[Establishment and verification of invasion syndrome prediction model in patients with diabetes complicated with Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess].

Objective: To analyze the correlative factors of invasion syndrome in patients with diabetes complicated with Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess, and to construct and verify the online nomographic prediction model. Methods: A case control study. The clinical data of 213 diabetic patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the training set (149 cases) and the test set (64 cases) by stratified random sampling method at a ratio of 7∶3. Synthetic minority over-sampling technique(SMOTE) was used to process the imbalanced data, then Lasso regression was used to screen out the optimal feature variables in the training set and multivariate logistic regression model was used to construct the prediction model of invasion syndrome in patients with diabetes complicated with Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess, and verify it in the training set and test set. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the prediction efficiency of the model, and the simple and online interactive dynamic web page column graph was constructed. Results: Among the 213 patients, 60 were males and 153 were females, aged of (61.4±12.0) years. A total of 25(11.74%) diabetic patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess developed invasion syndrome, which were included in divided into invasive K.pneumoniae liver abscesses syndrome (IKPLAS) group, and the other 188 cases were in without invasive K.pneumoniae liver abscesses syndrome (NIKPLAS) group. SMOTE algorithm was used for oversampling processing, so that the ratio of positive and negative samples was 1∶1. In the oversampling training set, 5 main risk factors were screened based on Lasso regression, namely fasting blood glucose (λ=0.063), hemoglobin (λ=-0.042), blood urea nitrogen (λ=-0.050), abscess size (λ=-0.025) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (λ=0.450), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression model showed that fasting blood glucose (OR=1.20, 95%CI: 0.98-1.48, P=0.006), hemoglobin (OR=0.90, 95%CI: 0.86-0.95, P<0.001), blood urea nitrogen (OR=1.22, 95%CI: 1.03-1.43, P=0.017), abscess diameter (OR=0.76, 95%CI: 0.61-0.94, P=0.010), SOFA score (OR=3.08, 95%CI: 2.18-4.36, P<0.001) were associated with invasion syndrome in patients with diabetes complicated with Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess. The area under the curve of ROC in the training set was 0.966 (95%CI: 0.943-0.989), the sensitivity was 90.5%, and the specificity was 91.3%. The area under the curve of the validation set ROC was 0.946 (95%CI: 0.902-0.991), with a sensitivity of 79.6% and a specificity of 88.9%. The calibration curves drawn in the training set and the test set fit well with the ideal curve. DCA showed that the neomorph prediction model had a good clinical net benefit when predicting the risk of IKPLAS in patients with diabetes complicated with Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess was 0.10-0.40. Conclusions: Fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin, urea nitrogen, abscess size and SOFA score are the related factors for invasion syndrome in patients with diabetes complicated with Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess. The constructed column graph can effectively predict the risk of invasion syndrome in patients with diabetes complicated with Klebsiae pneumoniae liver abscess.

Abdominal abscess caused by Raoultella ornithinolytica secondary to postoperative gastric fistula: case report and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, Raoultella ornithinolytica (R. ornithinolytica) have attracted clinical attention as a new type of pathogen. A wide range of infections with these germs is reported, and commonly found in urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, and bacteremia. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of an elderly woman with liver abscess, choledocholithiasis and cholangitis, who developed gastric fistula and abdominal abscess after underwent choledocholithotomy, and R. ornithinolytica were isolated from the abdominal drainage fluid. The patient was treated with meropenem and levofloxacin and had a good outcome. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, case of isolating R. ornithinolytica from a patient with non-viscerally abdominal abscess was extremely rare. We share a case of a woman with non-viscerally abdominal abscess secondary to postoperative gastric fistula, R. ornithinolytica was isolated from the patient's pus, and the pathogenic bacteria may originate from the gastrointestinal tract. Based on this case, We should be cautious that invasive treatment may greatly increase the probability of infection with this pathogenic bacterium.

Prevalence of vascular thrombosis in patients with liver abscess.

Thrombotic complications in liver abscess are less commonly identified in the literature. In this prospective observational study, vascular thrombosis was detected in 21.9% cases. However, there was no significant difference in outcome with or without vascular thrombosis, properly treated.

Non-bacteremia liver abscess caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei from a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia: a case report and literature review.

Melioidosis is endemic in Southeast Asia, including Malaysia. Liver abscess is not uncommon in melioidosis, but it is usually associated with bacteremia. We presented a case of a 55-year-old gentleman with underlying end-stage renal failure who presented with non-specific abdominal pain for three months. Initial blood investigations showed leukocytosis and increased C-reactive protein. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen revealed multiple hypodense lesions in the liver and spleen. The culture of the liver specimen obtained through the ultrasound-guided isolated Burkholderia pseudomallei. He was given an adjusted dose of intravenous ceftazidime due to underlying renal failure. Melioidosis serology also returned positive for IgM with titer >1:1280. His blood cultures were reported negative three times. Despite on antibiotics for five weeks, there was no significant improvement of the liver abscesses was observed. He was unfortunately infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus during his admission and passed away due to severe COVID-19 pneumonia.

Toxocara canis and Fasciola hepatica Co-Infection Leading to Hepatic Abscess: A Case Report.

Toxocariasis is a zoonotic disease caused by ingesting eggs from soil contaminated with Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati, commonly found in feces of infected dogs and cats, leading to a range of clinical symptoms including fever, abdominal pain and gastrointestinal manifestations. Fascioliasis is also a zoonotic disease caused by liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica, which can be contracted through consumption of contaminated water or aquatic plants, leading to various clinical features. Here, we report a case of a 39-year-old woman diagnosed with a liver abscess caused by co-infection of T. canis and F. hepatica, as confirmed by serological tests. Although the existence of a pet dog and an experience of eating raw water dropwort are potential clues for diagnosis, it cannot be determined as the source of infection because the source of infection has not been clearly identified. After administrating albendazole and triclabendazole sequentially, the patient showed improvement in blood test and imaging findings. Clinicians should be aware of parasitic co-infection and take appropriate management.

Multiple liver abscesses secondary to Listeria monocytogenes complicated by hepatic artery mycotic aneurysm.

A woman in her 50s presented to the emergency department with 5 days of abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. CT imaging of her liver demonstrated three enhancing, cystic lesions in her hepatic parenchyma and a large enhancing lesion in her porta hepatis concerning for a hepatic artery aneurysm. Radiographic-guided drainage was performed on two accessible liver abscesses, and cultures from this drainage grew Listeria monocytogenes Serial imaging of the aneurysm demonstrated that the aneurysm spontaneously thrombosed and did not require further intervention. She was subsequently discharged on intravenous ampicillin with a plan to continue until radiographic resolution of the abscesses.

[A case of invasive liver abscess syndrome caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae causing endophthalmitis-induced blindness].

An 82-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital for visual acuity loss in both eyes. The patient was diagnosed with invasive liver abscess syndrome and bilateral endophthalmitis due to Klebsiella pneumoniae 4 days after the onset of ocular symptoms. The liver abscess improved by broad-spectrum antibiotics and intravitreal injection, but bilateral blindness occurred. Most literature reported fever as the first symptom of invasive abscess syndrome, but this case had no fever at the onset of ocular symptoms. Delayed invasive liver abscess syndrome diagnosis might cause poor visual acuity prognosis.

Successful treatment of a severe Takotsubo syndrome case complicated by liver abscess.

The main manifestations of Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) are a spherical expansion of the left ventricle or near the apex and decreased systolic function. TTS is mostly thought to be induced by emotional stress, and the induction of TTS by severe infection is not often reported. A 72-year-old female patient with liver abscess reported herein was admitted due to repeated fever with a history of hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance. Her severe infection caused TTS, and her blood pressure dropped to 80/40 mmHg. IABP treatment was performed immediately and continued for 10 days, and comprehensive medication was administered. Based on her disease course and her smooth recovery, general insights and learnings may be: Adding to mental and other pathological stress reaction, serious infections from pathogenic microorganism could be of great important causation of stress reaction leading to TTS, while basic diseases such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes were be of promoting factors; In addition to effective drug therapies for TTS, the importance of the timely using of IABP should be emphasized.

First Italian report of a liver abscess and metastatic endogenous endophthalmitis caused by ST-23 hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in an immunocompetent individual.

BACKGROUND: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common species in the gut of mammals and is widely distributed in the environment. However, the environmental source of hvKp that precedes gut colonization is unclear, but once that it reaches the gut there is a possible generalized spread y fecal-oral transmission especially in endemic areas. Liver abscess might develop when the bacteria, using its virulence factors, cross the intestinal barrier and invade the liver by the portal circulation. This syndrome, prevalent mostly in Asian countries, is increasingly reported in Western Countries and leaves open questions about the source of infection. CASE: Here we describe for the first time in Italy, a case of pyogenic liver abscess caused by a hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (HvKp) complicated by endophthalmitis and other metastatic infections in lung and prostate in an immunocompetent Chinese healthy individual with no recent travel in Asia. CONCLUSION: This case underlines the need for increased awareness of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae, even in settings where it occurs infrequently and where there are not evident epidemiological links.

Hypervirulent Klebsiella Pneumoniae, an Emerging Cause of Endogenous Endophthalmitis in A French Center: A Comparative Cohort Study.

INTRODUCTION: Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is the most common cause of endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) in Asia, but data in Europe are scarce. We describe eight cases of KP EE compared to a cohort of EE in a French center. METHODS: EE cases were retrospectively studied between January 2014 and January 2021. KP EE cases were analyzed to assess clinical, microbiological features, and outcome. RESULTS: Among the 33 EE cases identified, the first causative agent (24%, n = 8) was KP, mainly (7/8) with hypervirulent phenotype (hvKP). All but one of these cases occurred from December 2019 to January 2021. Contrary to non-KP patients, KP patients had multiple extraocular infective foci (p = .006), all presented with liver abscesses (p < .001), 50% had cerebral involvement (p = .13). Visual outcome was poor in both groups. CONCLUSION: KP is an emerging cause of EE in a French center, consistently associated with liver abscesses, frequent cerebral involvement, and predominance of hvKP strains.

Acute cholecystitis secondary to Raoultella ornithinolytica infection, complicated by sepsis, gallbladder perforation, hepatic abscess and bacteraemia.

Herein, a case of an immunocompromised patient in his early 70s is discussed who presented with clinical signs and symptoms compatible with sepsis from an intra-abdominal source and who was found to have blood cultures positive for the encapsulated Gram-negative pathogen Raoultella ornithinolytica, with the source of infection determined, via imaging, to be a case of acute cholecystitis complicated by gallbladder perforation, multiple pericholecystic and hepatic abscesses, and persistent bacteraemia. To our knowledge, this represents the first described case of cholecystitis and gallbladder perforation directly attributed to this species, and highlights both the pathogen's capacity to cause severe disease as well as the utility of a multidisciplinary approach to achieve optimal patient outcome.

Varicella-zoster virus meningitis coincident with bacteremia caused by liver abscess: a case report.

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) meningitis is sometimes associated with herpes zoster, which is also associated with various other infectious diseases. However, there are limited case reports of VZV meningitis with concomitant infectious diseases. Herein, we report a unique case of VZV meningitis concomitant with a pyogenic liver abscess. VZV meningitis was associated with herpes zoster ophthalmicus, Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia, and liver abscess. When VZV meningitis is suspected, clinicians should be aware of its relatively rare epidemiology, nonspecific presentation, and many background risks shared with other infections and should never omit thorough examinations to rule out other infectious causes.

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in a patient with Klebsiella pneumoniae primary liver abscess: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Liver abscess is a common emergency in the emergency department. However, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare and serious cerebrovascular disease. Cases of CVST in patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae primary liver abscess (KLA) have not been described in the literature. We report a case of CVST in patients with KLA. CASE PRESENTATION: A 54-year-old male patient came to our department with a fever for 2 days and altered mental status for 1 day. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) and liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple liver abscesses. The blood culture was identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis. Head contrast-enhanced MRI and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) imaging showed multiple thrombus formation in the right transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus. The patient's infection and thrombosis were controlled within one week of multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment such as antibiotic and antithrombotic therapy, and a good clinical recovery during the 1-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: CVST after liver abscess is rare, clinicians should be aware of this complication and vigilant for the possibility of bacterial meningitis. The underlying mechanisms need to be further studied.

Unexpected death from hepatic abscess 16 months after toothbrush ingestion.

The development of a hepatic abscess secondary to foreign body (FB) ingestion remains rare in forensic practice. Herein, we present a case of a prisoner who died in the hospital and a forensic autopsy was performed to confirm the cause of death. A 14.5-cm-long toothbrush handle was found in the duodenum and had penetrated the right lobe of the liver, consistent with the repeated abdominal pain in his clinical history. The clinical history and investigation confirmed that he had ingested the toothbrush handle 16 months prior. This case highlights a rare complication of intentional ingestion of foreign bodies, and pathologists should be aware of this rare entity which links hepatic abscess and FB ingestion.