Escleroterapia em lesões vasculares de boca: relato de dois casos clínicos / Sclerotherapy in vascular lesions of the mouth: report of two clinical cases

O hemangioma é uma neoplasia de comportamento benigno, determinada pela proliferação anormal de vasos sanguíneos. São lesões assintomáticas, porém, seu crescimento progressivo pode acarretar danos traumáticos locais, ocasionando dor, ulcerações e até sangramentos, que, dependendo da localização, se tornam de difícil controle, principalmente quando de natureza arterial. Com considerável incidência na região de cabeça e pescoço e na cavidade bucal, acomete mais frequentemente a região de mucosa jugal, lábios e língua. Tendo em vista a sua relevância clínica, por estar presente na sua área de atuação e ser relativamente comum, o conhecimento acerca dessa neoplasia benigna é de fundamental importância ao cirurgião-dentista. Entre os recursos terapêuticos, a escleroterapia química tem sido empregada, apresentando resultados satisfatórios tanto clínicos quanto estéticos. Objetivo: apresentar as características clínicas do hemangioma, os métodos de diagnóstico e o tratamento realizado por meio de escleroterapia química. Relato de caso: são descritos dois casos clínicos de hemangiomas, diagnosticados em duas pacientes do sexo feminino, localizados um em lábio superior e outro em mucosa jugal, tratados por meio de injeção de solução esclerosante. Considerações finais: em ambos os casos, foi possível proporcionar a involução das lesões mediante procedimentos não cirúrgicos, favorecendo, no período pós-operatório, o conforto e a estética, demonstrando a eficiência e a segurança na utilização do oleato de monoetanolamina a 5% (Ethamolin ®). (AU)

Hemangioma is a neoplasm of benign behavior, determined by abnormal proliferation of blood vessels. They are asymptomatic lesions, however, their progressive growth can cause local traumatic injuries, causing pain, ulcerations and even bleeding, which, depending on the location, becomes difficult to control, especially when of an arterial nature. With a considerable incidence in the head and neck region, in the oral cavity, it most frequently affects the region of jugal mucosa, lips and tongue. Due to its clinical relevance, because it is present in the area of practice of the dental surgeon and is relatively common, knowledge about this benign neoplasm is of fundamental importance. Among the therapeutic resources, chemical sclerotherapy is employed presenting satisfactory clinical and aesthetic results. Objective: the purpose of this study is to present the clinical characteristics of hemangioma, the diagnostic methods and the treatment performed through chemical sclerotherapy. Case report: this article describes the description of two clinical cases of hemangiomas diagnosed in two female patients, one located in the upper lip and the other in the jugal mucosa treated with sclerosing solution injection. Final considerations: in both cases, it was possible to provide the involution of the lesions by non-surgical procedures, favoring, in the postoperative period, comfort and aesthetics, demonstrating the efficiency and safety in the use of 5% monoethanolamine oleate (Ethamolin®). (AU)

Tratamento de hemangioma labial por meio da escleroterapia / Labial hemangioma treatment through sclerotherapy: case report

O hemangioma é considerado como uma neoplasia vascular benigna, caracterizado por uma fase de crescimento rápido, com proliferação de células endoteliais, seguida por uma estabilização gradual. A principal queixa dos pacientes portadores dessa neoplasia é referente à estética e, por esse motivo, a escleroterapia vem sendo uma boa opção de tratamento para obter resultados estéticos satisfatórios. Para esse tipo de tratamento, são utilizadas aplicações com oleato de monoetanolamina a 0,05 g/ml (Ethamolin), que promovem a regressão da lesão por fibrose dos espaços endoteliais. No presente artigo, é descrito um relato de caso clínico de uma paciente do sexo feminino, portadora de um hemangioma no lábio superior esquerdo. Foram realizadas três aplicações do agente esclerosante Ethamolin no interior do tumor, até que ele regredisse o suficiente para ser removido cirurgicamente com maior segurança e eficiência. As aplicações com oleato de monoetanolamina proporcionaram a involução do hemangioma de forma rápida e segura, de modo a promover uma esclerose dos vasos tumorais, favorecendo a remoção cirúrgica.

The hemangioma is considered as a benign vascular neoplasm, characterized by a phase of rapid growth, with proliferation of endothelial cells, followed by gradual estabilization. The main complaint of patients with this neoplasm is related to aesthetics and, for this reason, sclerotherapy has been a good treatment option to obtain satisfactory aesthetic results. For this type of treatment, applications with 0.05 g/ml Monoethanolamine Oleate (Ethamolin), which causes regression of the lesion by fibrosis of the endothelial spaces, are used. In the present article a clinical case report of a female patient with a hemangioma in the upper left lip will be described. As a treatment, three applications of the Ethamolin sclerosing agent were performed inside the tumor until it regress to be excised with greater safety and efficiency. The applications with Monoethanolamine Oleate provided a quick hemangioma involution, in order to promote sclerosis of tumor vessels, favoring it surgical removal.

Lower lip squamous cell carcinoma in patients with photosensitive disorders: Analysis of cases treated at the Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) from 1999 to 2012.

BACKGROUND: Lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (LLSCC) is a common malignancy of the head and neck, being mainly a consequence of a chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light solar radiation. Here, we evaluated the clinicopathological profile of patients with photosensitive disorders (xeroderma pigmentosum, lupus erythematosus and albinism) that developed LLSCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from patients who had a diagnosed LLSCC with a prior xeroderma pigmentosum, lupus erythematosus or albinism diagnosis that were treated at INCA from 1999 to 2012 were collected from patients medical records (n=16). The control group was composed of 68 patients with LLSCC without a medical history of photosensitivity. The clinicopathological data of this study population were collected and the association between these variables was analyzed by Fisher's exact test. Survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS statistics package. RESULTS: The mean age of patients in the photosensitive and non-photosensitive groups was 42 years and 67 years, respectively (p<0.0001). A previous history of malignant diseases was more common in the photosensitive group (p=0.001). In both groups, most tumors showed a pathological stage I/II disease. Overall and cancer-specific survival were not statistically different. However, disease-free interval showed a significant difference (p=0.01) between the photosensitive and non-photosensitive patients. CONCLUSIONS: Photosensitive patients presented LLSCC at earlier age but it usually was not the primary tumor in these patients. Furthermore, a more aggressive pathological behavior was not seen when compared with tumors from non-photosensitive patients. The disease-free interval was lower in photosensitive patients, as expected.

Severe Edema After Sclerotherapy of Labial Hemangioma With Ethamolin Oleate in a Young Child.

Adverse reactions related to ethanolamine oleate (EO) include pain during injection, redness, inflammation, tissue necrosis, and allergic reaction. The authors report a patient of exuberant facial edema after the injection of EO used in sclerotherapy of lip hemangioma in a child. A 9-year-old boy was referred to authors' oral and maxillofacial surgery unit to treat a vascular lesion of the upper lip. The lesion has causing enlargement of the middle area of the upper lip, being sessile and resilient by palpation. It was decided to employ sclerotherapy aiming to reduce the size for posterior surgical excision of the residual lesion. The day after the injection, the patient presented intense edema limited to the upper lip, complaining of mild pain. Although side effects reported of EO injection are mild and with almost no clinical significance, major complications like anaphylaxis and severe edema can occur, such in the patient here presented.

Signet-ring cell change in adenoid cystic carcinoma: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of four cases.

AIMS: Signet-ring cell (SRC) change has not been reported in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). The aim of this study was to describe the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical findings in four cases of ACC with SRCs (ACC-SRC), in which the relative proportion of the SRC component ranged from 25% to 50%. METHODS AND RESULTS: The median age was 58 years (range: 48-81 years), and all patients were women. The involved sites were sinonasal, lip, and submandibular. Two patients developed lung metastasis, and one died of disease 63 months after tumour resection. Neither mucinous nor lipid substances were detected in the SRCs. These showed positive staining for AE1/AE3, cytokeratin 14, and epithelial membrane antigen, which highlighted the intracytoplasmic vacuole borders. The SRC nests were surrounded by myoepithelial cells positive for α-smooth muscle actin and p63. The SRCs showed similar p53 positivity but lower Ki67 and mitotic indices than the conventional component. SRCs were c-Myb-negative. Ultrastructural examination revealed that the intracytoplasmic vacuoles were lumina lined by microvilli. CONCLUSIONS: ACC-SRC is a non-mucin-producing and non-lipid-producing phenomenon, possibly related to disturbed differentiation of ductal/luminal cells. This cellular modification in ACC apparently does not change the biological behaviour of the tumour, but it may cause significant diagnostic problems, particularly in incisional biopsies.

Actinic cheilitis and squamous cell carcinoma of the lip: clinical, histopathological and immunogenetic aspects.

Actinic cheilitis is the main precancerous lesion of the lip. Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip is reported together with oral carcinomas in the Brazilian official statistics. Overall, they account for 40% of the head and neck carcinomas. In general, physicians and dentists know little about what causes oral tumor development and progression. Tumor suppressor genes and cell proliferation regulatory proteins play a role in the progression of actinic cheilitis to squamous cell carcinoma and in its biological behavior. Knowledge on prognostic and diagnostic markers has a positive impact on the follow-up of these patients.

Actinic cheilitis and squamous cell carcinoma of the lip: clinical, histopathological and immunogenetic aspects / Queilite actínica e carcinoma espinocelular do lábio: aspectos clínicos, histopatológicos e imunogenéticos

Actinic cheilitis is the main precancerous lesion of the lip. Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip is reported together with oral carcinomas in the Brazilian official statistics. Overall, they account for 40% of the head and neck carcinomas. In general, physicians and dentists know little about what causes oral tumor development and progression. Tumor suppressor genes and cell proliferation regulatory proteins play a role in the progression of actinic cheilitis to squamous cell carcinoma and in its biological behavior. Knowledge on prognostic and diagnostic markers has a positive impact on the follow-up of these patients.

Queilite actínica é a principal lesão pré-neoplásica do lábio. O carcinoma espinocelular do lábio é incluído nas estatísticas brasileiras junto com os cânceres de boca e, em conjunto, somam 40% dos cânceres de cabeça e pescoço. Há certo desconhecimento médico e odontológico em geral quanto aos fatores relacionados à carcinogênese e à progressão de tumores de boca. Genes de supressão tumoral e proteínas regulatórias de proliferação celular exercem papel na evolução da queilite actínica para carcinoma espinocelular e no comportamento biológico deste. O conhecimento de marcadores de diagnóstico e prognóstico e sua investigação têm utilidade no acompanhamento de tais pacientes.

Carcinoma de células escamosas labial em paciente jovem / Squamous cell carcinoma labial in young patient

O Carcinoma de células escamosas de lábio é uma neoplasia de origem epitelial que acomete, preferencialmente, homens, com idade superior a 50 anos, com fototipo de pele baixo, história de fotoexposição no passado, tabagistas e etilistas. Apresenta-se, mais comumente, no lábio inferior. O diagnóstico é feito através de história clínica, exame físico, biópsia e exame histopatológico. O tratamento de escolha é a cirurgia com a ressecção completa da lesão, a reconstrução labial e o esvaziamento cervical em casos indicados. Em virtude da elevada mortalidade, torna-se fundamental o diagnóstico e o tratamento precoces. Este trabalho tem por objetivo relatar o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, de 21 anos, sem fatores de risco associados, mas que desenvolveu o carcinoma de células escamosas em lábio inferior.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of lip is a cancer of epithelial origin that affects mainly men, aged over 50 years, with low skin phototype, history of sun exposure in the past, smokers and alcoholics. It presents more commonly in the lower lip. Diagnosis is done by clinical history, physical examination, biopsy and histopathology test. The treatment of choice is surgery with complete resection of the lesion, a lip reconstruction and the neck´s lymph node dissection dissection in indicated cases. Due to high mortality, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for good prognosis. This paper aims to report the case of a male patient of 21 years old without risk factors who developed squamous cell carcinoma on the lower lip.

Sclerotherapy followed by surgery for the treatment of oral hemangioma: a report of two cases.

Hemangiomas, vascular malformations, and varices are common benign vascular lesions in the head and neck region. They can occur in the mouth and primarily affect the lips, tongue, buccal mucosa, and palate. The main types of treatments are surgery and intralesional injection of sclerosant agents. However, other therapies have been considered, such as systemic corticosteroids, laser therapy, interferon a, and cryotherapy. Currently, sclerotherapy is employed largely because of its efficiency and ability to conserve the surrounded tissues. Surgery can be used exclusively or associated with sclerotherapy in lesions that do not show complete resolution. This article describes the cases of two patients with oral hemangiomas that were submitted to sclerotherapy with ethanolamine oleate. Although an important decrease was detected after seven applications in both cases, surgical resection of the residual lesion was performed to achieve optimal results.

Lip cavernous hemangioma in a young child.

Hemangiomas are benign tumors of infancy and childhood, characterized by a phase of fast growth with endothelial cell proliferation, occurring in 10-12% of children at 1 year of age. It is known that hemangiomas of infancy are most commonly located on the head and neck region (around 60% of cases) and occur more frequently in the lips, tongue, and palate. Approximately 50% of hemangiomas have complete resolution, and 90% of them are resolved up to the age of 9. Complications occur in only 20% of the cases, the most common problem being ulceration with or without infection. The treatment depends on lesion location, size and evolution stage, and the patient's age. Surgery is usually indicated when there is no response to systemic treatments, or even for esthetic reasons, being performed as a simple excision in combination or not with plastic surgery. This paper reports a case of lip cavernous hemangioma in a 4-year-old child, who was submitted to 3 sessions of vascular sclerosis due to the size of the lesion, before undergoing simple excision of the hemangioma. Two years of postoperative clinical follow-up shows treatment success with no recurrence of the lesion.

Lip cavernous hemangioma in a young child

Hemangiomas are benign tumors of infancy and childhood, characterized by a phase of fast growth with endothelial cell proliferation, occurring in 10-12 percent of children at 1 year of age. It is known that hemangiomas of infancy are most commonly located on the head and neck region (around 60 percent of cases) and occur more frequently in the lips, tongue, and palate. Approximately 50 percent of hemangiomas have complete resolution, and 90 percent of them are resolved up to the age of 9. Complications occur in only 20 percent of the cases, the most common problem being ulceration with or without infection. The treatment depends on lesion location, size and evolution stage, and the patient's age. Surgery is usually indicated when there is no response to systemic treatments, or even for esthetic reasons, being performed as a simple excision in combination or not with plastic surgery. This paper reports a case of lip cavernous hemangioma in a 4-year-old child, who was submitted to 3 sessions of vascular sclerosis due to the size of the lesion, before undergoing simple excision of the hemangioma. Two years of postoperative clinical follow-up shows treatment success with no recurrence of the lesion.

Hemangiomas são tumores benignos da infância que se caracterizam por uma fase de crescimento rápido com proliferação de células endoteliais, ocorrendo em 10 a 12 por cento das crianças com 1 ano de idade. Sua localização mais comum é nos lábios, na língua, mucosa jugal e no palato. Aproximadamente 50 por cento dos casos de hemangioma mostram completa resolução e 90 por cento deles resolvem-se até os 9 anos de idade. As complicações ocorrem em apenas 20 por cento dos casos e o problema mais comum é a ulceração com ou sem infecção. O tratamento depende da localização, do tamanho e do estágio evolutivo da lesão, bem como da idade do paciente. A cirurgia geralmente é indicada quando não há resposta aos tratamentos sistêmicos ou por razões estéticas, podendo ser empregada sob forma de exérese simples com ou sem plástica. Este artigo apresenta um caso de hemangioma cavernoso labial em uma criança de 4 anos de idade, a qual, devido ao tamanho da lesão, foi submetida a 3 sessões de esclerose vascular seguido de exérese simples da lesão, com acompanhamento clínico de 2 anos de pós-operatório.

Carcinoma epidermóide: diagnóstico e conduta imediatas / Squamous cell carcinoma: diagnosis and first behavior

O carcinoma epidermóide apresenta moderada frequência na cavidade bucal, podendo ser considerado um problema de saúde pública. O escopo deste trabalho é apresentar o caso de um paciente portador de carcinoma epidermóide em lábio inferior, o qual foi submetido ao tratamento cirúrgico. Foram discutidas as características clínicas, radiográficas e histopatológicas, frequência, incidência e modalidades de tratamento

Carcinoma de células de Merkel de labio: presentación de un caso con evolución especial y diagnóstico diferencial inmunohistoquímico / Lip Merkel cell carcinoma: presentation of a case with special evolution and immunohistochemic differential diagnosis

El carcinoma de células de Merkel es un tumor neuroendócrino infrecuente y muy agresivo a la piel. Las lesiones se presentan en zonas expuestas al sol tal como cabeza y cuello, extremidades y tronco; se han comunicado localizaciones intraorales y en labios. El diagnóstico diferencial clínico y por histología convencial, con otros tumores, es muy dificultoso. La inmunohistoquímica resulta útil para un correcto diagnóstico dado el inmunofenotipo específico de este tumor. El conocimiento por parte del clínico y del cirujano de la clínica y del inmunofenotipo diagnóstico por parte del patólogo, es esencial para un diagnóstico de certeza, y la clave para el planeamiento del tratamiento adecuado. (AU)

Carcinoma de células de Merkel de labio: presentación de un caso con evolución especial y diagnóstico diferencial inmunohistoquímico / Lip Merkel cell carcinoma: presentation of a case with special evolution and immunohistochemic differential diagnosis

El carcinoma de células de Merkel es un tumor neuroendócrino infrecuente y muy agresivo a la piel. Las lesiones se presentan en zonas expuestas al sol tal como cabeza y cuello, extremidades y tronco; se han comunicado localizaciones intraorales y en labios. El diagnóstico diferencial clínico y por histología convencial, con otros tumores, es muy dificultoso. La inmunohistoquímica resulta útil para un correcto diagnóstico dado el inmunofenotipo específico de este tumor. El conocimiento por parte del clínico y del cirujano de la clínica y del inmunofenotipo diagnóstico por parte del patólogo, es esencial para un diagnóstico de certeza, y la clave para el planeamiento del tratamiento adecuado.

Lip cancer experience in Mexico. An 11-year retrospective study.

Lip cancer is the most frequent malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity; however, there is no information available on the incidence of this type of cancer in Mexico. This study provides information about the clinico-pathological features of lip cancer patients admitted at a cancer hospital in Mexico City during an 11-year period and describes the treatment modalities performed and their results. A total of 113 patients were studied. There were 74 men (65.5%) and 39 women (34.5%), ranging in age from 14 to 106 years (mean 70 years). In 53 cases (46.9%) an association was found between the disease and chronic sun exposure. Additionally, positive smoking antecedents were recorded in 58 cases (51.3%). As 15 patients were followed for less than 1 month, they were excluded for further analysis. There were 82 cases (83.7%) of squamous cell carcinoma, 10 (10.2%) basal cell carcinomas, and one case (1%) each of adenocarcinoma NOS, melanoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, lymphoepithelioma and angiosarcoma. We observed an incidence of malignant neoplasms in the upper lip of 33.7%, which is higher than most of the published series and may be due to the fact that in this series we included all histological types of lip cancers. Fifty percent of the cases were found in stages III and IV. Cervical lymph node metastases were found in 21% of patients with no previous treatment, and they developed in 5.3% after treatment. Our data suggest that tumoral size is directly related to the possibility of developing node metastases, as none of them occurred in patients T1, whereas 10 (62.5%) of the patients in T4 presented them. Seven deaths were documented (7.1%), five of which corresponded to squamous cell carcinoma, one to Merkel cell carcinoma, and one to adenocarcinoma. Deaths were directly related to the disease in six cases, and one patient died due to surgical complications. Distant metastases were found in only two patients, one of which coursed with an adenocarcinoma and the other with a Merkel cell carcinoma. Based on the present results, we suggest that the differences encountered with respect to other series, particularly the higher incidence found in women, the frequent presentation of this type of neoplasms in the upper lip, the wide variety of histopathological diagnoses and the high frequency of cases with cervical lymph node affection, should lead us to search for multi-modal treatment alternatives in this population.

Uso de um agente de esclerose química para o tratamento de hemangioma: relato de caso / The use of a chemical sclerotic agent for hemangyoma treatment: case report

Os autores descrevem um caso onde um hemangioma de localizaçäo labial foi tratado através do emprego de um agente de esclerose química. O agente utilizado foi o Oleato de Monoetanolamina a 5 por cento (Ethamolin) em uma única aplicaçäo que veio a suprimir completamente a lesäo

Câncer do lábio inferior (tratamento e reparação pelo método de Krause) / Cancer of lower lip: Repair and treatment by the Krause's technique

Os autores apresentam alguns casos de perda de substância do lábio inferior por câncer e reparados pela técnica de Krause. Fazem previamente um estudo sumário dos carcinomas cutâneos e da sua distribuição anatômica segundo os tipos mais freqüentes (baso e espinocelulares) bem como da sua incidência racial. Apontam os dois tipos princiapais de tratamento: o cirúrgico e o radioativo (roentgenterapia e radiumterapia). Referem-se à lei radioterápica dos raio x de Bergonié-Tribondeau intimemente relacionadacom o grau de imaturidade das células tumorais. Realçam alguns princípios que devem ser respeitados no tratamento cirúrgico dos tumores cutâneos. Ressaltam a importância da reparação precoce da ferida cirúrgica reultante da exérese tumoral

Cáncer, medicamentos y rúbricas faltantes - 2da. parte: cara / Cancer, missing medicaments and rubrics - 2nd. part: face

Se presenta este trabajo de investigación de diversas materias médicas sobre medicamentos y rúbricas faltantes sobre cáncer de cara, con la especificación de las fuentes y las modalidades (AU)

Cáncer, medicamentos y rúbricas faltantes - 2da. parte: cara / Cancer, missing medicaments and rubrics - 2nd. part: face

Se presenta este trabajo de investigación de diversas materias médicas sobre medicamentos y rúbricas faltantes sobre cáncer de cara, con la especificación de las fuentes y las modalidades