Neonatal intensive care unit lighting: update and recommendations. / Iluminación en unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales: actualización y recomendaciones.

Achieving adequate lighting in neonatal intensive care units is a major challenge: in addition to the usual considerations of visual performance, cost, energy and aesthetics, there appear different biological needs of patients, health care providers and family members. Communicational aspects of light, its role as a facilitator of the visual function of doctors and nurses, and its effects on the newborn infant physiology and development were addressed in order to review the effects of light (natural and artificial) within neonatal care with a focus on development. The role of light in regulating the newborn infant circadian cycle in particular and the therapeutic use of light in general were also reviewed. For each aspect, practical recommendations were specified for a proper well-lit environment in neonatal intensive care units.

Lograr una iluminación adecuada en las unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales es un gran desafío: además de las consideraciones habituales de rendimiento visual, costo, energía y estética, aparecen las diferentes necesidades biológicas de los pacientes, profesionales y familiares. Con el objetivo de revisar los efectos de la luz (natural y artificial) en el marco del cuidado neonatal centrado en el desarrollo, se abordaron los aspectos comunicacionales de la luz, su rol como facilitador de la función visual de los profesionales y sus efectos sobre la fisiología y el desarrollo del neonato. También se revisó el papel de la luz en la regulación del ciclo circadiano del neonato en particular y el uso terapéutico de la luz en general. Para cada aspecto, se especificaron recomendaciones prácticas para lograr un ambiente luminoso adecuado en las unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales.

Assessment of the light intensity of otoscopes utilized in teaching hospitals / Avaliação da intensidade da luz dos otoscópios em hospitais-escola

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: To attain an accurate otoscopic diagnosis, a functioning device with adequate capacity must be used. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the light intensity of otoscopes, comparing it utilizing the batteries present at the moment of calibration and after new batteries were supplied. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of a historical cohort, which assessed 38 otoscopes, measuring the light intensity with the batteries present at the moment of assessment compared to the intensity with new batteries, as well as charge of the test batteries and the new batteries. RESULTS: The mean of the sum of new batteries' charge was 3.19 V, and of the test batteries was 2.70 V, representing a decrease of 18.02% in charge. The mean luminosity with the new batteries was 366.89 lumens, whereas in the test batteries it was 188.32 lumens, representing a decrease of 83.75% in the light intensity. Student's t-test was applied for data comparison, showing a statistical difference between the light intensity with the original batteries and the new batteries (p = 0.0001; CI = 0.95). CONCLUSION: There was a statistically significant difference between the proportions of light intensity in the otoscopes. A small variation in battery charge results in a great variation in light.

RESUMO Introdução: Para a realização de um diagnóstico otoscópico preciso deve-se utilizar um aparelho funcionando com uma capacidade adequada. Objetivo: Avaliar a intensidade luminosa dos otoscópios comparando a intensidade da luz comas pilhas encontradas no momento da aferição e com pilhas novas. Método: Estudo de coorte histórica com corte transversal, onde foram analisados 38 otoscópios, sendo realizada a aferição da qualidade luminosa com a pilha utilizada e comparado com uma pilha nova, e a aferição da carga das pilhas novas e em utilização no momento do exame. Resultados: A média da soma das cargas das pilhas novas foi de 3,19 V, e a das pilhas testes foi de 2,70 V, representando decréscimo de 18,02% na carga das pilhas. A média da luminosidade comas pilhas novas foi de 366.89 lúmens, e com a pilha teste foi de 188.32 lúmens, representando decréscimo de 83,75% na intensidade luminosa. Foi aplicado o teste T para comparação entre os dados, onde percebe-se diferença estatística entre a intensidade luminosa com pilhas testes e novas (p = 0,0000; IC = 0,95). Conclusão: Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a proporção de intensidade da luz dos otoscópios. Uma pequena variação da pilha proporciona uma grande variação na luz.

Assessment of the light intensity of otoscopes utilized in teaching hospitals.

INTRODUCTION: To attain an accurate otoscopic diagnosis, a functioning device with adequate capacity must be used. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the light intensity of otoscopes, comparing it utilizing the batteries present at the moment of calibration and after new batteries were supplied. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of a historical cohort, which assessed 38 otoscopes, measuring the light intensity with the batteries present at the moment of assessment compared to the intensity with new batteries, as well as charge of the test batteries and the new batteries. RESULTS: The mean of the sum of new batteries' charge was 3.19V, and of the test batteries was 2.70V, representing a decrease of 18.02% in charge. The mean luminosity with the new batteries was 366.89lumens, whereas in the test batteries it was 188.32lumens, representing a decrease of 83.75% in the light intensity. Student's t-test was applied for data comparison, showing a statistical difference between the light intensity with the original batteries and the new batteries (p=0.0001; CI=0.95). CONCLUSION: There was a statistically significant difference between the proportions of light intensity in the otoscopes. A small variation in battery charge results in a great variation in light.

Evaluación de los factores ergoambientales en una institución de educación infantil / Environmental ergonomic factors in an institution childhood education

Se presenta un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, cuantitativo y de observación directa en el que se evalúan los factores ergoambientales tales como iluminación, ruido y temperatura, al igual que el entorno físico dado por el mobiliario, áreas internas y externas, en las instalaciones de una institución de educación infantil. Se utiliza equipo de medición como el luxómetro EXTECH, sonómetro Quest modelo 1100 tipo 1, termómetro ambiental QUESTemp 34 y un flexómetro Tajima G-Lock de 10 metros. Se analizan los criterios de las Normas Oficiales Mexicanas y del Instituto Nacional de la Infraestructura Física y Educativa comparándolos con los resultados. Se encuentra que la iluminación en las aulas incumple con los parámetros de la norma. La temperatura se detecta normal y el nivel de ruido es crítico en ciertas horas de la mañana. Se recomienda realizar el estudio en épocas de frío y calor extremo respectivamente para determinar si los parámetros son los correctos. Cambiar el tipo de iluminación y mobiliario en los salones de clases y taller de juegos así como establecer programas preventivos de mantenimiento para disminuir el ruido. De igual manera, aplicar este estudio en otras escuelas de iniciación infantil.

An exploratory, descriptive, quantitative and direct observation study is presented, in which environmental ergonomic factors such as illumination, noise and temperature, as the the physical environment given by furniture, indoor and outdoor areas are evaluated in the facilities of a childhood education institution. Measuring equipment as the light meter EXTECH, sound level meter Quest Model 1100 Type 1, environmental thermometer QUESTemp 34 and a tape measure Tajima G-Lock of 10 meters. Criteria of Mexican Official Standards and the National Institute of Physical Education Infrastructure are analyzed and compared with the results. It is found that the illumination in classrooms violates the standard parameters. Normal temperature is detected and the noise level is critical in certain hours of the morning. It is recommended to perform the study in times of extreme heat and cold respectively to determine if the parameters are correct. Changing the type of illumination and furniture in classrooms and game workshops and establishing preventive maintenance programs to reduce noise as well. In a like manner, apply this study to other schools of child initiation.

Lighting in the shackling area: conciliating broiler welfare with labor comfort

The objective of this study was to investigate if blue lighting could reduce broiler stress and comply with legal labor comfort requirements in a new shackling area of a middle-size processing plant. In this study, the old shackling area was compared with the new area, where a blue lighting system was designed and implemented according to the regulations. The old and new areas were video- and audio-recorded during the shackling of 33,850 broilers in each area. Data were statistically analyzed using the non-parametric test of Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney (w test).The results indicated 56% reduction in wing-flapping and 3.2% noise reduction in the new area. These results were obtained by increasing 119% lighting at the work stations in the shackling area, allowing workers to handle the birds more carefully, which may improve processing plant productivity. The study demonstrated that it is possible to conciliate better animal welfare with visual comfort for workers in the shackling area.(AU)

Lighting in the shackling area: conciliating broiler welfare with labor comfort

The objective of this study was to investigate if blue lighting could reduce broiler stress and comply with legal labor comfort requirements in a new shackling area of a middle-size processing plant. In this study, the old shackling area was compared with the new area, where a blue lighting system was designed and implemented according to the regulations. The old and new areas were video- and audio-recorded during the shackling of 33,850 broilers in each area. Data were statistically analyzed using the non-parametric test of Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney (w test).The results indicated 56% reduction in wing-flapping and 3.2% noise reduction in the new area. These results were obtained by increasing 119% lighting at the work stations in the shackling area, allowing workers to handle the birds more carefully, which may improve processing plant productivity. The study demonstrated that it is possible to conciliate better animal welfare with visual comfort for workers in the shackling area.

Biossegurança em Biblioteconomia: uma abordagem para conservação de acervos, profissionais e usuários em bibliotecas / Biosafety in Librarianship: an approach to conservation of collections, professionals and users in libraries

A conservação dos acervos em bibliotecas é assunto comum entre profissionais e pesquisadores, interessados na preservação do conteúdo informacional ali presente.A maioria dos trabalhos direciona sua atenção apenas ao acervo, deixando de lado questões inerentes à saúde e à segurança dos profissionais e usuários frequentadores de seu espaço físico. Isso é o que nos leva a investigar e propor ouso do conceito de Biossegurança para a Biblioteconomia associada a uma política de preservação mais abrangente, onde haja continuidade da informação,manutenção dos suportes e da qualidade de vida daqueles que trabalham ou convivem na biblioteca. Observa-se a ausência de reflexão sobre este último aspecto na literatura da área e que tais informações poderiam minimizar o afastamento de profissionais de seus postos de trabalho por doenças que podem ser prevenidas no desempenho profissional. Há necessidade de indicação das adaptações, possíveis, no tocante aos itens destas políticas e a sinalização de aspectos de segurança/percepção de risco para acervos e frequentadores. Através da apresentação destas informações, pretendemos demonstrar a falta de Políticas de Preservação também preocupadas com a Saúde Ocupacional nas bibliotecas e que tais adaptações são possíveis através de orientações mínimas de segurança,além de possibilitar um tema para discussão profissional sobre a necessidade da Biossegurança ser atenção constante no “fazer” bibliotecário...

The conservation of collections in libraries is a common issue among professionalsand researchers, interesting at the preservation of the informational content present.The most of jobs directs your attention only to the collections, leaving questions like:health and security of the professional and users goers at physical space. This iswhat led us to investigate and propose the use the concept of Biosafety forLibrarianship associated with the broader policy of preservation, where there iscontinuity of information, maintenance of the supports and the quality of life of thosewho work or live in the library. Note the absence of reflection on this aspect in theliterature and that such information could minimize the removal of its professionalstheir jobs by diseases that can be prevented in professional’s performance. There isa need to indicate adaptations with regard to items such policies and the signalingaspects of safety/risk perception and collections goers. Through the presentation ofthis information, we intend to demonstrate the lack of preservation policies alsoconcerned with occupational health in libraries in which these adjustments arepossible made by minimal safety guidelines, besides enabling a theme forprofessional discussion about the need for Biosafety being constant attention to the“make” librarian...

Avaliação das condições ergonômicas em unidades de alimentação e nutrição do município de Caxias do Sul, RS / Evaluation of ergonomic conditions in units of food and nutrition in the city of Caxias do Sul, RS

Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição (UAN) caracteriza-se por apresentar trabalho intensivo onde frequentemente exige-se dos funcionários alta produtividade em tempo limitado, porém muitas vezes em condições inadequadas de serviço com problemas de ambiente, equipamentos e processos. Tais condições acabam levando a insatisfações, cansaços excessivos, queda de produtividade, problemas de saúde e acidentes de trabalho. Logo, a ergonomia objetiva modificar os sistemas de trabalho, a fim de adequar a(s) atividade(s) às características, habilidades e limitações das pessoas, visando o desempenho mais eficiente, confortável e seguro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar as condições ergonômicas em vinte e seis Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição do Município de Caxias do Sul. Foi realizado um estudo transversal, onde os dados foram coletados durante o período de setembro a outubro de 2011. Durante a pesquisa, utilizou-se um checklist baseado na Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho (AET) que foi aplicado nas Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição com as seguintes variáveis relevantes: condições ergonômicas, condições físicas, químicas e ambientais. Após a coleta, os dados foram computados com a utilização do software SPSS V.10.0, em formato de tabelas, gráficos e estatísticas descritivas. Constatou-se que os aspectos como umidade relativa do ar e luminosidade ambiente apresentaram não conformidade em comparação aos valores referenciais utilizados. Portanto, a ergonomia é cada vez mais importante dentro das UAN's, contribuindo para a obtenção da melhoria das condições de trabalho e consequentemente a qualidade devida dos colaboradores. (AU)

The Food and Nutrition. Unit (FNU) is characterized by presenting intensive work where frequently it isrequired of employees to achieve high productivity in a limited amount of time, however, in most of the times, under inadequate working conditions with problems in the work environment, processes and equipments. Such conditions end up leading to dissatisfaction, excessive fatigue, decrease in productivity, health problems and occupational accidents. Therefore, ergonomics aims to modify work systems, in order to suit the activities to individual features, skills and limitations, seeking to attain the safest,most efficient and comfortable performance. This research 's objective was to verify the ergonomic conditions in twenty six Food and Nutrition Units in the city of Caxias do Sul. A cross-sectional study was conducted, in which data were collected during the period of September until October of 2011. During the research, it was used a check-list based on the Labor Ergonomic Analysis (LEA), which was applied in the Food and Nutrition Units with the following relevant variables: ergonomic conditions, physical, chemical and environmental conditions. After the collection, the data were computed with the use of SPSS v.l0.0 software, and turned into the form of tables, graphs and descriptive statistics. It was found that certain aspects, such as relative humidity of the air and ambient light presented unconformities in comparison to reference values utilized. For that reason, ergonomics is becoming more and more important inside the FNUs, contributing to the achievement of better working conditions and consequently, improved life quality and wellbeing for all the workers. (AU)

Analysis on the relationship between the school furniture and the work surface lighting and the body posture of public Middle School students from João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of school furniture and work surface lighting on the body posture of two public Middle School students from Paraíba (Brazil). The target population included 8th grade groups involving 31 students. Brazilian standards for lighting levels, the CEBRACE standards for furniture measurements and the Postural Assessment Software (SAPO) for the postural misalignment assay were adopted for the measurements comparison. The statistic analysis includes analyses of parametric and non-parametric correlations. The results show that the students' most affected parts of the body were the spine, the regions of the knees and head and neck and about 90% of the students presented postural misalignment. The lighting levels were usually found below 300 lux, below recommended levels. Such results indicate the need of investments in more suitable school furniture and structural reforms aimed at improving the lighting in the classrooms, which could fulfill the students' profile and reduce their complaints.

Luminarias en estomatología y su reparación óptico–oftalmológica / Lighting in stomatology and its optic-opthalmologic repairing

Se realizó un estudio observacional de carácter descriptivo a 55 estomatólogos de la clínica estomatológica docente General Manuel de Jesús Cedeño, Bayamo, Granma; con el objetivo de evaluar las luminarias y su repercusión óptico oftalmológica en cuanto a la visión cromática de afecciones oculares. La intensidad de la luz se obtuvo en los puestos de trabajo, cumpliéndose para ello las normas nacionales. Se determinó 10.7 por ciento de visión cromática y 23.1 por ciento de visión de contraste alterado. En solamente 4 por ciento de las luminarias en el plato y 16 por ciento intrabucal fue adecuado. Las afecciones oftalmológicas más frecuentes fueron las retinopatías arterioscleróticas, trombosis de la vena central de la retina (VCR) y el glaucoma, concluyendo en el estudio que existe una relación directa, entre las afecciones y la falta de iluminación en las áreas de trabajo de los estomatólogos, recomendamos por ello la revisión de las normas nacionales de iluminación en Estomatología(AU)

Diagnóstico de cumplimiento del D.S. N° 594/1999 MINSAL en Fundición y Refinería Ventanas, Area de Refinería Electrolítica / D.S. N° 594 Diagnostic in Ventana's Foundry and Refinery: electrolitic' area

El principal objetivo de este trabajo fue diagnosticar el cumplimiento de las condiciones sanitarias y ambientales básicas de trabajo en el área de Refinería Electrolítica, Máquina de Fabricación de Cátodos Iniciales y Planta de Tratamiento de Electrolito.Se realizaron muestreos ambientales consistentes en medir la acidez del aire, además, se realizaron mediciones con el equipo de estrés calórico y con el luxómetro, observando además, a un trabajador para calcular el costo energético de una tarea particular, Inspector de Corto Circuíto. Para la Máquina de Fabricación de Cátodos Iniciales sólo se hicieron mediciones sobre iluminación.

Ergonomia na empresa / Ergonomics in the enterprise

Este material foi elaborado através de pesquisas baseadas em informaçöes bibliográficas e dados de levantamentos antropométricos realizados em várias empresas. Apresenta conceitos e definiçöes de Ergonomia; estudos de Postos de Trabalho, Iluminaçäo, Ruído e Temperatura; Coluna Vertebral e cuidados no Levantamento e Transporte Manual de Pesos; Antropometria e Biomecânica; Estatística; Elaboraçäo e Desenvolvimento de um Trabalho de Ergonomia

Riesgos del ambiente de trabajo: manual de educación obrera

Describe en forma ordenada y comprensible, los distintos riesgos a los que puede estar expuesto el trabajador, sin precisar ninguna actividad en particular. Está dirigido a todos los trabajadores para el conocimiento de la higiene y seguridad en el trabajo. Propone el método de discusión en grupos

Seguridad industrial y saneamiento basico en lugares de trabajo

Acorde con el Plan de salud en desarrollo por Convenio con la OMS se preparo este manual para el entrenamiento del personal del Ministerio de Salud y de las industrias locales. Normas de higiene en el trabajo , conservacion del ambiente, equipos de proteccion personal, saneamiento basico de los locales de trabajo

Seguridad industrial y saneamiento basico en lugares de trabajo

Acorde con el Plan de salud en desarrollo por Convenio con la OMS se preparo este manual para el entrenamiento del personal del Ministerio de Salud y de las industrias locales. Normas de higiene en el trabajo , conservacion del ambiente, equipos de proteccion personal, saneamiento basico de los locales de trabajo