TST-repetition). RESULTS: A total of 355 CIA patients on TNFi were screened and 138 (38.9%) did not fulfill the inclusion criteria. Of the remaining 217 CIA patients, 81 (37.3%) repeated TST during TNFi treatment. TST conversion rate was observed in 18 (22.2%) patients without significant differences among CIA (p = 0.578). The number of TB cases was low (n = 10; 4.6%) and was similar in TST-repetition and non-TST-repetition groups [2 (2.5%) vs. 8 (5.9%), p = 0.328]. Of note, 30% of active TB occurred early (6-12 months of TNFi exposure) and the median (full range) time to incident TB was 1.3 (0.6-10.6) years, whereas the median (full range) time to TST repetition was later [3.3 (0.5-13.4) years]. The incidence of active TB was lower among RA patients than AS patients [342 (95% CI 41 - 1446) vs. 1.454 (95% CI 594-2993)/100,000 patient-years, p = 0.049]. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that TST repetition is associated with a high conversion rate, suggesting the need for recommended treatment. The delayed repetition of TST and low number of active TB cases hampered the evaluation of this strategy effectiveness to prevent active infection. Larger studies with systematic repetition patterns are necessary. In addition, the study highlights the need for a greater surveillance for TB in AS patients.

LATENT TUBERCULOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH CROHN'S DISEASE IN A UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY.

BACKGROUND: Among chronic condition problems, tuberculosis still represents a serious public health problem globally. OBJECTIVE: To investigate latent tuberculosis infection in patients with Crohn's disease. Retrospective, descriptive cross-sectional study of quantitative analysis. METHODS: The research was conducted on diagnosed cases of Crohn's disease at the University Hospital located in a city in Northeastern Brazil. All cases of patients with Crohn's disease undergoing isoniazid or rifampicin therapy for latent tuberculosis (LTBI) were included in the study. The data obtained were subsequently subjected to statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program. RESULTS: We analyzed 235 medical records, and it was observed that 56% were male, with a mean age of 42.7. Among these, 54% declared themselves as brown, 31% had completed high school, and 47% were residents of the city of Teresina. Regarding the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the studied patients classified as having ILTB, 34% of the medical records were diagnosed by tuberculin test, 48.51% were investigated by x-ray examination, and the recent location affected the colon with 27%. CONCLUSION: Overall, the health profile of the participants in this study aligns with findings previously established in the literature, particularly studies conducted in other Brazilian states, as well as in other developing countries.

Ag85B with c-di-AMP as mucosal adjuvant showed immunotherapeutic effects on persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice.

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains the leading cause of mortality by a single infectious agent in the world. M. tuberculosis infection could also result in clinical chronic infection, known as latent TB infection (LTBI). Compared to the current limited treatment, several subunit vaccines showed immunotherapeutic effects and were included in clinical trials. In this study, a subunit vaccine of Ag85B with a novel mucosal adjuvant c-di-AMP (Ag85B:c-di-AMP) was delivered intranasally to a persistent M. tuberculosis H37Ra infection mouse model, which also presented the asymptomatic characteristics of LTBI. Compared with Ag85B immunization, Ag85B:c-di-AMP vaccination induced stronger humoral immune responses, significantly higher CD4+ T cells recruitment, enhanced Th1/Th2/Th17 profile response in the lung, decreased pathological lesions of the lung, and reduced M. tuberculosis load in mice. Taken together, Ag85B:c-di-AMP mucosal route immunization provided an immunotherapeutic effect on persistent M. tuberculosis H37Ra infection, and c-di-AMP, as a promising potential mucosal adjuvant, could be further used in therapeutic or prophylactic vaccine strategies for persistent M. tuberculosis infection as well as LTBI.

Partial recovery of tuberculosis preventive treatment in Brazil after pandemic drawback.

Brazil was heavily affected by COVID-19 both with death toll and economically, with absence of a centralized Federal Government response. Tuberculosis (TB) notifications decreased in 2020 but partial recovery was observed in 2021. We have previously shown a sharp (93%) reduction in TB preventive treatment notifications among five Brazilian cities with more than 1,000 notifications in 2021. We hypothesized TB preventive treatment would also recover. We updated the previous analysis by adding other cities that hold more than a 1,000 notifications until 2022. Data aggregated by 2-week periods were extracted from the Information System for Notifying People Undergoing Treatment for LTBI (IL-TB). Biweekly percentage change (BPC) of notifications until October 2022 and outcomes until July 2022 (in the two weeks of TB preventive treatment initiation) were analyzed using Joinpoint software. A total of 39,701 notifications in 11 cities were included, 66% from São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We found a significant increase of TB preventive treatment notifications in the beginning of 2021 (BPC range 1.4-49.6), with sustained progression in seven out of the 11 cities. Overall, median completion rates were 65%. In most cities, a gradual and steady decrease of treatment completion rates was found, except for Rio de Janeiro and Manaus (Amazonas State, Brazil), where a BPC of 1.5 and 1.2, respectively, was followed by a sustained increase. Notifications and completion proportions of TB preventive treatment were heterogeneous, which partly reflects the heterogeneity in local response to the pandemic. We found that notifications were recovered, and that the sharp 2021 decrease was no longer observed, which suggests delays in notification. In conclusion, the sharp reductions in TB preventive treatment completion rates in most cities might have been caused by delays in reporting; however, the sustained and progressive decrease are a concern.

Chest Radiograph Screening for Detecting Subclinical Tuberculosis in Asymptomatic Household Contacts, Peru.

The World Health Organization's end TB strategy promotes the use of symptom and chest radiograph screening for tuberculosis (TB) disease. However, asymptomatic early states of TB beyond latent TB infection and active disease can go unrecognized using current screening criteria. We conducted a longitudinal cohort study enrolling household contacts initially free of TB disease and followed them for the occurrence of incident TB over 1 year. Among 1,747 screened contacts, 27 (52%) of the 52 persons in whom TB subsequently developed during follow-up had a baseline abnormal radiograph. Of contacts without TB symptoms, persons with an abnormal radiograph were at higher risk for subsequent TB than persons with an unremarkable radiograph (adjusted hazard ratio 15.62 [95% CI 7.74-31.54]). In young adults, we found a strong linear relationship between radiograph severity and time to TB diagnosis. Our findings suggest chest radiograph screening can extend to detecting early TB states, thereby enabling timely intervention.

Disfunção ventricular grave após início de tratamento para tuberculose latente: miocardite induzida por isoniazida? / Disfunção ventricular grave após início de tratamento para tuberculose latente: miocardite induzida por isoniazida?

INTRODUÇÃO: A miocardite é caracterizada pela esposa inflamatória do miocárdio frente à uma agressão infecciosa ou por ativação do sistema imunológico secundária ao uso de quimioterápicos, periparto e drogas. Estima-se a incidência anual global seja de 22 casos para cada 100.000. O prognóstico pode ser determinado pela gravidade do quadro clínico inicial, pela etiologia e por condições inerentes de cada paciente. Na literatura encontram- -se raros relatos de casos de miocardite induzida pelo uso de Isoniazida ­ uma medicação de uso amplamente difundido no Brasil, visto a alta prevalência de tuberculose. RELATO DE CASO: Masculino, 72 anos, ex-tabagista e portador de DM2. Encaminhado para avaliação por dispneia progressiva e edema generalizado há 3 meses. Refere que há 1 ano foi diagnosticado com tuberculose latente por quadro de sudorese noturna. Após 1 mês de tratamento, evoluiu com icterícia e suspensa a isoniazida por hepatotoxicidade. Nessa mesma ocasião, apresentou síndrome edemigênica e foi diagnosticado com ICFEr com FEVE 14%. Após investigação completa das etiologias da disfunção ventricular, a ressonância magnética demonstra realce tardio de padrão não coronariano mesocárdico, septal médio e basal, sugestivo de fibrose miocárdica, podendo corresponder à miocardiopatia inflamatória prévia. Iniciado tratamento medicamentoso otimizado para ICFEr. DISCUSSÃO: A miocardite é caracterizada pela presença de infiltrado inflamatório associada a degeneração e necrose de cardiomiócitos de origem não isquêmica. A miocardite induzida por drogas é explicada pela hipersensibilidade a componentes quimicamente reativos que se ligam a proteínas causando modificações estruturais, sendo fagocitadas e ocorrendo liberação de interleucina 5, que promove um grande infiltrado eosinofílico levando a lesão miocárdica. A isoniazida faz parte da terapia para tuberculose, tanto ativa como a forma latente, doença muito prevalente no Brasil. CONCLUSÃO: A miocardite, por ser ocasionada por diversas etiologias, muitas vezes assintomáticas durante o curso da doença, possui diagnóstico desafiador e prognóstico distinto. Embora na maioria das vezes de curso autolimitado, pode evoluir com disfunção ventricular, sintomas refratários e até necessidade de transplante cardíaco. Diante disso, a investigação da etiologia, tratamento precoce e acompanhamento especializados são imprescindíveis para redução de desfechos desfavoráveis.

A Mathematical Model for the Impact of 3HP and Social Programme Implementation on the Incidence and Mortality of Tuberculosis: Study in Brazil.

In this paper, we presented a mathematical model for tuberculosis with treatment for latent tuberculosis cases and incorporated social implementations based on the impact they will have on tuberculosis incidence, cure, and recovery. We incorporated two variables containing the accumulated deaths and active cases into the model in order to study the incidence and mortality rate per year with the data reported by the model. Our objective is to study the impact of social program implementations and therapies on latent tuberculosis in particular the use of once-weekly isoniazid-rifapentine for 12 weeks (3HP). The computational experimentation was performed with data from Brazil and for model calibration, we used the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method (MCMC) with a Bayesian approach. We studied the effect of increasing the coverage of social programs, the Bolsa Familia Programme (BFP) and the Family Health Strategy (FHS) and the implementation of the 3HP as a substitution therapy for two rates of diagnosis and treatment of latent at 1% and 5%. Based of the data obtained by the model in the period 2023-2035, the FHS reported better results than BFP in the case of social implementations and 3HP with a higher rate of diagnosis and treatment of latent in the reduction of incidence and mortality rate and in cases and deaths avoided. With the objective of linking the social and biomedical implementations, we constructed two different scenarios with the rate of diagnosis and treatment. We verified with results reported by the model that with the social implementations studied and the 3HP with the highest rate of diagnosis and treatment of latent, the best results were obtained in comparison with the other independent and joint implementations. A reduction of the incidence by 36.54% with respect to the model with the current strategies and coverage was achieved, and a greater number of cases and deaths from tuberculosis was avoided.

Isoniazid use, effectiveness, and safety for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The treatment strategy for latent tuberculosis infection is to reduce the number of tuberculosis cases and consequently reduce the transmission of pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to determine the safety, effectiveness, and adherence of isoniazid use for latent tuberculosis infection treatment. METHODS: To identify studies on isoniazid use for latent tuberculosis infection, five electronic databases were searched. The methods and results are presented in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. RESULTS: Most studies (53) used isoniazid for 9 months. The prevalence of use and adherence to treatment varied considerably (18% to 100%), and were evaluated by participant completion of isoniazid treatment for latent tuberculosis infection. The adverse events most frequently reported were hepatotoxicity, gastric intolerance, and neuropathy; the rates of occurrence ranged from < 1% to 48%. In the studies that evaluated the effectiveness of isoniazid for latent tuberculosis infection, the rate varied from 0 to 19.7% for patients who did not have active tuberculosis after the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: The importance of maintaining follow up for patients using isoniazid should be emphasized due to the risk of developing adverse events. Despite the treatment challenges, the rates of patients who used isoniazid and developed active tuberculosis during the follow-up period were low. We believe that isoniazid continues to contribute to tuberculosis control worldwide, and better care strategies are required.

Screening and treatment of latent tuberculosis in patients with solid tumors and systemic cancer therapy.

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis is one of the infectious diseases with greater morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cancer causes an important immunosuppression with increased risk of infections. There is an enlarged bidirectional incidence between tuberculosis and cancer, mainly due to latent tuberculosis. GUIDELINES REVIEW: There is great discrepancy between recommendations for screening and prophylaxis of latent tuberculosis in patients with solid tumors and systemic cancer therapy among different medical societies and guidelines. Most infectious diseases guidelines recommend it, while most oncology guidelines do not. DISCUSSION: Patients with solid tumours generally have a limited life expectancy and a state of intermittent immunosuppression, resulting in a lower risk of tuberculosis reactivation than other risky populations. There is a lack of prospective and retrospective studies analysing the benefit of screening and prophylaxis in this population. The first step is to study the incidence of active tuberculosis in this population to estimate the real magnitude of the problem.

RATE OF INFECTION (TUBERCULOSIS) IN BRAZILIANS IBD PRIVATE PATIENTS: FOLLOW-UP 15 YEARS.

BACKGROUND: Latent tuberculosis (LTB) is a condition where the patient is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis but does not develop active TB. There's a possibility of tuberculosis (TB) activation following the introduction of anti-TNFs. OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of biological therapy inducing LTB during inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) treatment over 15 years in a high-risk area in Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective study of an IBD patients' database was carried out in a private reference clinic in Brazil. All patients underwent TST testing and chest X-ray prior to treatment, and once a year after starting it. Patients were classified according to the Montreal stratification and risk factors were considered for developing TB. RESULTS: Among the analyzed factors, age and gender were risk factors for LTB. DC (B2 and P) and UC (E2) patients showed a higher number of LTB cases with statistical significance, what was also observed for adalimumab and infliximab users, compared to other medications, and time of exposure to them favored it significantly. Other factors such as enclosed working environment have been reported as risk. CONCLUSION: The risk of biological therapy causing LTB is real, so patients with IBD should be continually monitored. This study reveals that the longer the exposure to anti-TNFs, the greater the risk. BACKGROUND: •Rate of infection (tuberculosis) in Brazilians IBD private patients: follow-up 15 years. BACKGROUND: •Patients treated with immunosuppressants and/or anti-TNFs have a higher risk of developing opportunistic infections, among them the most common is latent tuberculosis or even active tuberculosis. BACKGROUND: •Similar risks may be noted in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). BACKGROUND: •This study reveals that the longer the exposure to anti-TNFs, the greater the risk for de IBD patients. BACKGROUND: •The study demonstrated the importance of monitoring these patients permanently and continuously.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis latent infection in healthcare students: systematic review of prevalence.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to synthesize the evidence on the prevalence of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among undergraduate health care students. METHODS: A systematic review of prevalence with meta-analysis was conducted. Prospective and retrospective cohorts and cross-sectional studies involving probable exposure to M. tuberculosis during undergraduate education, along with the tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) for investigation of latent tuberculosis were searched. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Independent reviewers were responsible for the selection and inclusion of studies. Data were extracted, critically appraised, and synthesized using the JBI approach. PRISMA was used to report the study. RESULTS: Twenty-two studies were analyzed. The overall prevalence in healthcare undergraduate students was 12.53%. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of LTBI in undergraduate health students was high for such a highly educated population. Screening with TST and/or IGRA and chemoprophylaxis, when necessary, should be provided to undergraduate health students when in contact with respiratory symptomatic patients.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Comparing QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus Test and Tuberculin Skin Test for the Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Immunocompetent Subjects in Colombia.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the cost-effectiveness of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) test versus the tuberculin skin test in diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection in immunocompetent subjects in the context of the Colombian healthcare system. METHODS: A hypothetical cohort of 2000 immunocompetent adults vaccinated with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin at birth who are asymptomatic for tuberculosis disease was simulated and included in a decision tree over a horizon of <1 year. The direct healthcare costs related to tests, antituberculosis treatment, and medical care were considered, and diagnostic performance was used as a measure of effectiveness. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was estimated, and univariate deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were carried out using 5000 simulations. The currency was the US dollar for the year 2022, with a cost-effectiveness threshold of $6666 USD (1 gross domestic product per capita for 2022). RESULTS: QFT-Plus was cost-effective with an ICER of $5687 USD for each correctly diagnosed case relative to a threshold of $6666 USD. In the deterministic analysis, QFT-Plus was cost-effective in half of the proposed scenarios. The variable that most affected the ICER was the prevalence of latent tuberculosis and test sensitivities. In the probabilistic analysis, QFT-Plus was cost-effective in 54.74% of the simulated scenarios, and tuberculin skin test was dominant in 13.84%. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides evidence of the cost-effectiveness of QFT-Plus compared with the tuberculin skin test in diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection in immunocompetent adults in the Colombian context.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis latent infection in healthcare students: systematic review of prevalence / Infecção latente por Mycobacterium tuberculosis em estudantes da área da saúde: revisão sistemática de prevalência / Infección latente por Mycobacterium tuberculosis en estudiantes de la salud: revisión sistemática de la prevalencia

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to synthesize the evidence on the prevalence of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among undergraduate health care students. Methods: A systematic review of prevalence with meta-analysis was conducted. Prospective and retrospective cohorts and cross-sectional studies involving probable exposure to M. tuberculosis during undergraduate education, along with the tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) for investigation of latent tuberculosis were searched. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Independent reviewers were responsible for the selection and inclusion of studies. Data were extracted, critically appraised, and synthesized using the JBI approach. PRISMA was used to report the study. Results: Twenty-two studies were analyzed. The overall prevalence in healthcare undergraduate students was 12.53%. Conclusion: The prevalence of LTBI in undergraduate health students was high for such a highly educated population. Screening with TST and/or IGRA and chemoprophylaxis, when necessary, should be provided to undergraduate health students when in contact with respiratory symptomatic patients.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi sintetizar as evidências sobre a prevalência de infecção de Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ILTB) entre estudantes de graduação da área da saúde. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de prevalência com metanálise. Coortes prospectivas e retrospectivas e estudos transversais envolvendo provável exposição a M. tuberculosis durante a graduação, juntamente com o teste tuberculínico (TT) ou ensaio de liberação de interferon-γ (IGRA) para investigação de tuberculose latente foram pesquisados. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, Scopus e Web of Science. Revisores independentes foram responsáveis pela seleção e inclusão dos estudos. Os dados foram extraídos, avaliados criticamente e sintetizados utilizando a abordagem JBI. PRISMA foi usado para relatar o estudo. Resultados: Vinte e dois estudos foram analisados. A prevalência geral em estudantes de graduação da área da saúde foi de 12,53%. Conclusão: A prevalência de ILTB em estudantes de graduação em saúde foi alta para uma população com alto nível de escolaridade. Triagem com TT e/ou IGRA e quimioprofilaxia, quando necessária, deve ser fornecida aos estudantes de graduação da área da saúde quando em contato com pacientes sintomáticos respiratórios.

RESUMEN Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue sintetizar la evidencia sobre la prevalencia de infección latente por Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ILTB) entre estudiantes universitarios de la salud. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la prevalencia con metanálisis. Cohortes prospectivas y retrospectivas y estudios transversales que involucran exposición probable a M tuberculosis durante la educación universitaria, junto con la prueba cutánea de tuberculina (TST) o el ensayo de liberación de interferón-γ (IGRA) para la investigación de tuberculosis latente. Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, Scopus y Web of Science. Revisores independientes fueron responsables de la selección e inclusión de los estudios. Los datos se extrajeron, se evaluaron críticamente y se sintetizaron utilizando el enfoque JBI. Se utilizó PRISMA para informar el estudio. Resultados: Se analizaron veintidós estudios. La prevalencia global en estudiantes universitarios en salud fue del 12,53%. Conclusión: La prevalencia de LTBI en estudiantes universitarios de salud fue alta para una población con un nivel educativo tan alto. Se debe proporcionar tamizaje con TST y/o IGRA y quimioprofilaxis, cuando sea necesario, a los estudiantes universitarios en salud cuando estén en contacto con pacientes sintomáticos respiratorios.

Situação epidemiológica e operacional da tuberculose no Estado de Goiás / Epidemiological and operational situation of tuberculosis in the State of Goiás

A tuberculose é uma doenças causada por uma bactéria denominada Mycobacterium tuberculoses ou Bacilo de Koch. Estima-se que a bactéria causadora tenha evoluído há 15.000 ou 20.000 anos, a partir de outras bactérias do gênero Mycobacterium.Esse relatório tem o objetivo de apresentar e descrever a situação epidemiológica e operacional da tuberculose no Estado de Goiás com os dados da base de dados referentes aos casos notificados atpe o ano de 2023. Foram utilizados as bases de ddos do Sistema de Informaçãoes de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN-NET), do Sistema de Informação de Tratamentos Especiais para Tuberculose (SITE-TB) e do Sistema de Notificação dos casos de Infecção Latente de Tuberculose (SILT)

Tuberculosis is a disease caused by a bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Koch's Bacillus. It is estimated that the causative bacteria evolved 15,000 or 20,000 years ago, from other bacteria of the Mycobacterium genus. This report aims to present and describe the epidemiological and operational situation of tuberculosis in the State of Goiás with data from the database data referring to cases reported up to the year 2023. The databases of the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN-NET), the Special Treatments Information System for Tuberculosis (SITE-TB) and the Notification System were used. of cases of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (SILT)

Fatores associados à Infecção latente pelo Mycobacterium Tuberculosis em Profissionais de Saúde da Atenção Primária / Factors associated with latent Mycobacterium Tuberculosis infection in primary care health professionals / Factores asociados a la Infección Latente por Mycobacterium Tuberculosis en Profesionales de Salud de Atención Primaria

Objetivo: Objetivo: analisar na literatura científica os fatores associados à infecção latente pelo Mycobacterium Tuberculosis em profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura, com coleta realizada entre novembro e dezembro de 2021. Considerou-se como critérios de inclusão: Estudos primários relacionados à temática e que incluam os seguintes profissionais: enfermeiros, médicos, dentistas, técnicos de enfermagem e técnicos de saúde bucal, sem delimitação temporal e de idiomas. Foram critérios de exclusão: estudos oriundos de opiniões de especialistas, editoriais, trabalhos de conclusão de curso, monografias, dissertações e teses. As bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, Medline, Scopus; Web of Science e Embase foram utilizadas. Resultados: foram selecionados nove estudos, que apresentaram os fatores associados idade, sexo e presença de doenças crônicas, estilo de vida e condições de trabalho. Conclusão: foi possível analisar os fatores associados à ILTB, o que poderá subsidiar a realização de políticas públicas mais assertivas e contribuir para o controle deste agravo(AU)

Objective: to analyze in the scientific literature the factors associated with latent infection by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Primary Health Care professionals. Method: integrative review of the literature, with collection carried out between November and December 2021. The inclusion criteria were considered: Primary studies related to the theme and which include the following professionals: nurses, doctors, dentists, nursing technicians and oral health technicians, without time or language limitations. Exclusion criteria were: studies originating from expert opinions, editorials, course completion works, monographs, dissertations and theses. The Virtual Health Library, Medline, Scopus databases; Web of Science and Embase were used. Results: nine studies were selected, which presented factors associated with age, sex and presence of chronic diseases, lifestyle and working conditions. Conclusion: it was possible to analyze the factors associated with LTBI, which could support the implementation of more assertive public policies and contribute to the control of this problem(AU)

Objetivo: analizar en la literatura científica los factores asociados a la infección latente por Mycobacterium Tuberculosis en profesionales de la Atención Primaria de Salud. Método: revisión integradora de la literatura, con recolección realizada entre noviembre y diciembre de 2021. Se consideraron como criterios de inclusión los estudios primarios relacionados con el tema y que incluyan a los siguientes profesionales: enfermeros, médicos, odontólogos, técnicos en enfermería y técnicos en salud bucal, sin limitaciones de tiempo ni de idioma. Los criterios de exclusión fueron: estudios provenientes de opiniones de expertos, editoriales, trabajos de finalización de cursos, monografías, disertaciones y tesis. Se utilizaron para las investigaciones: Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, Medline, Scopus; Web of Science y Embase. Resultados: se seleccionaron nueve estudios que presentaron factores asociados a la edad, sexo y presencia de enfermedades crónicas, estilo de vida y condiciones de trabajo. Conclusión: fue posible analizar los factores asociados a la ITBL, que podrían apoyar la implementación de políticas públicas más asertivas y contribuir al control de este problema(AU)