[Mesectodermal leiomyoma. Unusual tumor of the ciliary body]. / Leiomioma mesoectodérmico. Un tumor poco frecuente del cuerpo ciliar.

BACKGROUND: Mesectodermal leiomyoma is a benign tumor of smooth muscle of the ciliary body, which is derived from the neural crest. CLINICAL CASE: We report the case of a 35-year-old Mexican woman with visually impaired and blurred vision of the right eye of 2 months duration. The clinical and imaging presuntional diagnosis was adenoma of the non pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body and it was surgically resected. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of cells with round nuclei and scant cytoplasm without atypia or mitosis, arranged in a fibrillary background. The immunohistochemical markers for vimentin, muscle specific actin, smooth muscle actin and calponin were strongly positive in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells, while for glial fibrillary acidic protein and S-100 protein were negative in the same cellular population. CONCLUSIONS: Mesectodermal leiomyoma of the ciliary body is benign tumor of smooth muscle extremely rare in this location. Until now, there are just 25 previous reported cases in the literature and, the main differential diagnosis is uveal malignant melanoma, therefore some eyes were enucleated. The ultrabiomicroscopy, A and B-scan imaging studies are useful in the evaluation, however, is mandatory the microsocpic examination with routine and histochemical stains as well as the use of immunohistochemical markers such as vimentin, specific muscle actin, smooth muscle actin andcalponin to stablish the smooth muscle origin of this neoplasm, and rule out other malignant neoplams such as malignant melanoma.

Antecedentes: el leiomioma mesoectodérmico es un tumor benigno excepcional que se origina en el músculo liso del cuerpo ciliar y deriva de la cresta neural. Caso clínico: se comunica el caso de una mujer de 35 años, con disminución de la agudeza visual y visión borrosa de 2 meses de evolución en el ojo derecho. El diagnóstico presuncional clínico e imagenológico fue: adenoma del epitelio no pigmentado del cuerpo ciliar, por lo que se resecó quirúrgicamente. Microscópicamente, el tumor estaba formado por células de núcleos redondos de escaso citoplasma sin atipia ni mitosis, dispuestas en una matriz fibrilar. Los inmunomarcadores para vimentina, actina músculo específica, actina de músculo liso y calponina fueron todos positivos en el citoplasma de las células neoplásicas, excepto de los inmunomarcadores para la proteína ácida gliofibrilar y la proteína S-100 que resultaron negativos en la misma población celular. Conclusiones: el leiomioma mesoectodérmico del cuerpo ciliar es un tumor benigno de músculo liso extremadamente raro en esta localización. Hasta el momento, sólo hay 25 casos informados en la bibliografía médica y su principal diagnóstico diferencial es melanoma uveal, motivo por el que algunos ojos se enuclearon. Los estudios de ultrabiomicroscopia y ecografía modos A y B son útiles en la evaluación; sin embargo, es obligado el estudio microscópico con tinciones de rutina, y el uso de marcadores inmunohistoquímicos, como los utilizados en este caso para establecer la naturaleza del músculo liso de esta neoplasia y descartar algunas otras, como el melanoma.

Atypical leiomyoma: An unusual variant of cutaneous pilar leiomyoma.

Cutaneous atypical leiomyoma is an unusual benign tumor arising from arrector pili muscle that shares histological features with uterine atypical or symplastic leiomyoma: atypical cellularity with pleomorphic nuclei but minimal or no mitosis. Six other cases have been reported so far and, in spite of its name and of being a smooth muscle proliferation, no recurrences nor metastasis have been reported.

Galactosaminoglycans from normal myometrium and leiomyoma

In many tumors, the amount of chondroitin sulfate in the extracellular matrix has been shown to be elevated when compared to the corresponding normal tissue. Nevertheless, the degree of chondroitin sulfate increase varies widely. In order to investigate a possible correlation between the amount of chondroitin sulfate and tumor size, several individual specimens of human leiomyoma, a benign uterine tumor, were analyzed. The glycosaminoglycans from eight tumors were extracted and compared with those from the respective adjacent normal myometrium. The main glycosaminoglycan found in normal myometrium was dermatan sulfate, with small amounts of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate. In leiomyoma, both dermatan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate were detected and the total amounts of the two galactosaminoglycans was increased in all tumors when compared to normal tissue. In contrast, the heparan sulfate concentration decreased in the tumor. To assess the disaccharide composition of galactosaminoglycans, these compounds were incubated with bacterial chondroitinases AC and ABC. The amounts of L-iduronic acid-containing disaccharides remained constant, whereas the concentration of D-glucuronic acid-containing disaccharides increased from 2 to 10 times in the tumor, indicating that D-glucuronic acid-containing disaccharides are responsible for the elevation in galactosaminoglycan concentration. This increase is positively correlated with tumor size

Galactosaminoglycans from normal myometrium and leiomyoma.

In many tumors, the amount of chondroitin sulfate in the extracellular matrix has been shown to be elevated when compared to the corresponding normal tissue. Nevertheless, the degree of chondroitin sulfate increase varies widely. In order to investigate a possible correlation between the amount of chondroitin sulfate and tumor size, several individual specimens of human leiomyoma, a benign uterine tumor, were analyzed. The glycosaminoglycans from eight tumors were extracted and compared with those from the respective adjacent normal myometrium. The main glycosaminoglycan found in normal myometrium was dermatan sulfate, with small amounts of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate. In leiomyoma, both dermatan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate were detected and the total amounts of the two galactosaminoglycans was increased in all tumors when compared to normal tissue. In contrast, the heparan sulfate concentration decreased in the tumor. To assess the disaccharide composition of galactosaminoglycans, these compounds were incubated with bacterial chondroitinases AC and ABC. The amounts of L-iduronic acid-containing disaccharides remained constant, whereas the concentration of D-glucuronic acid-containing disaccharides increased from 2 to 10 times in the tumor, indicating that D-glucuronic acid-containing disaccharides are responsible for the elevation in galactosaminoglycan concentration. This increase is positively correlated with tumor size.

Isolation of a proliferation inhibitor factor from uterine myomatosis fibroblasts.

In this work, we report the isolation of a factor from the culture supernatant of confluent fibroblasts from human cervix with the diagnosis of uterine myomatosis. This factor possesses the capacity to inhibit the proliferation of normal fibroblasts. The proliferation inhibitor factor (PIF) was purified from the culture supernatant by precipitation with 80% ammonium sulfate, and by molecular sieve chromatography. Our results indicate that PIF is a protein of 23 kDa, which is highly sensitive to trypsin treatment, and is thermolabile, since temperatures equal to, or above, 60 degrees C eliminate the protein activity in 15 to 20 min. Western blot analyses identified no cross reactions of the purified PIF with TGF-alpha, TNFalpha, IFNgamma, or IL-1beta, suggesting that PIF is a new protein belonging to the group of factors secreted by fibroblasts able to inhibit cellular proliferation.

Myofibroma of gingiva: report of a case with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study.

Oral myofibroma is an uncommon, benign, solitary proliferation of myofibroblastic tissue. Few cases affecting maxillofacial region have been reported. We present a case of gingival myofibroma, diagnosed on clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural basis.

[Quantification of deoxyribonucleic acid and collagen as biological markers in uterine leiomyoma]. / Cuantificación de ácido desoxirribonucléico y colágena como marcadores bioquímicos de leiomiomatosis uterina.

The uterine leiomyomas (UL) are tumors compound by smooth muscle connective tissue. Growth depends mainly of two basic mechanisms: hypertrophy of myometrial cells and connective tissue deposit. The quantification of the basic elements of the tumor permits to try its application as biochemical markers of disease, auxiliary diagnostic criteria, or in medical therapeutical monitorization, alternative that lately has become very important. In the present study 33 patients are included, in two groups. Group I women with uterine leiomyomatosis (n = 17) and Group II (n = 16) without UL. A prospective, double blind, transversal of cases and control study. Connective tissue concentration was evaluated based on collagen determination. The evaluation of muscular tissue was done by desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) measurement. The results showed a significant increase in connective tissue concentration (until 500%) and a significant diminution of cellularity (DNA) in women with UL, as compared with control group. The main biochemical and clinical implications of these findings, are commented upon.

[Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST): morphologic and immunohistochemical study of 10 cases]. / Tumor estromal gastrointestinal (TEGI): estudo morfológico e imunohistoquímico de dez casos.

To study the histogenesis of spindle and epithelioid cell tumors of gastrointestinal tract we evaluated ten cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) previously classified as leiomyomas (6 cases) and leiomyosarcomas (4 cases). The cases were studied by morphological and immunohistochemistry procedures with search of three markers: muscle specific actin (HHF-35), vimentin and S-100 protein. All tumors showed vimentin positivity. Muscle differentiation was demonstrated in three cases (33.3%), all of them benign. One tumor, in small intestine, displayed S-100 protein positivity. The results showed that the GIST represent a heterogeneous group of tumors, most of which consist of primitive mesenchymal cells.