ABSTRACT
Abstract Background Perioperative myocardial ischemia is common among patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Our aim is to evaluate the efficacy of perioperative continuous lumbar plexus block in reducing the risk of cardiac ischemic events of elderly patients undergoing surgery for hip fractures, expressed as a reduction of ischemic events per subject. Methods Patients older than 60 years, ASA II-III, with risk factors for or known coronary artery disease were enrolled in this randomized controlled study. Patients were randomized to conventional analgesia using opioid intravenous patient-controlled analgesia or continuous lumbar plexus block analgesia, both started preoperatively and maintained until postoperative day three. Continuous electrocardiogram monitoring with ST segment analysis was recorded. Serial cardiac enzymes and pain scores were registered during the entire period. We measured the incidence of ischemic events per subject registered by a continuous ST-segment Holter monitoring. Results Thirty-one patients (intravenous patient-controlled analgesia 14, lumbar plexus 17) were enrolled. There were no major cardiac events during the observation period. The number of ischemic events recorded by subject during the observation period was 6 in the lumbar plexus group and 3 in the intravenous patient-controlled analgesia group. This difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.618). There were no statistically significant differences in the number of cases with increased perioperative troponin values (3 cases in the lumbar plexus group and 1 case in the intravenous patient-controlled analgesia group) or in terms of pain scores. Conclusions Using continuous perineural analgesia, compared with conventional systemic analgesia, does not modify the incidence of perioperative cardiac ischemic events of elderly patients with hip fracture.
Resumo Justificativa A isquemia miocárdica perioperatória é comum em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de fratura de quadril. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar a eficácia do bloqueio perioperatório contínuo do plexo lombar na redução do risco de eventos cardíacos isquêmicos em pacientes idosos submetidos à cirurgia para fraturas de quadril, expresso como uma redução de eventos isquêmicos por indivíduo. Métodos Pacientes com mais de 60 anos de idade, ASA II-III com fatores de risco para ou com doença coronariana conhecida foram incluídos neste estudo controlado e randomizado. Os pacientes foram aleatorizados para analgesia convencional usando analgésicos opioides para administração de analgesia intravenosa controlada pelo paciente (Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia - IVPCA) ou analgesia contínua com o bloqueio do Plexo Lombar (PL), ambas iniciadas no pré-operatório e mantidas até o terceiro dia de pós-operatório. Monitoração contínua de ECG com análise do segmento ST foi registrada. Enzimas cardíacas seriadas e escores de dor foram registrados durante todo o período. Medimos a incidência de eventos isquêmicos por indivíduo registrados com monitoração contínua do segmento ST via Holter. Resultados Trinta e um pacientes (IVPCA 14, PL 17) foram incluídos. Não houve eventos cardíacos sérios durante o período de observação. O número de eventos isquêmicos registrados por sujeito durante o período de observação foi de seis no grupo PL e três no grupo IVPCA. Essa diferença não foi estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,618). Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas no número de casos com aumento dos valores de troponina no perioperatório (três casos no grupo LP e um caso no grupo IVPCA) ou em termos de escores de dor. Conclusões O uso da analgesia perineural contínua comparado ao da analgesia sistêmica convencional não modifica a incidência de eventos isquêmicos cardíacos no período perioperatório de pacientes idosos com fratura de quadril.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures , Cervical Plexus Block , Hip Fractures , Analgesia/methods , Lumbosacral Plexus/injuriesABSTRACT
Fundamento: las fracturas de columna por el mecanismo de compresión axial sin lesión neurológica, constituyen un paradigma en relación a su tratamiento conservador o quirúrgico. Existen controversias en la literatura sobre el tipo de tratamiento de esta lesión.Objetivo: realizar una revisión sobre los criterios de selección de ambos tipos de tratamiento.Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de un total de 330 artículos publicados en Pubmed, Hinari y Medline mediante el localizador de información Endnote, de ellos se utilizaron 52 citas seleccionadas para realizar la revisión, 46 de ellas de los últimos cinco años donde se incluyeron dos libros.Desarrollo: se analizaron diferentes factores para decisión del tipo del tratamiento, entre los que se encontraron: la escala de severidad de las fracturas del segmento lumbosacro propuesta por Vaccaro AR, los grados de cifosis, la usurpación del canal medular. Por otra parte se realizó una comparación de diferentes autores en relación al tipo de tratamiento empleado en sus investigaciones y las indicaciones quirúrgicas para sus pacientes.Conclusiones: basado en la revisión realizada y los estudios consultados, los pacientes con fractura de columna sin lesión neurológica pueden ser tratados de forma conservadora independientemente del grado de inestabilidad mecánica que presenten (AU)
Background: fractures of the spine by axial compression mechanism without neurological lesion are a paradigm in connection with its conservative or surgical treatment. There is controversy in the literature about the type of treatment of this lesion.Objective: to make a review about the selection criteria of both types of treatment.Methods: a bibliographic review of 330 articles published in Pubmed, Hinari and Medline by means of the reference management software Endnote was made. Fifty-two citations were selected for the review, 46 of them from the last five years; two books were included.Development: different factors for deciding the type of treatment were analysed. Some of the factors were the following: severity scale of the fractures of the lumbosacral segment proposed by Vaccaro AR, kyphosis degree, and medullary channel. On the other hand, a comparison of different authors was made according to the treatment applied in their researches and the surgical indications for their patients.Conclusions: according to the review made and the studies consulted, the patients with fractures of the spine without neurological lesion can be treated conservatively in spite of the degree of mechanical instability they present (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Lumbosacral Plexus/injuries , Spinal Fractures , Fractures, CompressionABSTRACT
Introdução: Tumores do plexo lombossacral(TPLS)são raros. Entre estes, neurofibromas e schwannomas são os mais comuns. Em geral, atingem grandes proporções, sendo, na maioria das vezes, detectados incidentalmente durnate investigações de sintomas inespecíficos, tais como dor abdominal, dor lombar e constipação. Por vezes, comprometem a coluna vertebral, provocando destruição dos corpos vertebrais e/ou alargamento dos farames intervertebrais, podendo haver invasão do canal vertebral. Objetivo: Relatar os casos de dois pacientes que apresentavam volumosas massas retroperitoneais revomidas cirurgicamente. O acesso cirúrgico foi realizado pela equipe da cirurgia geral, e a equipe de neurocirurgia procedeu a ressecção de ambos os tumores por meio de dissecção microcirúrgica no interior do músculo psoas maior. o exame histopatológico diagnosticou neurofibroma e schwannoma, não relacionados à neurofibromatose tipo 1(NF1).Conclusão: Os TPLS são lesões cujo tratamento deve ser cirúrgico, realizado por equipe multidisciplinar, utilizando técnicas de microcirurgia para obtenção de um bom resultado funcional com possibilidade de ressecção total sem déficit neurológico.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Middle Aged , Humans , Neurilemmoma/surgery , Neurilemmoma/complications , Neurilemmoma/diagnosis , Neurofibroma/surgery , Neurofibroma/complications , Neurofibroma/diagnosis , Lumbosacral Plexus/surgery , Lumbosacral Plexus/injuriesABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to assess the possible antiallodynic effect of asimadoline ([N-methyl-N-[1S)-1-phenyl)-2-(13S))-3-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-yl)-ethyl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide HCl]) and ICI-20448 ([2-[3-(1-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl-N-methylacetamido)-2-pyrrolidinoethyl)-phenoxy]acetic acid HCl]), two peripheral selective kappa opioid receptor agonists, after subcutaneous, spinal and periaqueductal grey administration to neuropathic rats. Twelve days after spinal nerve ligation tactile allodynia was observed, along with an increase in kappa opioid receptor mRNA expression in dorsal root ganglion and dorsal horn spinal cord. A non-significant increase in periaqueductal grey was also seen. Subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of asimadoline and ICI-204448 (1-30 mg/kg) dose-dependently reduced tactile allodynia. This effect was partially blocked by s.c., but not intrathecal, naloxone. Moreover, intrathecal administration of asimadoline or ICI-204448 (1-30 mug) reduced tactile allodynia in a dose-dependent manner and this effect was completely blocked by intrathecal naloxone. Microinjection of both kappa opioid receptor agonists (3-30 mug) into periaqueductal grey also produced a naloxone-sensitive antiallodynic effect in rats. Our results indicate that systemic, intrathecal and periaqueductal grey administration of asimadoline and ICI-204448 reduces tactile allodynia. This effect may be a consequence of an increase in kappa opioid receptor mRNA expression in dorsal root ganglion, dorsal horn spinal cord and, to some extent, in periaqueductal grey. Finally, our data suggest that these drugs could be useful to treat neuropathic pain in human beings.
Subject(s)
Acetamides/pharmacology , Periaqueductal Gray/drug effects , Pyrrolidines/pharmacology , Somatosensory Disorders/prevention & control , Acetamides/administration & dosage , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Injections, Spinal , Injections, Subcutaneous , Ligation/adverse effects , Ligation/methods , Lumbosacral Plexus/injuries , Male , Naloxone/administration & dosage , Naloxone/pharmacology , Pain Threshold/drug effects , Periaqueductal Gray/metabolism , Periaqueductal Gray/physiopathology , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/genetics , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/prevention & control , Pyrrolidines/administration & dosage , RNA, Messenger/genetics , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Receptors, Opioid, kappa/agonists , Receptors, Opioid, kappa/genetics , Receptors, Opioid, kappa/physiology , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Somatosensory Disorders/etiology , Somatosensory Disorders/physiopathology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Antecedentes: En la cirugía del cáncer de recto, próstata y útero es necesario conocer la inervación autónoma urogenital a fin de realizar una resección radical con preservación de dicha inervación. Objetivo: Determinar los jalones apropiados para la investigación del plexo presacro, nervios y plexo hipogástrico inferior, erectores en su origen y trayecto que siguen hacia los órganos genitourinarios. Lugar de aplicación: Hospital Público. Diseño: Trabajo de investigación anatómico. Población: 7 especímenes, 5 masculinos y 2 femeninos, se disecaron en total 10 plexos. Método: a) investigación del plexo presacro, nervios y plexo hipogástrico inferior y erectores; b) resección en bloque con un segmento de órganos vecinos; c) estaqueada la pieza es sumergida en formol y Complucad; d) disección de los plexos, fotografías y esquemas; e) biopsias de segmentos de dichos plexos. Resultados: Los erectores dependientes del 3º y 4º nervio espinal estuvieron presentes en todas las piezas. Los originados en S3 eran de mayor envergadura y alcanzaban el plexo hipogástrico inferior, los originados en S4 eran finos y discurrían directamente hacia el pene, 1 caso se integraba al plex
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hypogastric Plexus/injuries , Lumbosacral Plexus/anatomy & histology , Research , Autonomic Pathways , Medical Errors/prevention & control , Colorectal Surgery/adverse effects , Dissection , Lumbosacral Plexus/injuries , Rectum/innervation , Urinary Bladder/innervation , Prostate/innervation , Seminal Vesicles/innervation , Vas Deferens/innervation , Uterus/innervation , Vagina/innervation , Adnexa Uteri/innervation , Ovary/innervation , Spinal Nerve Roots , Spinal Nerves , Rectal Neoplasms/surgeryABSTRACT
Se informan 14 casos de parálisis del Nervio Crural como complicación inmediata a la histerectomía; encontrando como causas predisponentes: el peso real menor al ideal en relación a la estatura en 100 por ciento de los casos, situación que resulta estadísticamente significativa. Otro factor involucrado fue la incisión tipo Pfannenstiel en pacientes delgadas; el separador de Sullivan O'connor se consideró como la causa desencademente, pues las valvas del mismo resultan largas en relación a la delgadez de las pacientes
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Hysterectomy/adverse effects , Iatrogenic Disease , Lumbosacral Plexus/injuries , Postoperative Complications/etiologyABSTRACT
About one quarter of babies with myelomeningocele are born by breech delivery. Dissection of the locomotor system tissues of 49 spina bifida babies born by normal delivery and 15 spina bifida babies born by breech delivery revealed that the latter type of labor causes frequent and often severe trauma to the already handicapped muscles and nerves of the lower extremities. In cases where the birth damage is extensive, the baby's chances of survival may be reduced. The possibility should be considered that this type of labor, which traumatizes the baby's muscles and nerves, may influence the postnatal locomotor function and further contribute to the child's disability.